中国正形成一种新的世界观（中英双语）

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编者按：越来越多的中国人变成全球公民，越来越多的中国企业变成了全球企业。中国人民大学重阳金融研究院执行院长王文在环球时报英文版第53篇“变局”专栏中表示，在过去的两个世纪中，中国人的世界观发生了四个阶段性变化。而世界观的变化，意味着新挑战，更可能意味着新机遇。本期人大重阳君为您推荐英文版、中文译文。

本文英文版在环球时报的版面截图

　　近几个月，我几次给企业界人士授课交流，发现了新的变化。相比前几年大家很关心中美动向，现在，企业家们更关注的是美国以外的世界，比如亚非拉哪些国家投资潜力大？怎么看未来的全球投资布局？“一带一路”哪些国家政局较为稳定？等等。

　　企业家是对社会动向最敏感的群体。中国企业界出现对美国之外的世界的普遍关注，折射了中国人世界观的重大变化。回顾过去200年，中国人的世界观大体有四次实质性的拓展，每一次拓展都基于上一轮的教训，也孕育着下一轮的进步。

　　第一轮可称为“睁眼看世界”，即1840年代鸦片战争失败后，以清末思想家林则徐等为代表，破除原有的“天朝上国”、“华尊夷卑”的观念，发现欧美国家的长处。可惜，那时中国的世界观仍以“天朝”为本，仅仅看到了世界一部分即欧美国家先进的技术而已。

　　第二轮可称为“政体纠结期”，即19世纪下半叶中国屡屡被西方列强欺辱，天朝上国、世界中心自居的心理彻底崩塌，全面转向西方学习。1912年中华民国成立后，有人甚至主张全面复制西方政体。1921年中国共产党成立，主张用马克思主义思想拯救中国。西方，或苏联，中国人面临着抉择。

　　第三轮是“一边倒革命期”。鉴于西方对华经济封锁、外交孤立以及美苏两极对峙，新生的中华人民共和国坚定地站在以苏联为首的社会主义阵营，全面向“苏联老大哥”学习，还主动对“第三世界”民族独立运动给予了无私的支持。此时的美国变成了帝国主义的反面典型。

　　第四轮是“向西方学习”期。改革开放后，邓小平连续访问日本、美国，向全国传递“动员人们虚心学习，迅速掌握世界最新的科学技术”的信号。此后，中国不断从美国、日本、西欧等国家吸引外资、科技与管理经验。西方世界从反面典型变成了崇拜的对象。

　　2008年国际金融危机，“西方神话”逐渐开始走下神坛。特朗普执政，美国“神话”更是变成了“笑话”，中国人在“一带一路”倡议的指引下，开始全面放眼于西方以外的其他国家。

　　在1978年以后的相当长一段时间，一提起“国外”或“世界”，中国人脑海中第一反应都是美欧日等国；提起“与国际接轨”，更多指的是与西方接轨。民众出境旅游，多数都往美国、西欧、日韩等国“挤”；国际问题研究也多聚焦西方。这种以发达国家为中心的“世界观”，造成了长期“世界观”的巨大心理盲区。

　　2013年，“一带一路”倡议极大改变了中国社会、企业、学术的知识与思想变化。人们更多地关注西方以外的区域，如中东、中亚、北非、中东欧、拉美等。据不完全统计，中国已出版内容涉及“一带一路”的图书超过2000种，涵盖历史、政治、法律、经济、文化、文学、艺术等多个学科类别。有关“一带一路”与相关国家的报道超过1000万篇。

　　中国人的出境游、对外投资也出现变化，“一带一路”相关国家越来越成为中国人旅游、投资的目的地。中国出境旅游人数年均超1.3亿人次。泰国、马来西亚、马尔代夫等古代海上丝绸之路的必经之地名列前茅，赴伊朗、土耳其、埃及旅游的增长率远超过欧美等国。中国在非西方世界的对外投资、产能合作、产业园建设也在加快。

