北大项目 | 第二届北京大学—东京大学年度冬季研讨班

PKU-UT Institute Program

第二届北京大学—东京大学年度冬季研讨班

 2nd Annual Peking-Tokyo Winter Institute 

迈向一种多文明理论：

全球语境下东亚现代性的批判视角

 Toward A New Theory of Civilization:

 Critical Perspectives on East Asian Modernity in Global Context

项目时间和地点：

2017 年 3 月 13 日—23 日，北京大学

March 13-22, Peking University

合作单位：

北京大学人文学部、国际合作部、国际批评理论中心联合举办

Supported by Peking University Faculty of Humanities, Office of International Cooperation and PKU International Center for Critical Theory

组织者：

张旭东（北京大学／纽约大学）、中岛隆博（东京大学）

Co-Organizers: Zhang Xudong (PKU/NYU) & Nakajima Takahiro (U. of Tokyo)

引言

Introduction

1875 年，福泽谕吉撰写《文明论概略》一书，为自己提出重新思考“文明”的课题：不是一种或两种，而是三种特殊的文明：日本文明、中国文明和西方文明。但是，谈及“文明”本身的一般观念时，在欧洲全球统治的全盛期下，人们对于关键词“文明”的流行理解，还是将它视为单一的、而非复数的观念——正如《文明论概略》的英文标题所示：An Outline of The Theory of Civilization。事实上，直到相对晚近的时期为止，对文明的讨论都是对于“文明化”过程的讨论，对于一种普遍启蒙和进步的讨论：它承诺要重新界定“人性”，摆脱种种社会文化形式（或仅仅是种族形式）的特殊性。并且，即便出于情感上的考虑，有些特殊性仍然值得部分保留，它们也需要得到彻底的改造或自我否定，它们的价值只有放到一种被感知到的（事实上已经内在化了的）“普遍性”之下，才能得到确证——不管这种“普遍性”的表达形式是基督教神学还是世俗的科学。无疑，当时这一可谓认识论上的重新定向，同时带来了一种存在主义式的对于“丛林法则”、适者生存原则的辨认；在这种认识下，政治上自我保全的自我意识，东亚文化主体性或“执迷于自我”背后的历史实质本身，都要经历必然的“现代”阶段——现代化、现代性、现代主义——为的是在遥远的将来重获一定程度的自我认同。

今天，在福泽谕吉的名著刊行近一个半世纪后，我们所面对的，似乎是一个以文化界线、宗教界线、意识形态界线、地缘政治界线（或毋宁说断层）重新划分的世界，这些界线或断层促使亨廷顿（Samuel Huntington）在后冷战时期开始时就设想出以“文明的冲突”为基础的图景。亨廷顿富于挑战性的论述的关键，是在“现代”与“西方”之间做出一种确定的概念区分；与之相随的是其下述现实主义观察：相对而言，西方在物质生产、技术创新、军事力量、道德优势、价值和意识形态说服力方面的统治力都在下降。1980 年代以降随着新自由主义世界经济秩序而兴起的、全球性的自由主义意识形态开始遭到质疑，甚至可以说逐渐在我们眼前崩塌。人们预计，随着这一主流意识形态的衰落，交叠共识、信仰、价值、感受、集体行为和心理的结构也会瓦解：而迄今为止，上述结构都成功维系着人们对于历史方向的共同感知，并且哪怕在有限的意义上，为“文明”赋予一种具体意义。

本年度北京大学—东京大学研讨班以“文明理论”为主题，不是为了哀悼或庆祝所谓“文明论框架”的崩塌，而是为了对“文明”（单数形式）观念进行不合时宜的重新思考——在其极端的复数性和多样性的意义上：既是空间上的多样性和复数性（文化、宗教、地缘政治、体制的空间），也是时间上的多样性和复数性，即当前各种共存而相互竞争的生产模式、社会关系、权力形式中的矛盾和可能性，以及与其历史生产条件相符的文化生产力和表现力，界定了“文明”的多样性和复数性。在这一宽泛的框架下，我们将在民族的和国际的语境下，重新探讨东亚现代性的种种思想传统，让它们和空间和时间意义上相互异质的多种思想资源进行对话：从维多利亚时期的小说到二十世纪批评理论；从儒家话语的复兴到对于新的文学风格、语言和想象的创造。不同于通常意义上的学院和学科进路，我们强调两大东亚文明之间相互联系的重要意义，甚或紧迫意义：双方源于同样的古典文明根基，后因对于西方现代性冲击的不同反应，以及各自对于“文明自我”（它关系到一个外在的他者）的连续性的探寻，彼此产生了历史性的、决定性的分化。在这种视野下，福泽谕吉的三重文明论模式并没有将三方置于自我保全和抵抗的生死争斗之中，也没有为了寻求实际出路而判断赢家输家，而是提供了一个批评和自我批评的内在机制，以利于我们探索对于历史中的文化的辨证理解。

