斯皮尔伯格2016年哈佛大学演讲
斯皮尔伯格2016年哈佛大学演讲
史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格:美国著名电影导演、编剧和电影制作人，两度获得奥斯卡最佳导演奖，执导的《大白鲨》、《E.T.外星人》与《侏罗纪公园》三次刷新票房纪录。
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=u0304n94yrw&width=500&height=375&auto=0
Thank you, thank you, President Faust, and Paul Choi, thank you so much.
非常感谢，Faust，Paul Choi校长，谢谢你们。
It’s an honor and a thrill to address this group of distinguished alumni and supportive friends and kvelling[吹牛;得意,扬扬得意,自得其乐] parents. We’ve all gathered to share in the joy of this day, so please join me in congratulating Harvard’s Class of 2016.
非常荣幸能被邀请成为哈佛2016年毕业典礼的演讲嘉宾，在众位优秀的毕业生、热情的朋友和诸位家长前做此次演讲。今天我们集聚一堂，祝贺2016届哈佛毕业生顺利毕业。
I can remember my own college graduation, which is easy, since it was only 14 years ago. How many of you took 37 years to graduate? Because, like most of you, I began college in my teens, but sophomore[大二] year, I was offered my dream job at Universal Studios[环球影城], so I dropped out[退学]. I told my parents if my movie career didn’t go well, I’d re-enroll.
我记得我自己的大学毕业典礼，这不难，因为就是14年以前的事情。你们当中的多少人花了37年才毕业？像你们中的多数人一样，我十几岁时进入大学，但是大二的时候我从环球影城获得了我的梦想工作，所以我休学了。我跟我父母说，如果我的电影事业不顺利的话，就再入学。
It went all right. But eventually, I returned for one big reason. Most people go to college for an education, and some go for their parents, but I went for my kids. I’m the father of seven, and I kept insisting on the importance of going to college, but I hadn’t walked the walk[说做就做；付诸行动]. So, in my fifties, I re-enrolled at Cal State[加州州立大学] -- Long Beach[长滩], and I earned my degree.
我的电影事业发展得还行，但是我最后还是回到了学校。很多人为了获得教育去上大学，有的人为了父母上大学，而我是为了我的孩子去上的。我是7个孩子的爸爸，我总是不断强调上大学的重要性，可我自己都没上过。所以在我50多岁的时候，我重新进入加州州立大学长滩分校，获得了学位。
I just have to add: It helped that they gave me course credit in paleontology[古生物学] for the work I did on Jurassic Park[侏罗纪公园]. That’s three units for Jurassic Park, thank you.
我必须补充一点，我获得学位的一个原因是学校为我在《侏罗纪公园》里所做的给了我考古学3个学分。
Well I left college because I knew exactly what I wanted to do, and some of you know, too -- but some of you don’t. Or maybe you thought you knew but are now questioning that choice. Maybe you’re sitting there trying to figure out how to tell your parents that you want to be a doctor and not acomedy writer.
我离开大学是因为我很清楚地知道我想要做什么。你们中的一些人也知道，但是有些人还没弄明白。或者你以为你知道，但是现在开始质疑这个决定。或者你坐在这里，试着想要怎么告诉你的父母，你想要成为一名医生，而不是喜剧编剧。
Well, what you choose to do next is what we call in the movies the ‘character-defining moment.’ Now, these are moments you’re very familiar with, like in the last Star Wars: The Force Awakens[星球大战;原力觉醒], when Rey realizes the force is with her. Or Indiana Jones[夺宝奇兵] choosing mission over fear by jumping over a pile of snakes.
你接下来要做的事情，在我们这行叫做“定义角色的时刻”，这些是你非常熟悉的场景。例如在最近的一部《星球大战：原力觉醒》里女主角Rey发现自己拥有原力的一刻。或者在《夺宝奇兵》里印第安纳·琼斯选择战胜恐惧跳过蛇堆，继续任务的时候。
Now in a two-hour movie, you get a handful of character-defining moments, but in real life, you face them every day. Life is one strong, long string of character-defining moments. And I was lucky that at 18 I knew what I exactly wanted to do. But I didn’t know who I was. How could I? And how could any of us? Because for the first 25 years of our lives, we are trained to listen to voices that are not our own. Parents and professors fill our heads with wisdom and information, and then employers and mentors take their place and explain how this world really works.