　　中国这些战略布局的再均衡，折射了中国国家“世界化”的进程。越来越多的中国人变成全球公民，越来越多的中国企业变成了全球企业。

　　这不只是意味着中国人逐渐让自己内心的全球观变得完整。更重要的是，在心理上，中国与整体世界（而不只是西方）正在全面融合，正在全球层面上（而不只是部分区域）被相互认知、适应与逐渐接纳。

　　中国人这个世界观层面的新变局，意味着新挑战，更可能意味着新机遇。

以下为英文版

New worldview opportunities for China

By Wang Wen

During my lectures to business people in recent months, I have noticed new changes in their attitudes. They were concerned about China-US relations in the past. Now, entrepreneurs care more about the rest of the world. For example, which countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America have more potential for investment? How might the future landscape of the global investment climate look like? Which countries in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) route have stable political situations?

Entrepreneurs are very sensitive to social trends. Hence, the above-mentioned change reflects a major change in Chinese people's worldview. Generally speaking, over the past two centuries, there have been four substantial stages of development. Each development was based on the lessons of the previous stage and fostered the next stage of progress.

During the first stage, Chinese people started to see the outside world. After the first Opium War in the 1840s, Chinese thinkers dispelled the old mind-set of being arrogant - taking aim at the belief that Chinese were superior to foreigners. They instead started to see the strengths of Europe and the US. But it is a pity that Chinese people only glimpsed a part of the world.

During the second stage, when China was bullied by Western powers in the second half of the 19th century, China faced a choice of political systems. After the establishment of the Republic of China (1912-1949), some even advocated to fully copy Western political systems. Instead, the Communist Party of China, founded in 1921, advocated using Marxism to save China. Chinese people faced a choice - the democratic West or the Soviet Union?

In the third stage, Chinese people tilted toward the Soviet Union for revolutionary references. During the West's economic blockade and diplomatic isolation against China, and the US-Soviet Union confrontation, the newly-born People's Republic of China firmly stood in the Soviet Union-led socialist camp. China also gave selfless support to independence movements in the third world.

And in the fourth stage, China started to learn from the West. After the reform and opening-up in 1978, China has attracted foreign investment, technology and management experience from the US, Japan, and Western Europe.

During the 2008 international financial crisis, the myth of the West fell off the pedestal. Now under the Trump administration, the American "myth" has become a "joke." While under the guidance of the BRI, Chinese have now eyed the world with a broader view beyond the West.

For a long time after 1978, when mentioning "abroad" or "the world," Chinese people meant countries like the US, or in Europe, and Japan. When it comes to "connecting with the world," it was more about connecting with the West. Most Chinese people used to prefer to travel abroad to the US, Western Europe, Japan and South Korea. And international studies in China have also focused more on the West. This kind of worldview centered on developed countries has caused a huge psychological blind spot to long-term world values.

The BRI proposed in 2013 has greatly changed the knowledge and thinking of Chinese society, enterprises and academia. Today, Chinese people are paying more attention to regions outside the West, such as the Middle East, Central Asia, North Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America and so on.

Chinese outbound tourism and investment have also evolved. The BRI-related countries are gradually becoming popular destinations for Chinese tourists. Over 130 million Chinese tourists travel abroad every year. Thailand, Malaysia, Maldives and other places located along the ancient Maritime Silk Road are among the top destinations. The growth rate of Chinese tourism to Iran, Turkey and Egypt far exceeds that to Europe and the US. China is also accelerating the pace of its outbound investment, industrial capacity cooperation, and industrial park construction in the non-Western world.

This means that the Chinese are gradually forming a more complete global view. More importantly, China is being fully integrated with the world (not just with the West) as a whole psychologically. China and the world are mutually recognizing, adapting and accepting each other on a global, not just regional, level.

This new change in the worldview of Chinese people means new challenges and, more likely, new opportunities.

（The author is professor and executive dean of Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at Renmin University of China, and executive director of China-US People-to-People Exchange Research Center. His latest book is Great Power's Long March Road.）

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中国人民大学重阳金融研究院（人大重阳）成立于2013年1月19日，是重阳投资董事长裘国根先生向母校捐赠并设立教育基金运营的主要资助项目。

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