When FukuzawaYukichi wrote An Outline of The   Theory of Civilization (Bunmeiron no Gairyaku) in 1875, he took upon himself the task of rethinking not one, not two, but three specific civilizations: those of Japan, China, and the West. At the height of European global dominance, however, the term "civilization" implied a singular, rather than plural, concept, as demonstrated by the very title of Yukichi’s book. In fact, until relatively recently, it has been rather impossible to talk about civilization as anything other than a civilizing process, a universal enlightenment and progress that promised to redefine humanity against the grain of its various particularities in socio-cultural or merely ethnic forms. Moreover, even if some of those particularities were still worth partially salvaging, out of sentimental reasons, they would need to be subject to a thorough transformation or self-negation, as their value could only be ascertained vis-à-vis a perceived, indeed internalized, universal, be it formulated in Christian theological or secular-scientific fashions. Complementing this seemingly epistemological reorientation was an existential recognition of the law of the jungle, the survival of the fittest, in which the political self-consciousness of self-preservation—the very historical substance of that East Asian cultural subjectivity or “obsession with the Self”—would have to go through a necessary stage of modernization, modernity and modernism, in order to regain or re-invent a degree of self-identity at a distant future point.

Today, nearly a century and a half after the publication of Fukuzawa’s influential book, we seem to face a world re-divided along cultural, religious, ideological, and geopolitical fault lines. These fault lines prompted Samuel Huntington, at the onset of the post-Cold War era, to formulate a vision based on the “clash of civilizations”. At the heart of Huntington’s provocative argument is a definitive conceptual separation between “modern” and “Western”, an intuition coupled with a realist observation of the relative decline of Western dominance in material production, technological innovation, military power, moral prestige, and ideological persuasiveness. What is cast in doubt, if it is not quite yet crumbling before our eyes, is the liberal globalist ideology that rose along with the neoliberal economic world order since the 1980s. With the demise of that mainstream ideology, one is tempted to speculate, comes the undermining of the very structure of overlapping consensus, beliefs, values, sensibilities, and group behavior and psyche, which hitherto managed to sustain a shared sense of the direction of history and, in however limited a way, bestow civilization with a concrete meaning.

By appropriating “a theory of a civilization” as the working title of this year’s PKU-UT Institute, we intend neither to lament nor to celebrate the alleged breaking of the civilizational frame, but, instead, to propose an untimely rethinking of the notion of civilization (in singular form) in its radical plurality and diversity understood in spatial-cultural, religious, geopolitical, institutional, and temporal terms—that is, as what we call civilization continues to be conditioned and defined by ongoing contradictions and possibilities in co-existing, competing modes of production, social relations, forms of power, along with the expressivity and productivity of culture congruent with its general historical conditions of production. Under this broad and inclusive rubric, we propose to reexamine the intellectual traditions of East Asian modernity articulated in both national and international contexts—that is, in conversation with a plethora of heterogeneous sources defined spatially and temporally all at once, from Victorian novels to twentieth-century critical theory; from the revival of Confucian discourses to the emergence of new literary styles, languages, and imaginations. Beyond the usual academic and disciplinary approaches, we emphasize the importance, indeed urgency, of trying to bridge the gap between the two major East Asian civilizations, stemming from the same origins of a classical civilization, later divided historically and fatefully by their respective reactions to the onslaught of Western modernity and their respective searches for the continuity of a civilizational Self in relation to the Outside, the Other. Cast in this light, Fukuzawa’s tri-civilizational model, rather than pitching the three parties against each other in a life-and-death struggle for self-preservation and resistance, or picking a winner over a loser in order to figure out a practical way out, provides a built-in mechanism for criticism and self-criticism as we search for a dialectical understanding of culture in history.

