15岁登TED舞台，16岁获诺贝尔提名！这个被联合国吹爆的瑞典环保少女到底有多牛？（附视频&演讲稿）
2019年，联合国发了一条微博，大意是：瑞典16岁环保少女Greta Thunberg要去参加纽约的“青年气候峰会”，为了让这段旅程实现无污染无排放，Greta选择坐帆船，花了两周时间在大西洋上航行，最后抵达纽约。
气候变化，已经是一个屡见不鲜的词了。如今气候变化的速度远远超过了人们的想象，极端天气发生的速度也远快于人们的预测。瑞典少女Greta Thunberg，在得知气候变化之后，身体力行地做出了改变，并号召呼吁我们应该行动起来，应对气候变化刻不容缓！
When I was about eight years old, I first heard about something called climate change or global warming. Apparently, that was something humans had created by our way of living. I was told to turn off the lights to save energy and to recycle paper to save resources. I remember thinking that it was very strange that humans, who are an animal species among others, could be capable of changing the Earth s climate. Because if we were, and if it was really happening, we wouldn t be talking about anything else. As soon as you d turn on the TV, everything would be about that. Headlines, radio, newspapers, you would never read or hear about anything else, as if there was a world war going on. But no one ever talked about it. If burning fossil fuels was so bad that it threatened our very existence, how could we just continue like before? Why were there no restrictions? Why wasn t it made illegal?
在我大约八岁时，我第一次听到所谓的 气候变迁或全球暖化。很显然，成因是人类的生活方式。我被告知要随手关灯以节省能源，并要回收纸类以节省资源。我记得当时我觉得这好奇怪，人类作为许多动物物种之一，却有能力改变地球的气候。因为如果我们能做到，如果这种事真的在发生，我们就不会去谈其他事情了。一打开电视看到的应该 通通都是相关节目。头条、广播、报纸，你不应该会读到、听到其他事，就好像有场世界大战正在发生。但，都没有人在谈这件事。如果燃烧化石燃料这么不好，以至于威胁到我们的生存，我们怎能持续以前的做法?为什么没有限制?为什么没有把它归为非法行为?
To me, that did not add up. It was too unreal. So when I was 11, I became ill. I fell into depression, I stopped talking, and I stopped eating. In two months, I lost about 10 kilos of weight. Later on, I was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome, OCD and selective mutism. That basically means I only speak when I think it s necessary - now is one of those moments.
对我来说，这实在不合理。太不真实了。十一岁时，我生病了。我陷入忧郁，我不再说话了，也不吃东西了。两个月里我瘦掉了十公斤。后来，我被诊断出阿斯伯格综合症、 强迫症，以及选择性缄默症。基本上，意思就是说，只有在我认为必要时才会说话—— 像现在就是必要的时刻之一。
For those of us who are on the spectrum, almost everything is black or white. We aren t very good at lying, and we usually don t enjoy participating in this social game that the rest of you seem so fond of.
对于我们这些在自闭症中 成长的人来说，几乎一切都是非黑即白。我们不太擅长说谎，我们通常不太享受参与社交活动，虽然在座的各位似乎乐在其中。
I think in many ways that we autistic are the normal ones, and the rest of the people are pretty strange,
我想，在许多层面上，我们这些自闭症患者才是正常的，其他人都十分奇怪，
especially when it comes to the sustainability crisis, where everyone keeps saying climate change is an existential threat and the most important issue of all, and yet they just carry on like before. I don t understand that, because if the emissions have to stop, then we must stop the emissions. To me that is black or white. There are no gray areas when it comes to survival. Either we go on as a civilization or we don t. We have to change.