一部两个小时的电影里，你会看到很多角色定义时刻，但是现实生活中，你每天都会遇到。人生如戏，人生是一系列强有力的“角色定义时刻”。我很幸运18岁的时候就清楚自己想要做什么，但是我却不清楚“我是谁”。怎么会呢？我们怎么会不知道自己是谁呢？因为我们25岁之前，我们一直都在听取别人的声音，家长、老师向我们灌输智慧和信息，领导、导师以他们的角度告诉我们世界如何运转。
And usually these voices of authority make sense, but sometimes, doubt starts to creep into our heads and into our hearts. And even when we think, ‘that’s not quite how I see the world,’ it’s kind of easier to just to nod in agreement[点头称是] and go along, and for a while, I let that going along define my character.
通常这些权威人物的声音是有道理的，但是有些时候，质疑会爬进你的脑子和心里。就算我们觉得“这好像不太是我看世界的方式”，点头表示赞同也是更容易做的事情，有段时间我就让“附和”定义了我。
Because I was repressing my own point of view, because like in that Nilsson song, ‘Everybody was talkin’ at me, so I couldn’t hear the echoes of my mind.’
因为我压抑了自己的想法，就像尼尔森歌里唱的一样：“每个人都在对我说话，所以我听不见我思考的回声。”
And at first, the internal voice I needed to listen to was hardly audible, and it was hardly noticeable -- kind of like me in high school. But then I started paying more attention, and my intuition kicked in.
起初，我需要听取的内心声音几乎不可闻，很难被注意到，就像我高中时期。但是一旦我开始留意内心所想，直觉就会降临。
And I want to be clear that your intuition is different from your conscience. They work in tandem[唱双(in tandem一前一后地;协力地)], but here’s the distinction: Your conscience shouts, ‘here’s what you should do,’ while your intuition whispers, ‘here’s what you could do.’ Listen to that voice that tells you what you could do. Nothing will define your character more than that.
我想告诉你，你的直觉和你的理智是两个不同的事物。它们会协力工作，但这是它们的不同：你的良心(理智)会呼喊“你应当去做这个”，而你的直觉只会低语“你是可以这样做的”。倾听那个告诉你能怎么去做的声音。没有什么比这更能定义你的角色的了。
Because once I turned to my intuition, and I tuned into it, certain projects began to pull me into them, and others, I turned away from.
当我选择项目时，我会听从我的直觉，全力投入到一些项目中去，而放弃其他。
And up until the 1980s, my movies were mostly, I guess what you could call ‘escapist[逃避现实者].’ And I don’t dismiss any of these movies -- not even 1941. Not even that one. And many of these early films reflected the values that I cared deeply about, and I still do. But I was in a celluloid[电影(胶片)] bubble, because I’d cut my education short, my worldview was limited to what I could dream up in my head, not what the world could teach me.
直到19世纪80年代时，我的电影中的大多数，我猜你们可以称之为“逃避现实”。我不会拒绝任何这些电影的邀约，不只是《1941》。不止那一部，很多早期电影反映了我当时内心的价值观，如今我仍然在这样做。但是我当时处于自己的电影泡沫中，因为我的辍学，我受限的世界观部分来自于我的想象，而不是外界教会我的。
But then I directed The Color Purple[紫色]. And this one film opened my eyes to experiences that I never could have imagined, and yet were all too real. This story was filled with deep pain and deeper truths, like when Shug Avery says, ‘Everything wants to be loved.’ My gut[内脏;肠子;直觉], which was my intuition, told me that more people needed to meet these characters and experience these truths. And while making that film, I realized that a movie could also be a mission.