议程

Program

3 月 13 日（周一），March 13 (Monday)

下午 6：00—8：30，6:00 p.m.—8:30 p.m.

欢迎晚宴 

勺园 7 号楼正大国际会议中心，朗润厅

Welcoming Dinner

Location: Shaoyuan No.7 Building, Zhengda International Convention Center, Langrun Room

3 月 14 日（周二），March 14 (Tuesday)

上午 9：30—12：00，9:30 a.m.—12:00 p.m.     

地点：朗润园采薇阁地面层会议室

研讨班：中岛隆博（东京大学）

讨论人：章永乐（北京大学法学院）；张旭东（北京大学

批评理论中心／纽约大学比较文学系）

 Location: Caiwei Courtyard, Langrun Garden, 

Ground LevelConference Room

 Faculty Seminar: Takahiro Nakajima (Univ. of Tokyo)

 Discussants: Zhang Yongle (PKU); Xudong Zhang(PKU/NYU)

下午 2：00—5：00，2:00 p.m.—5:00 p.m.       

地点：二体地下层报告厅

公开演讲：“活力的转移”与“分化主义”

平野启一郎（作家）

组办者：北京大学人文学部、国际批评理论中心

讨论人：西川（诗人/北京师范大学/北京大学批评理论中心）；

              Paul Pickering（澳大利亚国立大学人文社科学部）

Location: Yenching Academy Auditorium, Lower Level, No.2 Gym

Public Lecture: “The Shift of Vitality” and “Dividualism”

Keiichiro Hirano (Writer)

co-Sponsored by PKU Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences,ICCT

Discussants: Xi Chuan (Poet/Beijing Normal U/ICCT-PKU); 

                     Paul Pickering (ANU)

 3 月 15 日（周三），March 15 (Wednesday)

地点：朗润园采薇阁地面层会议室

Location: Caiwei Courtyard, Langrun Garden, Ground Level Conference Room

上午 9：30—12：00，9:30 a.m.—12:00 p.m.     

研讨班：张旭东，“文化政治的概念：比较文明论中的普遍-特殊辩证法”

讨论人：中岛隆博；

              Benjamin Jones （澳大利亚国立大学亚太研究院）

Faculty Seminar: Xudong Zhang， “The Concept of Cultural Politics: The Universal and the Particular in Comparative Theory of Civilizations”

Discussants: Takahiro Nakajima; 

                     Benjamin Jones (ANU)

下午 2：00—5：00， 2:00 p.m.—5:00 p.m.

研讨班：平野启一郎

讨论人： 姜涛（北京大学）；

               Todd Foley（纽约大学）

Faculty Seminar: Keiichiro Hirano

Discussants: Jiang Tao (PKU); 

                     Todd Foley (NYU)

3 月 16 日（周四），March 16 (Thursday)

地点：朗润园采薇阁地面层会议室

Location: Caiwei Courtyard, Langrun Garden, Ground Level Conference Room

上午 9：30—12：00，9:30 a.m.—12：00 p.m.     

研讨班：武田将明（东京大学表象文化系）

讨论人：蒋洪生（北京大学比较文学所）；邹羽（重庆大学）

Faculty Seminar: Masaaki Takeda (Univ. of Tokyo) 

Discussants: Jiang Hongsheng (PKU); 

                     Zou Yu (Chongqing Univ.)

下午 2：00—5：00 ，2:00 p.m.—5:00 p.m. 

研讨班：杨立华,庄子《齐物论》释讨论人：中岛隆博； Zhu Yujie （澳大利亚国立大学亚太学院）

Faculty Seminar: Yang Lihua

“An Interpretation of Zhuangzi's Identification of Things”

Discussants: Takahiro Nakajima; 

                     Zhu Yujie (ANU)

3 月 17 日（周五），March 17 (Friday)

上午 9：30—12：00 ，9:30 a.m.—12:00 p.m.

