目录 | 《电化学》2022年第8期文章速览
封面：北京科技大学詹纯课题组致力于开发高性能、长寿命、低成本的动力锂离子电池正极材料，并深入研究其高效储锂以及性能演变的电化学原理。（文献号2112131）
本期收录电化学研究领域各方向的5篇研究论文。扫描或识别二维码，免费查看、下载文献的PDF全文。
王京玥, 王睿, 王诗琦, 王立帆, 詹纯. 一步固相法合成锂离子电池高镍层状正极材料[J]. 电化学, 2022, 28(8): 2112131.
Wang Jing-Yue, Wang Rui, Wang Shi-Qi, Wang Li-Fan, Zhan Chun. Facile One-Step Solid-State Synthesis of Ni-Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2022, 28(8): 2112131.
DOI: 10.13208/j.electrochem.211213
Nickel-rich layered oxide is one of the dominate cathode materials in the lithium ion batteries, due to its high specific energy density meeting the range requirement of the electric vehicles. Typically, the commercial Ni-rich layered oxides are synthesized from co-precipitated precursors, while precision control is required in the co-precipitation process to ensure the atomic level mixing of the cations such as Ni, Co and Mn, et.al. In this work, a one-step solid-state method was successfully applied to synthesize the Ni-rich layered oxide materials with ultra-high Ni content. By choosing the nickel hydroxides as the precursor with layered structure similar to the targeting product, we successfully synthesized LiNiO2 (LNO) and LiNixCoyO2(x = 0.85, 0.9, 0.95; x + y = 1) with the electrochemical performance comparable to NCM prepared from precipitated precursors. It was confirmed by XRD and XPS that Co is doped into LNO and suppresses the Li+/Ni2+ mixing in Ni-rich oxides. The Co dopant exhibits a noticeable advantage in improving the discharge capacity, rate performance and cycle performance. This work provides some perspective that the one-step solid-state method is a promising approach to prepare high-energy ultrahigh-Ni layered oxide cathodes.
李虎东, 贾维尚, 闫新秀, 阳耀月. 定量的复合金属锂作为三维泡沫锂电极用于锂电池的研究[J]. 电化学, 2022, 28(8): 2202051.
Li Hu-Dong, Jia Wei-Shang, Yan Xin-Xiu, Yang Yao-Yue. Quantitative Lithium Composite as 3D Lithium Foam Anode for Lithium Metal Battery[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2022, 28(8): 2202051.
DOI: 10.13208/j.electrochem.2202051
Lithium (Li) metal as an anode material for batteries has extremely high specific capacity and extremely low redox potential, which can significantly improve the energy density of the battery. However, the main problems faced by the use of Li metal anodes are Li dendrite growth, interfacial side reaction and volumetric change of electrode. Herein, a strategy to prepare the three-dimensional (3D) Li foam by combining 3D scaffold with quantitative Li was proposed to suppress Li dendrites growth and alleviate electrode volumetric change. The 3D Li foam facilitated the efficient utilization of Li metal by suppressing the Li dendrite growth, mitigating the volumetric change, and improving the rate performance. Therefore, the cycling lifetime and rate performance of the symmetric cells using the 3D Li foam were improved. The EIS results showed that the 3D Li foam reduced the charge transfer resistance of the symmetric cells. And the average discharge specific capacity of the LTO cell during 1000 cycles was enhanced from 65 mAh·g-1 to 121 mAh·g-1 by using the 3D Li foam.
陈思, 郑淞生, 郑雷铭, 张叶涵, 王兆林. 水热法制备锂电池Si@C负极材料的工艺优化研究[J]. 电化学, 2022, 28(8): 2112221.
Chen Si, Zheng Song-Sheng, Zheng Lei-Ming, Zhang Ye-Han, Wang Zhao-Lin. Optimized Electrochemical Performance of Si@C Prepared by Hydrothermal Reaction and Glucose Carbon Source[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2022, 28(8): 2112221.
DOI: 10.13208/j.electrochem.211222
Silicon (Si) has been considered as the potential material for the next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for its high capacity (4200 mAh·g-1, Li22Si5) and suitable working voltage (about 0.25 V vs. Li/Li+). However, the cycling stability and electrochemical performance of Si anode become significant challenges because of low intrinsic conductivity and huge volume variation (about 400%) during cycling processes. In addition, the repeated formation and destruction of surface solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film will continuously consume the electrolyte and cause damage to LIBs. Carbon (C) materials, such as graphite, carbon spheres and tubes, have been widely applied to ameliorate the conductivity and restrict the volume change of Si anode, which guarantees electrical performance. Especially, a Si@C core-shell structure is preferred to perform a high capacity and relatively good cycle stability. The hydrothermal process has been commonly used to prepare Si@C anodes for LIBs, therefore, it is significant to optimize the preparing conditions to achieve ideal electrochemical performance. In this study, glucose was taken as the carbon source, using the Si waste from the photovoltaic industry as raw materials to prepare Si@C core-shell structure by hydrothermal process. The preparing parameters have been evaluated and optimized, including temperature, reaction time, raw material composition, and mass ratio.