当我执导《紫色》的时候，这部电影让我体验了我从未想象过、却如此真实的一些感受。这个故事充满了深深的痛苦和更深一步的真理，就像沙戈·艾弗里说“一切渴望被爱”。我的直觉告诉我，更多的人需要来认识这样的角色，来体验这样的真理。通过制作那个电影，我认识到了制作电影可以是一个使命。
I hope all of you find that sense of mission. Don’t turn away from what’s painful. Examine it. Challenge it.
我希望你们所有人都能找到这样的使命感。不要逃避让你痛苦的事情，带着你的使命感去检验它、挑战它。
My job is to create a world that lasts two hours. Your job is to create a world that lasts forever. You are the future innovators, motivators, leaders and caretakers.
我的任务是制作时长两个小时却能改变世界的电影。你们的任务是要建一个会一直持续的世界。你们是未来的创新者、开拓者、引领者和守护者。
And the way you create a better future is by studying the past. Jurassic Park[侏罗纪公园] writer Michael Crichton, who graduated from both this college and this medical school, liked to quote a favorite professor of his who said that if you didn’t know history, you didn’t know anything. You were a leaf that didn’t know it was part of a tree. So history majors: Good choice, you’re in great shape...Not in the job market, but culturally.
你们开启光明未来的方法是学习历史。《侏罗纪公园》的编剧Michael Crichton，毕业于哈佛医学院，经常引用他最喜欢的一位教授说过的话“如果你不懂历史，你就一无所知。”就如同你是一片树叶却不自知作为树木一部分的角色。所以历史专业的学生们，从历史和文化的角度来讲，你们做了很棒的选择，虽然工作上并没有明显优势。
The rest of us have to make a little effort. Social media that we’re inundated[淹没] and swarmed with[充满;挤满] is about the here and now. But I’ve been fighting and fighting inside my own family to get all my kids to look behind them, to look at what already has happened. Because to understand who they are is to understand who we were, and who their grandparents were, and then, what this country was like when they emigrated[移民;移居] here. We are a nation of immigrants -- at least for now.
我们剩下的人就需要多做出些努力。淹没和吞噬我们的社交媒体只关乎当下。但是我自己和家人都不断尝试，让我所有的孩子们能透过这些，去看过去发生过的事情。因为要知道他们是谁，就要去理解他们曾经是谁，他们的祖父母是谁，以及当他们移民到这个国家来的时候，这个国家到底是什么样。我们是一个移民国家——至少现在还是。
So to me, this means we all have to tell our own stories. We have so many stories to tell. Talk to your parents and your grandparents, if you can, and ask them about their stories. And I promise you, like I have promised my kids, you will not be bored.
对我来说，这意味着我们每个人都有自己的故事可讲，都有很多故事可讲。如果可以的话，和你的父母、祖父母聊聊天，听听他们的故事，我保证，就像我向我的孩子保证的一样，一定收获颇丰，绝对不会无聊。
And that’s why I so often make movies based on real-life events. I look to history not to be didactic[说教的;教诲的], ‘cause that’s just a bonus, but I look because the past is filled with the greatest stories that have ever been told. Heroes and villains[恶棍;反派] are not literary constructs, but they’re at the heart of all history.
这就是为什么我经常拍摄那些根据真实故事改编的电影。我去了解历史不是为了方便说教，当然这是额外的好处，我之所以用心探究历史是因为过往的岁月中包含了太多还不为人知的伟大故事。英雄和反派从来就不只是文学构想，他们就是历史的核心所在。
And again, this is why it’s so important to listen to your internal whisper. It’s the same one that compelled Abraham Lincoln and Oskar Schindler to make the correct moral choices. In your defining moments, do not let your morals be swayed by[为..所左右/影响] convenience or expediency[私利]. Sticking to your character requires a lot of courage. And to be courageous, you’re going to need a lot of support.