地点：静园二院二楼会议室

研讨班（澳大利亚国立大学学者专场，与北大文研院联合举办）：Paul Pickering, Zhu Yujie, and Benjamin Jones

讨论人： 张旭东、武田将明

Location: PKU Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities & Social Sciences Conference Room, No. 2 Courtyard,

Jingyuan Garden, Room 208

Faculty Seminar: Paul Pickering, Zhu Yujie, and Benjamin Jones, co-sponsored by PKU Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences

Discussants: Xudong Zhang; 

                     Masaaki Takeda

下午 2：00—5：00，2:00 p.m.—5:00 p.m.        

地点：朗润园采薇阁地面层会议室

研讨班：章永乐（北京大学法学院）

评议人：杨立华、谢俊（清华大学中文系－北京大学批评理论中心）

Location: Caiwei Courtyard, Langrun Garden, Ground Level Conference Room

Faculty Seminar: Zhang Yongle (PKU)

Discussants: Yang Lihua; 

                     Xie Jun (Tsinghua Univ./ICCT-PKU)

晚上 7：00-9:00，7:00p.m.—9：00p.m.  

地点：李兆基人文学苑 1 号楼 108 报告厅

公开演讲：翻译中的启蒙与宗教

中岛隆博

组办者：北京大学人文学部，北京大学批评理论中心

主持人：陈晓明（北京大学中文系）

对话嘉宾：安乐哲（北京大学哲学系）；杨立华

Location: Lee Shao-Kee Humanities Complex, No. 1 Building Auditorium

Public Lecture: Enlightenment and Religion in Translation

Takahiro Nakajima, 

co-sponsored by ICCT and PKU Faculty of Humanities

Moderator: Chen Xiaoming (PKU)

Interlocutors: Roger Ames (PKU); Yang Lihua

3 月 18 日（周六），March 18 (Saturday)

上午 9：30—12：00，9:30 a.m.—12:00 p.m.  

静园二院二楼会议室

青年学者工作坊（与文研院联合举办）：Todd Foley（纽约大学）等

讨论人：武田将明等

Location: PKU Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities & Social Sciences Conference Room, No. 2 Courtyard, Jingyuan Garden, Room 208

Junior Scholar Workshop: Todd Foley and others

Discussants: Masaaki Takeda and others

下午 2：00—5：00 ，2:00 p.m.—5:00 p.m.

朗润园采薇阁地面层会议室

公开演讲：猎奇与轻信：乔治·萨玛纳扎的《福尔摩沙变形记》与文化表征问题

武田将明

组办者：北京大学人文学部、批评理论中心

对话嘉宾：Paul Pickering；Todd Foley

Location: Caiwei Courtyard, Langrun Garden, Ground Level

Conference Room

Public Lecture: Curiosity and Credulity: George Psalmanazar’s The

Description  of  Formosa  and the Problem of Cultural Representation

Masaaki     Takeda,     

co-sponsored by PKU Faculty of Humanities and ICCT

Interlocutors: Paul Pickering; Todd Foley

3 月 19 日（周日），March 19 (Sunday)

郊游／参观     Outing

3 月 20 日（周一），March 20 (Monday)

上午 9：30—12：00，9:30 a.m.—12:00 p.m.

静园二院二楼会议室

青年学者工作坊（与北大文研院联合举办）：王钦（纽约大学/北京大学批评理论中心）、吴可（北京大学）

讨论人：吴晓东（北京大学中文系）；

              中岛隆博

Location: PKU Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities &

Social Sciences Conference Room, No. 2 Courtyard,

Jingyuan Garden, Room 208

Junior Scholar Workshop: Qin Wang (NYU/ICCT-PKU); Wu Ke (PKU)

Discussants: Wu Xiaodong (PKU); 

                     Takahiro Nakajima

下午 2：00—5：00，2:00 p.m.—5:00 p.m. 

