#巩俐身材#上热搜 什么是body shame?
今天，巩俐近照被媒体曝光，#巩俐身材#相关话题瞬间登上热搜榜单并且热度持续不减。而一起上热搜的还有一个词条“body shame”，什么是“body shame”呢？我们一起来学习下。
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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
3 things you don't think are forms of body shaming, but actually are
INSIDER
Body shaming is seemingly never-ending — if you have a body, you've probably felt that it's been subject to scrutiny or commentary at some point, especially given that we live in a society with narrow beauty ideals and an insidious diet culture.
身体羞辱似乎是永无休止的 - 只要是个人，你可能在某些时候就感觉到身材受到了密切关注或评论，特别是考虑到我们生活在一个具有狭隘美的理想环境及其隐含的饮食文化的社会中。
body shaming
有译为“身材攻击”或者“身体羞辱”，直白地说就是因为身材而羞辱他人，知乎网友@vanessayu将其定义为“对他人或自己的体重、身体尺寸或是外表表示任何形式的不恰当的负面的言论或态度”。词典解释：the action or practice of humiliating someone by making mocking or critical comments about their body shape or size.
never-ending
表示“永无止境的，没完没了的”，英文解释为“Something that is never-ending never ends or seems as if it will never end.”举个🌰：
Housework is a never-ending task.
家务活做起来真是没完没了。
🎬电影《模范贱兄弟》（Role Models）中的台词提到：Fighting a never-ending war to control the realm. 为了各自的疆域彼此征战不休。
subject to
1）表示“受…支配；服从于”，英文解释为“under the authority of sth/sb”举个🌰：
All nuclear installations are subject to international safeguards.
一切核设施均须执行国际防护措施。
2）表示“取决于；视…而定”，英文解释为“depending on sth in order to be completed or agreed”举个🌰：
The article is ready to publish, subject to your approval.
那篇文章准备好了，可以发表，就等你批准了。
3）表示“可能受…影响的；易遭受…的”，英文解释为“likely to be affected by sth, especially sth bad”举个🌰：
Flights are subject to delay because of the fog.
由于有雾，航班可能延误。
🎬电影《鹰眼》（Eagle Eye）中的台词提到：Unattended luggage is subject to collection and search by the airport police. 无人看管的行李会被机场警方托收并检查。
scrutiny
scrutiny /ˈskruːtɪnɪ/表示“细看，仔细审查”，英文解释为“the careful and detailed examination of something in order to get information about it”举个🌰：
His private life came under media scrutiny.
他的私生活开始受到媒体的密切关注。
insidious
insidious /ɪnˈsɪdɪəs/ 表示“潜伏的；隐袭的；隐伏的；暗中为害的”，英文解释为“spreading gradually or without being noticed, but causing serious harm”举个🌰：
The changes are insidious, and will not produce a noticeable effect for 15 to 20 years.
变化是悄然发生的，15到20年间不会产生明显效果。
🎬电影《灵书妙探》（Castle）中的台词提到：within the vast and insidious conspiracy behind all this, 其背后巨大狡猾的阴谋中。
Plenty of body shaming is overt, even when it comes from a seemingly well-meaning place. Yes, body shaming is often veiled as a compliment, especially since we live in a society that values weight loss and thinness as something everyone should be striving for.
即使看似出于善意，许多身体羞辱也是很明显的。是的，身体羞辱往往被掩饰成一种赞美，尤其是我们生活在一个将减肥瘦身视为每个人都应该努力追求的方向的社会。
overt
overt /ˈəʊvɜːt/ 表示“公开的，不加隐瞒的；明显的”，英文解释为“actions are done publicly, without trying to hide anything”，如：an overt attempt to silence their political opponents 他们想压制政敌言论的明显企图。
反义词：
📍covert /ˈkʌvət/：secret or hidden 秘密的；隐藏的；暗中的
well-meaning
表示“善意的；好心的（但却常事与愿违）”，英文解释为“If you say that a person or their actions are well-meaning, you mean that they intend to be helpful or kind but they are unsuccessful or cause problems.”举个🌰：
I know he's well meaning, but I wish he'd leave us alone.