特别是在永续性危机的这个议题上，大家都一直在说 气候变迁是持续存在的威胁，且是议题中最最重要的，但他们还是一切照旧。我不理解，因为如果排放必须要停止，那我们就必须要停止排放。对我来说，那就是非黑即白。牵涉到生存时，就没有灰色地带。我们的文明若不是延续下去，就是无法延续。我们必须要改变。
Rich countries like Sweden need to start reducing emissions by at least 15 percent every year. And that is so that we can stay below a two-degree warming target. Yet, as the IPCC have recently demonstrated, aiming instead for 1.5 degrees Celsius would significantly reduce the climate impacts. But we can only imagine what that means for reducing emissions. You would think the media and every one of our leaders would be talking about nothing else, but they never even mention it. Nor does anyone ever mention the greenhouse gases already locked in the system. Nor that air pollution is hiding a warming so that when we stop burning fossil fuels, we already have an extra level of warming perhaps as high as 0.5 to 1.1 degrees Celsius. Furthermore does hardly anyone speak about the fact that we are in the midst of the sixth mass extinction, with up to 200 species going extinct every single day, that the extinction rate today is between 1,000 and 10,000 times higher than what is seen as normal. Nor does hardly anyone ever speak about the aspect of equity or climate justice, clearly stated everywhere in the Paris Agreement, which is absolutely necessary to make it work on a global scale. That means that rich countries need to get down to zero emissions within 6 to 12 years, with today s emission speed. And that is so that people in poorer countries can have a chance to heighten their standard of living by building some of the infrastructure that we have already built, such as roads, schools, hospitals, clean drinking water, electricity, and so on. Because how can we expect countries like India or Nigeria to care about the climate crisis if we who already have everything don t care even a second about it or our actual commitments to the Paris Agreement?
富有的国家，像瑞典，必须要开始减少排放，每年至少减少 15%。这样我们才能维持在 两度的暖化目标之内。但，政府间气候变化 专门委员会近期指出，若把目标改设为摄氏 1.5 度，就能大大降低气候的冲击。但我们只能想象那对于 减少排放的意义是什么。你会以为，媒体和每一位领导人 都应该不谈别的只谈这个议题，但他们甚至从来没有提到它。也没有任何人在谈 已经困在系统中的温室气体。也没人提到空气污染掩饰了暖化，导致当我们停止燃烧化石燃料时，暖化现象其实已经又上升了一些，也许高达摄氏 0.5~1.1 度。此外，也几乎没人会谈到 我们正处在第六次大灭绝中，每一天就有高达 两百种物种面临绝种，现今的绝种率 比起正常值高了一千到一万倍。也几乎没有人在谈平等 或是气候正义的面向，这些在巴黎协定中都有清楚的陈述，有绝对的必要在全球范围内实施。那就表示，富有的国家 必须要在六到十二年间做到零排放，这是依现今的排放速度算出的数据。如此以来，在较贫穷国家的人 就能有机会提高他们的生活水平，让他们可以建立一部分 我们都已经拥有的基础建设，像道路、学校、医院、 干净饮用水、电力等等。因为，我们怎么能期望像印度 或尼日利亚这类的国家 关注气候危机呢?如果我们这些已经拥有一切的人 也都不花时间在乎气候危机 或是我们对于巴黎协议的承诺呢?
So, why are we not reducing our emissions? Why are they in fact still increasing? Are we knowingly causing a mass extinction? Are we evil? No, of course not. People keep doing what they do because the vast majority doesn t have a clue about the actual consequences of our everyday life, and they don t know that rapid change is required. We all think we know, and we all think everybody knows, but we don t. Because how could we? If there really was a crisis, and if this crisis was caused by our emissions, you would at least see some signs. Not just flooded cities, tens of thousands of dead people, and whole nations leveled to piles of torn down buildings. You would see some restrictions. But no. And no one talks about it. There are no emergency meetings, no headlines, no breaking news. No one is acting as if we were in a crisis. Even most climate scientists or green politicians keep on flying around the world, eating meat and dairy. If I live to be 100, I will be alive in the year 2103. When you think about the future today, you don t think beyond the year 2050. By then, I will, in the best case, not even have lived half of my life.