所以，这就是为什么倾听你内心的低语非常重要。这与驱使亚伯拉罕·林肯和奥斯卡·辛德勒去做正确的道德选择的东西是一样的。在属于你的“定义角色的时刻”里，不要让你的道德被便利或者私利左右。忠于你的角色需要很多的勇气和来自家人朋友的支持。
And if you’re lucky, you have parents like mine. I consider my mom my lucky charm[幸运符;护身符]. And when I was 12 years old, my father handed me a movie camera, the tool that allowed me to make sense of this world. And I am so grateful to him for that. And I am grateful that he’s here at Harvard, sitting right down there.
如果你足够幸运，你会有父母的支持，像我一样。我把母亲看做我的幸运女神。12岁时，我父亲给了我一个电影摄像机，也是因为有了这个，我可以更好的去感知这个世界，我很感谢我的父亲。现在我很感激父亲也来到哈佛坐在这里。
My dad is 99 years old, which means he’s only one year younger than Widener Library[怀德纳图书馆]. But unlike Widener, he’s had zero cosmetic[装饰性的;化妆的;美容的] work. And dad, there’s a lady behind you, also 99, and I’ll introduce you after this is over, okay?
我父亲今年99岁了，只比怀德纳图书馆（哈佛最大的图书馆今年100年）年轻1岁，但是不像这个图书馆可以翻新，父亲已容颜苍老。另外，父亲，在你身后有一位99岁的女士，这结束之后我会介绍她，好吗？
But look, if your family’s not always available, there’s backup. Near the end of It’s a Wonderful Life -- you remember that movie, It’s a Wonderful Life? Clarence the Angel inscribes a book with this: “No man is a failure who has friends.” And I hope you hang on to[紧紧抓住;紧握] the friendships you’ve made here at Harvard. And among your friends, I hope you find someone you want to share your life with.
如果你的家人并不总是支持你，还有B计划。在《美丽人生》的结尾，克拉伦斯在一本书上题写了这句话：“只要你还有朋友，就并非孤立无援。”我希望你们会珍惜在哈佛建立的这些友谊。而在你的朋友之中，我希望你们找个能分享你生活的另一半。
I imagine some of you in this yard may be a tad[一点儿,有些小] cynical[愤世嫉俗的;冷嘲的], but I want to be unapologetically[毫无歉意地] sentimental[伤感的;多愁善感的;感情用事的]. I spoke about the importance of intuition and how there’s no greater voice to follow. That is, until you meet the love of your life. And this is what happened when I met and married Kate, and that became the greatest character-defining moment of my life.
(...)我一直在强调直觉的重要性，而它也应当成为你生活中最重要的声音，直到你遇见一生挚爱。当我遇见Kate和她结婚时，我体会到了这一点，这也成为我生命中最重要的“角色定义时刻”。
Love, support, courage, intuition. All of these things are in your hero’s quiver[箭筒;箭囊], but still, a hero needs one more thing: A hero needs a villain to vanquish[征服;击败]. And you’re all in luck. This world is full of monsters. And there’s racism[种族主义], homophobia[同性恋歧视], ethnic hatred, class hatred, there’s political hatred, and there’s religious hatred.
爱、支持、勇气、直觉，所有这些东西都是成为英雄需要的，但是成为英雄还需要一样东西：战胜恶棍。你们都是幸运的，这个世界有很多“怪兽”，比如种族歧视、对同性恋的歧视、种族仇恨、阶级仇恨、政治仇恨、宗教仇恨等。
As a kid, I was bullied -- for being Jewish[犹太人]. This was upsetting, but compared to what my parents and grandparents had faced, it felt tame[平淡的;乏味的]. Because we truly believed that anti-Semitism[反犹太主义] was fading. And we were wrong. Over the last two years, nearly 20,000 Jews have left Europe to find higher ground. And earlier this year, I was at the Israeli[以色列] embassy when President Obama stated the sad truth. He said: ‘We must confront the reality that around the world, anti-Semitism is on the rise. We cannot deny it.’
