为什么中国重提“持久战”（中英双语）
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编者按：7月30日，政治局会议首次提到“持久战”的说法，引起广泛关注。中国人民大学重阳金融研究院执行院长王文在环球时报英文版第46篇“变局”专栏中表示，中国人还没有到为国家发展取得的成就而沾沾自喜的时候，止步不前更是要不得。这是中国决策层重提“持久战”的重要逻辑。本期人大重阳君为您推荐中文原文、英文版。
本文英文版在环球时报的版面截图
7月30日中共中央政治局召开会议，明确指出“我们遇到的很多问题是中长期的，必须从持久战的角度加以认识”。这是继1938年6月日本侵华战争最惨烈、中国几近亡国灭种时毛泽东写出《论持久战》之后，中国最高决策层时隔82年后重提“持久战”。
很可惜，所有国际媒体似乎爱关注特朗普说了什么，而不关心中国决策层说了什么。我有义务向英文读者解释中国学者眼里的战略逻辑。何况，我去年专著《强国长征路》最初的书名就是《中国崛起持久战》，书中至少四章都讲述“持久战”的内容。
当年，日本发动全面侵华战争已10个月，“中国必亡论”“中国速胜论”在中华大地弥漫。毛泽东系统地总结了抗日战争初期经验，针对两种论调，全面阐述了中国以持久战方式最终获得对日作战胜利的战略信心。
5.6万字的《论持久战》，我读了多遍，每次都有拍案叫绝之感。在当时巨大困难、迷惘、无助甚至面临“亡国灭种”的中华民族至暗的时刻，毛泽东拥有如此战略远见与必胜信念，以清晰与精确的判断与思路，照亮中国最终取得这场伟大抗日战争胜利的未来，实乃中华民族之幸。
溯往千年，中华民族有过漫长的消沉期，毛泽东写《论持久战》时几乎已坠到了谷底。1949年，毛泽东在天安门城楼上宣布“中华人民共和国中央人民政府今天成立了！”不只是有摆脱1840年以来屈辱感的“百年意义”，更有扭转民族颓势的“千年意义”。
但民族复兴难免有曲折的探索，经历了“文化大革命”的十年动乱，中国经济一度进入濒临崩溃的边缘，70多年新中国建设，尤其是40多年改革开放使党和国家在危难中重新奋起，中华民族伟大复兴呈现加速之势。
不过，中国人还没有到为国家发展取得的成就而沾沾自喜的时候，止步不前更是要不得。在激烈的国际竞争中，国家发展如逆水行舟，不进则退。如果说1949年夺取全国胜利，证明了中国共产党人破坏陈旧世界的冲击力；改革开放40多年，证明了中国共产党人还拥有带领中国人建设全新世界的开创力，那么，面对中外博弈与国际竞争进入白热化，新时代的中国发展得更稳更好，才更考验中国共产党人是否拥有带领新时代的中国人塑造美好世界的持续力。我认为，这是中国决策层重提“持久战”的重要逻辑。
在国际形势发生“前所未有之大变局”背景下，中国决策层希望用该词提醒全国官员与民众，对已有的成绩不能妄自菲薄，也须戒骄戒躁。像是当年日本侵华战争时中国社会的两种论调“中国必亡论”、“中国速胜论”是错误的那样，当下的两种论调“中国失败论”“崛起成功论”同样要不得。
全世界都在关心中美关系与中国未来，尤其是关注美国特朗普政府天天都在叫嚣“中国”、刺激中国。相比之下，中国显得更耐心、更平和。这就像一场足球比赛，在胜负未定前，不急躁、不紧不慢地传球寻求机会的那一方往往更有胜算。
当然，我不愿意把中美博弈比做足球赛，我更愿意将其比做没有终点的马拉松。跑马拉松不易，没有终点的马拉松更不容易。
熟悉中国历史的人都知道，从1840年鸦片战争中国人第一次被西方世界打败开始，中国人一代接着一代一直在寻求着民族复兴之路。当下的中国比历史上的任何时期离实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标都更加接近，但要谈真正崛起成功，恐怕还为时尚早。
习近平曾说的，“每一代人有每一代人的长征路，每一代人都要走好自己的长征路。今天，我们这一代人的长征路，就是要实现‘两个一百年’奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦”。从这个角度看，中国并不把美国当作敌人，而是希望把自己当对手，与自己的过去比拼。
特朗普的作用只是再次提醒中国人，国家崛起是一条新长征路。在这条新时代的长征路上，每一个中国人都是国家的主角，都有一份时代的责任，都须继续保持艰苦奋斗、戒骄戒躁的作风，保持时不我待、只争朝夕的精神。
7月30日政治局会议明确指出“我们遇到的很多问题是中长期的，必须从持久战的角度加以认识”
以下为英文版
Why China recalls 'protracted war' history
By Wang Wen
The Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee clearly pointed out that "since many problems we face are long- and medium-term, resolving such problems is like fighting a protracted war," during a meeting held on Thursday.