所以，我们为什么 不减少我们的排放?为什么实际上排放反而还在增加?我们是否在故意制造大灭绝?我们很邪恶吗?不，当然不是。大家持续现在的做法 是因为绝大多数人完全没头绪，不知道我们的日常生活 会造成什么后果，也不知道我们需要尽快做出改变。我们都认为我们知道，我们都认为大家知道，但事实上我们并不知道。因为，我们怎么可能知道?如果真的有危机，且如果这个危机 是由我们的排放所造成，人们至少应该看到某些征兆吧?不只是城市被淹没，数万人死亡，还有整个国家被移平，建筑全数损毁。也至少应该看到一些限制吧?但并没有。且没有人在谈这件事。没有紧急会议，没有头条，没有新闻快讯。没有人的行为像是 危机中的人该有的行为。甚至大部分的气候科学家 或绿色政治家 也都飞到世界各地，吃肉类和乳制品。如果我活到一百岁，我会活到 2103 年。现在我们所想的未来 不会超过 2050 年。到时，最好的情况是，我的人生还没过一半。
What happens next? The year 2078, I will celebrate my 75th birthday. If I have children or grandchildren, maybe they will spend that day with me. Maybe they will ask me about you, the people who were around, back in 2018. Maybe they will ask why you didn t do anything while there still was time to act. What we do or don t do right now will affect my entire life and the lives of my children and grandchildren. What we do or don t do right now, me and my generation can t undo in the future. So when school started in August of this year, I decided that this was enough. I set myself down on the ground outside the Swedish parliament. I school striked for the climate. Some people say that I should be in school instead. Some people say that I should study to become a climate scientist so that I can "solve the climate crisis." But the climate crisis has already been solved. We already have all the facts and solutions. All we have to do is to wake up and change. And why should I be studying for a future that soon will be no more when no one is doing anything whatsoever to save that future? And what is the point of learning facts in the school system when the most important facts given by the finest science of that same school system clearly means nothing to our politicians and our society. Some people say that Sweden is just a small country, and that it doesn t matter what we do, but I think that if a few children can get headlines all over the world just by not coming to school for a few weeks, imagine what we could all do together if you wanted to.
接下来会发生什么事?2078 年，我会庆祝 75 岁的生日。如果我有孩子和孙子，也许他们会和我共度那一天。也许他们会向我问起你们，那些活在 2018 年左右的人。也许他们会向我质问，为什么你们不在还有时间 采取行动时做点什么?我们现在的作为与不作为，将会影响我的一生，以及我的孩子、我的孙子的人生。我们现在的作为和不作为，我和我的后代在未来无法还原。所以，今年八月，学校开学时，我决定，我受够了。我自己坐在瑞士国会外面的地上。我为了气候而罢课。有些人说，我该去上学才对。有些人说，我应该 好好读书成为气候科学家，这样我就能去「解决气候危机」。但，气候危机已经被解决了。我们已经有了所有的 事实和解决方案。我们必须做的只是要 醒过来、做出改变。且，当大家都不采取行动 来拯救未来时，我为什么要为一个很快就会 不复存在的未来而读书?且这样做有什么意义呢?在学校体系中学习一些事实，但其实大部分的重要事实，由同样学校体系中 最好的科学所提供的事实，很显然对我们的政治家 和我们的社会都没有任何意义?有人说，瑞典只是个小国家，我们做什么并不重要，但我认为，如果有少数几个孩子 能够上全世界的头条，只透过几周不上学就能做到，那么，想象一下如果我们全部 愿意同心协力，会有多强大?
Now we re almost at the end of my talk, and this is where people usually start talking about hope, solar panels, wind power, circular economy, and so on, but I m not going to do that. We ve had 30 years of pep-talking and selling positive ideas. And I m sorry, but it doesn t work. Because if it would have, the emissions would have gone down by now. They haven t. And yes, we do need hope, of course we do. But the one thing we need more than hope is action. Once we start to act, hope is everywhere.
我的演说已临近尾声，在这时候，讲者通常会开始谈希望，谈太阳能板、风力发电、 循环经济等等，但我不打算那么做。我们已经花了三十年鼓舞士气，传播积极乐观的想法。但很抱歉，那行不通。因为如果行得通，现在的排放量就早已降低了。事实是并没有。确实，我们需要希望，我们当然需要。但比起希望，我们更需要的是行动。一旦我们开始行动，希望就会无所不在。
So instead of looking for hope, look for action. Then, and only then, hope will come.
所以停止祈求希望吧。去追求行动吧。这样，也唯有这么做，希望才会到来。
Today, we use 100 million barrels of oil every single day. There are no politics to change that. There are no rules to keep that oil in the ground. So we can t save the world by playing by the rules, because the rules have to be changed.
现今，我们每天使用一亿桶的石油。没有任何政策去改变这一点。没有制定任何规则限制石油开采。所以，若要拯救世界，我们不能按规则行事，因为那些规则不得不改变。
Everything needs to change -- and it has to start today.
一切都需要改变—— 且必须要从现在开始。
Thank you.
谢谢。
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