还是孩子的时候，我因为是犹太人而被欺负。这让人丧气，但是与我父母和祖父母曾经面对的事情比起来，这很平淡。我们都真正相信反犹太运动正在衰退，但我们错了。在过去两年间，有大约两万犹太人离开欧洲寻找生存之地。今年早些时候，我在以色列大使馆听奥巴马总统陈述了一个悲惨的现实。他说：“反犹太运动的增势发生在全球各地，这是我们需要面对的事实。我们不能否认它。”
My own desire to confront that reality compelled me to start, in 1994, the Shoah Foundation. And since then, we’ve spoken to over 53,000 Holocaust[大屠杀] survivors and witnesses in 63 countries and taken all their video testimonies[证据]. And we’re now gathering testimonies from genocides[种族灭绝] in Rwanda[卢旺达], Cambodia[柬埔寨], Armenia and Nanking. Because we must never forget that the inconceivable doesn’t happen -- it happens frequently. Atrocities[暴行] are happening right now. And so we wonder not just, ‘When will this hatred end?’ but, ‘How did it begin?’
我正视这一事实的强烈愿望驱使我从1994年成立了大屠杀真相基金会，从那以后我们采访了63个国家5.3万名大屠杀的幸存者或目击者，录制了他们所有人的证词。现在我们还在收集卢旺达、柬埔寨、亚美尼亚以及南京大屠杀的证词。因为我们永远都不要忘记那些难以想象的罪恶会发生，并且时有发生。暴行也仍在发生。所以我们不能只去想“仇恨什么时候才会停止？”，而是要想“它是怎么开始的？”。
Now, I don’t have to tell a crowd of Red Sox[红袜队(美国职棒大联盟棒球队名)] fans that we are wired for tribalism[部落文化;部落制]. But beyond rooting for[支持;赞助;为…加油] the home team, tribalism has a much darker side. Instinctively[本能地] and maybe even genetically, we divide the world into ‘us’ and ‘them.’ So the burning question must be: How do all of us together find the ‘we?’ How do we do that? There’s still so much work to be done, and sometimes I feel the work hasn’t even begun. And it’s not just anti-Semitism that’s surging -- Islamophobia[伊斯兰恐惧症]’s on the rise, too. Because there’s no difference between anyone who is discriminated against, whether it’s the Muslims, or the Jews, or minorities on the border states, or the LGBT community -- it is all big one hate.
现在，我不得不告诉Red Sox的粉丝，我们厌烦部落主义。除了为主队加油外，部落主义也有其黑暗的一面。由于基因，我们把世界分为“我们”和“他们”。因此。目前亟待解决的问题是：我们如何团结起来寻找所谓的“我们”？我们如何做这件事？这仍需要我们做更多努力做更多工作，有时我感觉这项工作甚至从未开始。不仅是反犹太主义正在高涨，伊斯兰恐惧也正在高涨。被歧视的任何人没有区别，都是因为“仇恨”，无论是穆斯林、犹太人、边境的少数民族还是同性恋群体。
And to me, and, I think, to all of you, the only answer to more hate is more humanity. We gotta repair -- we have to replace fear with curiosity. ‘Us’ and ‘them’ -- we’ll find the ‘we’ by connecting with each other. And by believing that we’re members of the same tribe. And by feeling empathy for every soul -- even Yalies[耶鲁大学学生(或毕业生)].
对我来说，我想对你们也一样，只能用更多的人性来对抗更多的仇恨。我们需要修护，用好奇来替代恐惧。不排斥异己，我们通过建立人与人的联系来找到共同的“我们”。我们要相信我们是同一个部落的成员。我们对所有的人都要有同情心——哪怕对“友校”耶鲁人也要如此。
My son graduated from Yale, thank you …
我的儿子就是从耶鲁毕业的，谢谢你……
But make sure this empathy isn’t just something that you feel. Make it something you act upon. That means vote. Peaceably protest. Speak up for those who can’t and speak up for those who may be shouting but aren’t being hard. Let your conscience shout as loud as it wants if you’re using it in the service of others.