The optimal preparing process was proceeded in the solution with a glucose concentration of 0.5 mol·L-1 and a Si/glucose mass ratio of 0.3. Then, it was treated in a hydrothermal reactor at 190 oC for 9 h. The obtained Si@C anode candidate (Sample CS190-3) was tested with a coin half-cell. The specific capacity after the first cycle reached 3369.5 mAh·g-1, and the remaining capacity after 500 cycles 1405.0 mAh·g-1 in a current density of 655 mAh·g-1. Moreover, for the rate testing, it retained the discharge capacities of 2328.7 mAh·g-1, 2209.8 mAh·g-1, 2007.1 mAh·g-1, 1769.2 mAh·g-1, 1307.7 mAh·g-1 and 937.1 mAh·g-1 at the charge rates of 655 mAh·g-1, 1310 mAh·g-1, 2620 mAh·g-1, 3930 mAh·g-1, 5240 mAh·g-1, and 6550 mAh·g-1, respectively. And it was recovered to 1683.0 mAh·g-1 when the current density was restored to 655 mAh·g-1. In addition, the EIS data revealed that the half-circle radius of the sample obtained by using the optimal conditions (Sample CS190-3) in the low-frequency region was greatly reduced, and the Warburg impedance became the smallest. This work can provide an important approach, and make a significant impact in the preparation of Si/C anode material for LIBs.
甘团杰, 武建平, 刘石, 区文俊, 凌彬, 康雄武. 低结晶度AuPt-Ru/CNTs合金异质结作为高效多功能电催化剂[J]. 电化学, 2022, 28(8): 2201241.
Gan Tuan-Jie, Wu Jian-Ping, Liu Shi, Ou Wen-Jun, Bin Ling, Kang Xiong-Wu. Low-Crystallinity and Heterostructured AuPt-Ru@CNTs as Highly Efficient Multifunctional Electrocatalyst[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2022, 28(8): 2201241.
DOI: 10.13208/j.electrochem.2201241
The catalytic activity of the catalysts is strongly dependent on the structure of the catalysts, and the exploration of their correlation and structure-controlled synthesis of the high-performance catalysts are always at the central. Currently, platinum (Pt) is the optimum catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and alcohol oxidation reaction, while ruthenium (Ru) behaves as the champion catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during water splitting. Preparing alloy catalysts with these precious metals can modulate the catalytic activity of these catalysts from the perspective of strain effect, ensemble effect and ligand effect. Here, we developed a strategy to deposit AuPt alloy as a solid solution phase on amorphous Ru supported on CNTs, thus forming AuPt-Ru heterostructures. The well-defined AuPt-Ru heterostructured catalysts were examined by X-ray diffraction and elemental mapping in high-angle annular dark-field scanning transition electron spectroscopy (HAADF-STEM). As compared to the high crystallinity AuPt alloy, AuPt alloy in AuPt-Ru heterostructure became amorphous, and AuPt-Ru showed superior catalytic activity toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), achieving the mass activity of Pt as high as 21.44 A·mg-1 due to the high tolerance toward the poisoning species. The intermediates species of the EOR were also examined by in-situ FTIR spectroscopy. The stability of the catalysts toward EOR was also excellent and the degradation in the activity of the catalysts was strongly related to the loss of Ru content during the stability test. The heterostructured AuPt-Ru catalysts also exhibited the excellent alkaline HER and OER performances, superior to those of commercial Pt/C and RuO2 catalysts, ascribing to the amorphous state of AuPt-Ru heterostructure, and the modulation by strain and ensemble effects. This work highlights the importance in the design of the multicomponent heterostructures for the synthesis of high-performance and multifunctional electrocatalysts.
罗大娟, 刘冰倩, 覃蒙颜, 高荣, 苏丽霞, 苏永欢. 基于Au/rGO/FeOOH的新型电化学传感器一步检测亚硝酸盐[J]. 电化学, 2022, 28(8): 2110191.
Luo Da-Juan, Liu Bing-Qian, Qin Meng-Yan, Gao Rong, Su Li-Xia, Su Yong-Huan. A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Au/rGO/FeOOH for One-Step Detection of Nitrite[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2022, 28(8): 2110191.
DOI: 10.13208/j.electrochem.211019
亚硝酸盐是一种广泛存在的原料,长期食用会对人体健康不利甚至致癌。因此,简单、灵敏的亚硝酸盐检测方法的开发具有非常重要的意义。本文合成了金/还原氧化石墨烯/羟基氧化铁(Au/rGO/FeOOH)复合材料,并通过SEM、 XRD和EDX等测试进行了材料表征。将合成的复合材料滴涂在氧化氟锡(FTO)电极表面,利用它们的协同催化氧化性能,成功构建了一步检测亚硝酸盐(NO2-)的新型电化学传感器。在最佳优化实验条件下, 通过差分脉冲伏安法实现NO2-的定量检测, 其线性范围为0.001 ~ 5 mmol·L-1, 检出限为0.8 μmol·L-1(S/N = 3), 且响应时间小于2 s。同时, 所制备的传感器表现出良好的选择性和重现性, 也能用于实际样品的测定。
《电化学》（Journal of Electrochemistry，简称J. Electrochem.）1995年由田昭武院士、查全性院士和吴浩青院士等创办，为中国化学会电化学专业委员会会刊，是中国第一个、也是唯一的融基础理论研究与技术应用为一体的电化学专业学术期刊，由中国科学技术协会主管、中国化学会和厦门大学共同主办，2022年变更为月刊，向国内外公开发行。《电化学》旨在及时反映我国电化学领域的最新科研成果和动态，促进国内、国际的学术交流。《电化学》遵循国际通行的办刊惯例，实行主编、副主编负责制，所有刊出稿件均必须经过同行评议。
《电化学》自创刊以来，已分别被北京大学图书馆、中国科学院和中国科技信息研究所遴选为“中国核心期刊”，被Scopus、EBSCO、CA、JST、CNKI、CSCD等国内外重要数据库收录，曾获《中国知识资源总库》精品期刊、华东地区优秀期刊等奖项。
竭诚欢迎广大学术界、产业界科技工作者踊跃投稿和订阅，为本刊献策建议。