【存照】即将离任的亚开行行长谈煤电，很务实！

亚洲开发银行行长中尾武彦（Takehiko Nakao）将于2020年1月离任，日前他接受了专门报道国际发展机构的媒体Devex记者采访，其中谈到了他对煤电的看法（中英版对照）：

Question: Coal remains a major component of your region's energy production. What role is ADB playing in helping to transition countries off of coal, and what else do you think needs to happen?

问：煤炭仍然是亚洲地区能源生产的重要组成部分。亚行在帮助转型期国家摆脱对煤炭依赖方面发挥了什么作用，你认为还需要做些什么？

Takehiko Nakao：The biggest challenge in development is energy access … Still, more than 300 million people are without energy. So the imminent task is to generate more power, and in the past, coal was the most available resource. But today, renewable is becoming cheaper because of innovation, because of technological progress. So as far as ADB lending is concerned, we don't lend to coal projects at this moment. We are not saying that we don't do it at all, but in reality, the last project we did coal

finance was [the Jamshoro Power Generation Project in Pakistan] in 2013. So we are staying away from coal. We cannot stop countries from having a very sophisticated coal project, like a supercritical [coal plant], if they use their own money. But as far as our money is concerned, we are focusing on renewable — solar or wind, and geothermal.

中尾武彦：发展中最大的挑战是能源可及性……但仍有3亿多人没有能源。

因此，迫在眉睫的任务是产生更多的电力，在过去，煤炭是最容易获得的资源。但今天，可再生能源由于创新和技术进步而变得越来越便宜。

就亚行贷款而言，我们目前不贷款给煤炭项目。我们并不是说我们根本不支持煤电，但实际上，我们做的最后一个煤炭融资项目是2013年（巴基斯坦的Jamshoro发电项目），所以我们远离煤炭。如果各国用自己的资金，我们无法阻止他们建设非常先进的煤炭项目，比如超临界（煤电厂）。但就我们的资金而言，我们专注于可再生能源——太阳能、风能和地热。

Question：Given that you're not financing coal now, why not put out a policy prohibiting it?

问：既然你们现在不为煤炭融资，为什么不出台一项禁止煤炭的政策呢？

Takehiko Nakao：We will discuss energy policy next year, so this is an opportunity. But at the same time, in many countries — Germany is famous for renewable energy, but at this moment, at least, the [portion] of coal in their electricity generation is about 30%. Same in the U.S. — I wonder whether it is really fair to, in a sense, say that developing countries [must] totally give up the idea of coal. They must carefully do it, and they must use better technologies with less emissions and less pollution... But for those countries, the imminent issue is to provide access to electricity. So we'll consider these issues next year.

中尾武彦：明年我们将审议能源政策，所以这是一个机会。但与此同时，在许多国家，比如德国以可再生能源而闻名，但至少在目前，其发电中的煤炭（比例）约占30%。在美国也是如此——我想知道，从某种意义上说，发展中国家（必须）完全放弃煤炭的想法是否真的公平。发展中国家必须谨慎行事，必须使用排放量少、污染少的更好的技术……但对这些国家来说，迫在眉睫的问题是提供电力供应。所以我们明年会考虑这些问题。

Question：So the option is on the table for ADB to consider some sort of new policy on coal?

问：那么，亚行是否可以考虑对煤炭采取某种新政策呢？

Takehiko Nakao：Yeah, that's right. But once again, if there is only limited option[s] except coal, and if those are poor countries. [The World Bank’s International Development Association] is the same, I think. They don't totally deny the possibility of coal, although they are staying away from it.

中尾武彦：是的，没错。但是，如果除了煤炭之外，只有有限的选择，而且这些国家是穷国，那么我们还是要再次强调这一点。[世界银行国际开发协会]我认为也是这样。他们并不完全否认煤炭的可能性，尽管他们远离煤炭。

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