但总而言之，同情心不应该只停留在感知层面，而是要将其付诸行动，为那些不能为自己发声或者已经声嘶力竭却无法让人注意的人发声。让你的良知大声疾呼吧，尽你所能地服务他人。
And as an example of action in service of others, you need to look no further than this Hollywood-worthy backdrop[背景] of Memorial Church[纪念教堂]. Its south wall bears the names of Harvard alumni -- like President Faust has already mentioned -- students and faculty members, who gave their lives in World War II. All told, 697 souls, who once tread the ground where stand now, were lost. And at a service in this church in late 1945, Harvard President James Conant -- which President Faust also mentioned -- honored the brave and called upon the community to ‘reflect the radiance[辐射;光辉;发光] of their deeds.’
作为为他人服务的行动榜样，你只需要看看这像好莱坞背景一般的纪念教堂。它的南墙上是哈佛校友们的名字，福斯特校长已经说过，他们是在第二次世界大战中献身的哈佛学生和教师们。697个人，他们曾经在你站着的地方逗留过，697条生命逝去。在1945年纪念教堂举行的追思会上，柯南特校长纪念这些勇敢的人们，并号召哈佛人身上要“反射出他们壮举的荣光”。
Seventy years later, this message still holds true. Because their sacrifice is not a debt that can be repaid in a single generation. It must be repaid with every generation. Just as we must never forget the atrocities[暴行], we must never forget those who fought for freedom. So as you leave this college and head out into the world, continue please to ‘reflect the radiance of their deeds,’ or as Captain Miller in Saving Private Ryan would say, “Earn this.”
70年后，这句话仍然适用。因为他们所做出的牺牲不是一代人就能报答的。每一代人都应该报答他们。就像我们永远不该忘记那些恶行，我们永远也不应当忘记那些为自由而战的人。所以当你离开这所学校进入世界，请继续“反射出他们壮举的荣光”，或者像《拯救大兵瑞恩》里米勒上尉说的“别辜负大家”。
And please stay connected. Please never lose eye contact. This may not be a lesson you want to hear from a person who creates media, but we are spending more time looking down at our devices than we are looking in each other’s eyes. So, forgive me, but let’s start right now. Everyone here, please find someone’s eyes to look into. Students, and alumni and you too, President Faust, all of you, turn to someone you don’t know or don’t know very well. They may be standing behind you, or a couple of rows ahead. Just let your eyes meet. That’s it. That emotion you’re feeling is our shared humanity mixed in with a little social discomfort.
此外，请保持彼此的联系，别避而不见。这可能不是你想从一个创作媒体的人这里听的一课，但是我们花越来越多的时间低头看手机，而不是注视别人的眼睛。所以请原谅我，现在所有人，请找一双眼睛深刻凝视。学生们、校友们都是，福斯特校长、你们所有人，转向一位你不认识或者不熟悉的人，对视，仅此而已。你所感受到的使我们共同拥有的人性，混进去了一丝社交不适感。
But, if you remember nothing else from today, I hope you remember this moment of human connection. And I hope you all had a lot of that over the past four years. Because today you start down the path of becoming the generation on which the next generation stands. And I’ve imagined many possible futures in my films, but you will determine the actual future. And I hope that it’s filled with justice and peace.
如果你今天别的什么都没记住，我希望你能记住这一刻人与人之间的联系。我希望过去四年中，你们经历了很多的这样的时刻。因为从今天开始，你们会像前辈一样，托举起下一辈人。我在我的电影里幻想过很多种不同的未来，但是你们会决定未来的实际样子。我希望，这样的未来充满公正与和平。
And finally, I wish you all a true, Hollywood-style happy ending. I hope you outrun the T. rex[暴龙], catch the criminal and for your parents’ sake, maybe every now and then, just likeE.T.[外星人(Extra Terrestrial)]: Go home. Thank you.
最后，我祝愿大家好莱坞式的大团圆结局成真。祝你们能跑过暴龙、抓住罪犯，为了你们的父母，也别忘了像E.T.那样常回家看看。谢谢。
英文原文：http://t.cn/R5bXoII
中文翻译1：http://t.cn/R54dn95
中文翻译2：http://t.cn/R5LblhX
中文翻译，仅供参考。