朗润园采薇阁地面层会议室

学生报告第一场

“文明”袭来：科学、现代与文化危机

“文明”和儒家理念：在《文明论概略》的前与后

东京大学 Yingzi ZHANG

讲述“国民”：明治早期的精神障碍话语分析

东京大学 Erin KITAGAWARA

1900 到 1930 年代的东京旅行指南

东京大学 Qiuyuan Huang

火车、文学和现代性：二十世纪早期中国

北京大学 Nicola ANGELI

评议人：邹羽（重庆大学）；Benjamin Jones

Location: Caiwei Courtyard, Langrun Garden, Ground Level Conference Room

Student Presentations (1)

The Arriving of Civilization: Science, Modern and the Crisis of Culture

“ 文明 ” and the ideal of Confucianism: before and after Fukuzawa Yukichi’s An Outline of The Theory of Civilization

Univ. of Tokyo Yingzi ZHANG

Kokumin: The Discourse of Mental Disorders in Early Meiji 

Univ. of Tokyo Erin KITAGAWARA

Guidebooks of Tokyo from the 1900s to the 1930s

Univ. of Tokyo Qiuyuan HUANG

Trains, Literature and Modernity in China in the   Early 20th Century

PKU Nicola ANGELI

Discussants: Zou Yu; Benjamin Jones

3 月 21 日（周二），March 21 (Tuesday)

朗润园采薇阁地面层会议室

Location:Caiwei Courtyard, Langrun Garden,   Ground Level

Conference Room

上午 9：30—12：00

学生报告第二场

抵抗与革命：东亚现代性的反现代性

文学表达中的“文明”批评

东京大学 Kazuki IMAI

近代思想与鲁迅思想的原点

北京大学 Yaotian SUN

西部中国的“文明”之问——1930 年代的范长江、埃德加﹒斯诺与陈学昭

北京大学 Yalin LUO

战时延安木刻实践与革命中国想象

北京大学 Qing YE

评议人： 高远东 （北京大学中文系）；Jieyu Zhu

9:30a.m.—12:00p.m.

Student Presentations (2) 

Resistance  and    Revolution:  The Anti-Modernity in East Asian Modernity

The Criticism of Civilization as Expression in   Literature

Univ. of Tokyo Kazuki IMAI

The Formation of Modern World and the Origin of Lu Xun’s Thought

PKU Yaotian SUN

Problems of Civilization in Western China: Fan Changjiang, Edgar Snow and Chen Xuezhao in 1930s

PKU Yalin LUO

Yan’an Woodcut Practice In Wartime and The Imagination

of “Revolution China”

PKU Qing YE

Discussants: Gao Yuandong (PKU); Jieyu Zhu

下午 2：00—5：30        

学生报告第三场

文明的后现代镜像：全球化时代的西方与地方

城市空间与“文明”的地方性呈现——对日本战后公共住房工程及其阐释的个案研究

东京大学 Felix E. BORTHWICK

浅析消费资本主义时代的吸血鬼文化

北京大学 Yue PU

村上春树是怎么制成的?——美国影响和日本后现代文学的进化路径

东京大学 Dan SHAO

汇聚或分离——关于中国移民溶入澳大利亚的一个人口学研究

Guan QING

评议人：李放春（重庆大学）；王钦

圆桌／总结

2:00 p.m.—5:30 p.m. 

Student Presentations (3)

Civilization as Postmodern Images: the West and the Local in the Age of Globalization

Urban Space and the Localised Articulation of “Civilization”:

A Case Study of Local Citizen and Politician Interpretations of a Postwar Japanese Public Housing Project

Univ. of Tokyo Felix E. BORTHWICK

The Undead Returns: Vampire Culture in the Era of Consumer Capitalism

PKU Yue PU

The Making of Haruki Murakami:——The Evolution of Postmodern Japanese Literature through the Influence of American Literature

Univ. of Tokyo Dan SHAO

Convergence versus divergence: a demographic perspective on Chinese integration in Australia

Guan QING

Discussants: Li Fangchun (Chongqing Univ.); Qin Wang 

Concluding Roundtable

3 月 22 日（周三），March 22 (Wednesday)

地点： 临湖轩东厅

上午 9：30—12：00     

工作坊（一）：中国研究国际化

下午 2：00—5：00

工作坊（二）：批判的地域研究研讨班全体师生；特邀北大专家

Location: Linhu Pavilion East Wing

9:30a.m.—12:00p.m.         

ICCT Workshop (1): Internationalizing Chinese Studies

2:00 p.m.—5:00 p.m. ICCT Workshop (2): Developing Critical Asian Studies in the Asia-Pacific

下午 6：00，6:00 p.m.

告别晚宴

Farewell Dinner

3月23日（周四），March 23（Thursday） Departure

编辑：陈杨