乳腺癌筛查指南变化对医护人员和患者的影响

　　2015年10月，美国癌症学会（ACS）对乳腺癌平均风险女性更新了循证乳腺癌筛查指南。指南对乳腺癌筛查开始年龄、间隔和持续时间进行了重大更改。不久之后，美国预防服务工作组（USPSTF）于2016年1月发布了其最新的乳腺癌筛查指南，于ACS指南并不一致。不同的指南使医护人员和患者尤其是年龄在40～49岁的女性面临挑战。

　　2016年4月1日，美国肿瘤护理学会（ONS）官方期刊《临床肿瘤护理杂志》（CJON）副主编、纽约大学护理学院的艾琳·哈奈特（Erin Hartnett）发表述评，认为许多乳腺癌筛查指南客观存在不同的推荐意见，医护人员必须不断自学新的乳腺癌筛查指南，并能帮助女性根据现有证据以及每个患者的风险因素和个人价值做出明智的决定。

Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2016 Apr 1;20(2):203-5.

Impact of Changes to Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines on Healthcare Providers and Patients.

Hartnett E.

College of Nursing at New York University in New York.

In October 2015, the American Cancer Society (ACS) updated its evidence-based breast cancer screening guidelines for women at average risk for breast cancer. These guidelines introduced significant changes to the age to begin breast cancer screening, as well as the frequency between screenings and duration of screening. Not long afterward, in January 2016, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force released its updated breast cancer screening guidelines, which differ from those of the ACS. The varying guidelines present challenges for healthcare providers and patients, particularly women aged 40-49 years.

At a Glance

• With the American Cancer Society's update of its breast cancer screening guidelines for average-risk women, a major change has occurred regarding the initiation and frequency of screening.

• Many breast cancer screening guidelines, with varying recommendations, exist.

• Nurses must continue to educate themselves on new breast cancer screening guidelines and be able to help women make informed decisions based on the available evidence, as well as each patient's risk factors and personal values.

KEYWORDS: Screening; breast cancer; guidelines; mammography

PMID: 26991715

DOI: 10.1188/16.CJON.203-205