It has been 82 years since Mao Zedong wrote On Protracted War in June 1938. At that time, China was at its worst time during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and almost subjugated by Japan.
It is sorry to see the international media focus on only what US President Donald Trump says and overlook the voices of China's decision-makers.
When Mao started writing On Protracted War, it had been 10 months since Japan launched an all-round war of aggression against China. There were two dominant arguments: "China's inevitable subjugation" and "China's quick victory."
Mao systematically summed up the experience of the early stage of the war of resistance and comprehensively expounded China's strategic confidence in winning the war by means of protracted war.
In its thousands of years' history, the Chinese nation had a long period of depression and China almost fell to its lowest point in history when Mao started writing On Protracted War.
Therefore, when Mao proclaimed the establishment of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China in 1949, it has not only the "centennial significance" of getting rid of humiliation since 1840 for the country, but also the "millennium significance" of reversing the national decline.
However, it is inevitable that there are twists and turns in the exploration of national rejuvenation. After the turmoil wrought by the Cultural Revolution (1966-76), China's economy was on the verge of collapse. But China has risen again in crisis and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has been accelerating particularly due to the reform and opening-up in the past four decades.
Nevertheless, it is not the time for the Chinese people to be complacent about China's achievements. Nor should Chinese stop moving forward. In the current fierce international competition, a country will fall behind if it doesn't strive to develop. It will be a test of the sustainability of China's development and the CPC's leadership. This is why the decision-makers have recalled the "protracted war" history.
Under circumstances of profound changes unseen in a century, China's decision-makers hope to use the phrase of "protracted war" again to remind the country's officials and ordinary people that they should not belittle their achievements and that they should avoid arrogance and rashness at the same time.
Just like the two theories of "China's inevitable subjugation" and "China's quick victory" that proved themselves wrong during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the current theories of "China's failure" and "China's successful rise" are also unacceptable.
The whole world is concerned about the China-US relations as well as China's future, especially at a time when the Trump administration has been aggressive and keeps provoking China. By contrast, China is more patient and peaceful when dealing with the US. The game is like a soccer match between two well-trained teams where the winner is the one who paces instead of rushes ahead to obtain victory. But actually, the China-US game is more like a marathon with no finishing line in sight.
People familiar with China's history know that the Chinese people have been seeking the road of national rejuvenation from generation to generation since their first ever defeat by Westerners in the Opium War in 1840. Today's China is closer to the goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than any time in history. But it is still too early to talk about China's real rise and success.
Chinese President Xi Jinping once said that each generation has its own "long march" and they should proceed in their own way, noting that the "long march" today is to realize the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation. From this perspective, China regards itself rather than the US as its rival.
Trump's role is only to remind the Chinese once again that the rise of China is a new "long march" in which every Chinese plays a leading role and shoulders the responsibility of the era. Chinese people must continue to preserve the practice of hard work, abandon arrogance and impetuosity, and maintain a spirit that nurtures this notion: Time and tide wait for no man, and one should make the best of every minute.
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人大重阳
中国人民大学重阳金融研究院（人大重阳）成立于2013年1月19日，是重阳投资董事长裘国根先生向母校捐赠并设立教育基金运营的主要资助项目。
作为中国特色新型智库，人大重阳聘请了全球数十位前政要、银行家、知名学者为高级研究员，旨在关注现实、建言国家、服务人民。目前，人大重阳下设7个部门、运营管理4个中心(生态金融研究中心、全球治理研究中心、中美人文交流研究中心、中俄人文交流研究中心)。近年来，人大重阳在金融发展、全球治理、大国关系、宏观政策等研究领域在国内外均具有较高认可度。
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