中国学者发现集落刺激因子通过诱导单核细胞分化参与三阴性乳腺癌进展
肿瘤相关巨噬细胞是由单核细胞在肿瘤细胞诱导下分化形成的,通常具有M2型巨噬细胞表型。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞浸润在三阴性乳腺癌组织中较为常见,并且其丰度分布与预后不良相关,具体机制不详。
2016年9月6日,国际癌症研究中心官方期刊《国际肿瘤学杂志》在线发表江西省南昌市第三医院和复旦大学附属肿瘤医院丁景弦、郭春根、胡平华、陈军、刘秋明、吴晓波、曹亚丽、吴炅的研究报告,探讨了肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在三阴性乳腺癌维系及其与乳腺癌转移的关系,并在此基础上进一步研究乳腺癌细胞对单核细胞定向分化的调节及其干预措施。
首先,该研究通过分层随机化收集复旦大学附属肿瘤医院三阴性乳腺癌组织标本,采用免疫组化技术分析M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞标记CD163在乳腺癌中的表达分布。通过向培养基中加入集落刺激因子1(CSF1)人为诱导单核细胞株U937分化为M2型巨噬细胞,采用镜下观察形态、RT-PCR及定量RT-PCR鉴定其表型。分别用不同活细胞染料(CMTMR,CMFDA)标记经诱导分化的U937细胞及乳腺癌细胞,利用体外促融合技术(聚乙二醇,PEG1450)辅助融合,通过流式细胞仪荧光激活细胞分选(FACS)融合形成的杂交细胞。通过体内外实验比较融合细胞与其来源乳腺癌细胞相关生物学行为的差异。
其次,该研究通过乳腺癌细胞与U937细胞共培养技术比较不同雌激素受体(ER)状态乳腺癌细胞诱导单核细胞分化能力的差异。为此,该研究利用慢病毒载体系统药物筛选了分别带GFP-PURO和RFP-NEO标记的U937细胞及乳腺癌细胞稳定表达株,模拟单核细胞向肿瘤组织浸润的体内过程,研究不同乳腺癌细胞诱导单核细胞趋化迁移及侵袭能力。采用Bio-Plex多重人细胞因子试剂盒检测了不同ER状态的乳腺癌细胞株单核细胞分化相关细胞因子CSF1的分泌情况。
结果发现:CD163在不同类型乳腺癌组织中的表达存在差异,在ER阴性乳腺癌标本中表达较ER阳性高,而且CD163的表达高低是预后不良的独立因素。经过乙酸盐(PMA)及CSF1的诱导,单核细胞株U937分化成M2型巨噬细胞,表现在形态及免疫表型上表达CD163、CD204。在PEG的辅助下分化的U937细胞与乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-468、MCF-7存在一定的融合现象,经FACS分选出来的杂交细胞在免疫表型及生物特性上同其来源细胞均有一定差异。体外实验表明杂交细胞具有较强的迁移侵袭,而增殖能力较其来源细胞弱。体内实验研究表明,杂交细胞成瘤能力及转移能力较强。在乳腺癌细胞与U937细胞共培养诱导后者定向分化的研究中发现MDA-MB-231细胞能在较短时间(一周)内将U937细胞定向分化为具有M2表型的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞,而MCF-7细胞不具有短期诱导U937细胞分化的能力。通过定量PCR及Bio-Plex多重人细胞因子试剂盒检测发现MDA-MB-231与MCF-7在诱导单核细胞分化的相关细胞因子CSF1表达上存在明显差异,这一结果与其在诱导U937细胞分化的功能上完全吻合。
Int J Oncol. 2016 Sep 6. [Epub ahead of print]
CSF1 is involved in breast cancer progression through inducing monocyte differentiation and homing.
Ding J, Guo C, Hu P, Chen J, Liu Q, Wu X, Cao Y, Wu J.
The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, P.R. China; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.
Despite the great progress in breast cancer research and treatment, measures for efficient targeting of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are still lacking. The well-established dependency of cancer cells on their microenvironment suggests that targeting the tumor niche might form a novel therapeutic approach. We identified the tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration in breast cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry, and analyzed overall survival (OS). U937 co-cultures with MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7, respectively, to simulate in vivo cellular interactions were assessed. In hormone-independent breast cancer cell conditioned media (CM), U937 differentiates into M2 macrophage as identified by morphological changes and expression of specific surface antigens CD163 and CD204. Moreover, MDA-MB-231 recruits U937, and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) level in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 CM is much higher than that of MCF-7. Overexpression of CSF1 in MCF-7 fails to rebuild its aggressiveness both in vitro and in vivo since CSF1 was not found extracellularly, while genetic inhibition of CSF1 in MDA-MB-231 abrogates TAM infiltration and consequently reduces tumorigenesis in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. Using various strategies we demonstrate that CSF1-induced TAMs specifically support breast cancer progression. Importantly, our results may reveal the efficacy of using targeted therapy against tumor niche and indicate that CSF1 inhibition may limit some breast cancer progression.
PMID: 27599777
DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3680