我知道他是好心，但我希望他能别管我们。
veil /veɪl/
作动词，表示“遮掩；掩饰；隐藏；笼罩”，英文解释为“to cover sth with sth that hides it partly or completely”举个🌰：
Thick fog veiled the city.
浓雾笼罩着城市。
补充：
📍veiled /veɪld/ 作形容词，表示“含蓄的；掩饰的”，英文解释为“not expressed directly or clearly because you do not want your meaning to be obvious”如：a thinly veiled threat 几乎不加掩饰的威胁，a veiled reference 含蓄的指称，举个🌰：
She made a veiled reference to his past mistakes.
她含蓄地提到了他过去所犯的错误。
📺美剧《权利的游戏》（Game of Thrones）第五季中的台词提到：至于你暗示的威胁... As for your veiled threats...
📺美剧《吸血鬼日记》（The Vampire Diaries）第八季中的台词提到：- a veiled analogy. - Oh, they're all compelled. - 含糊解释下 - 反正他们都被控制了。
The truth is that bodies come in all shapes and sizes, and that all bodies are valuable no matter what they look like or how healthy they are. But that doesn't mean many of us aren't subject to subtle or inadvertent shaming even by those closest to us … or that we aren't accidentally shaming others without realizing it, too.
事实是，每个人体形各异，不管看起来是什么样子或者健康程度如何，所有体形都是有价值的。但这并不意味着我们很多人不会受到微妙的或不经意的羞辱，甚至来自于那些最亲近我们的人......亦或我们不会无意中羞辱别人而不自知。
inadvertent
表示“非故意的，无意的”，英文解释为“not intentional”举个🌰：
All authors need to be wary of inadvertent copying of other people's ideas.
所有作者都需注意不要在无意中抄袭了他人的观点。
Here are 3 things you don't think of as body shaming, but actually are.
这里有3件你不认为是身体羞辱，但实际上它们是的事情。
◉"I feel so fat today."“我感觉今天好胖”
In a society that values thinness, fat shaming exists in a dizzying amount of ways, because thanks to print and media advertising, as well as social media, we are constantly sent messages that being fat is the worst thing a person can be.
在这个重视瘦身的社会里，肥胖羞辱的方式层出不穷，令人眼花缭乱，因为得益于印刷和媒体广告以及社交媒体，我们不断地被传递这样的信息：胖是一个人最糟糕的事情。
Fat people are often treated differently by doctors, employers, and those disguising their commentary as well-meaning concerns about "health," and it's become so normalized to view fat as a negative that many of us use it that way to describe a day where we don't love our bodies.
胖子往往会受到医生、雇主以及那些把他们的评论当作是出于“健康”的善意关心的人的不同对待，而且把胖子看作是负面的已经变得非常正常，以至于我们很多人都用这种方式来形容我们不喜欢自己身材的日子。
disguise
disguise /dɪsˈɡaɪz/表示“伪装；掩蔽；掩饰”，英文解释为“If you are in disguise, you are not wearing your usual clothes or you have altered your appearance in other ways, so that people will not recognize you.”举个🌰：
You'll have to travel in disguise.
你将不得不乔装出行。
📍替换上文的veil一词。
🎬电影《墨水心》（Inkheart）中的台词提到：That's why we disguise ourselves as black jackets. Let's go. 所以我们才需要用黑上衣来伪装 我们走吧。
We all have days when we don't like the way we look, or when we've eaten more than usual and feel uncomfortably full, but using "fat" as a negative perpetuates the myth that being fat or having fat on your body is a bad thing, when research continues to prove that healthy bodies exist at all sizes.
我们都有不喜欢自己外表的时候，或者当我们吃得比平时多，感到不舒服的饱腹感时，但把“肥胖”作为负面的东西，助长了长胖或者身上有脂肪是不好的事情这一错误观念的延续，而研究不断表明各种体型都有健康的。
perpetuate
perpetuate /pəˈpɛtjʊˌeɪt/ 表示“使永久化；使持久化；使持续”，英文解释为“to make sth such as a bad situation, a belief, etc. continue for a long time”如：to perpetuate injustice 持续造成不公正。
📺美剧《我为喜剧狂》（30 Rock）第二季中的台词提到文中的两个词，perpetuate和stereotype：I don't want to perpetuate any black stereotypes. 字面意思：我不想加深任何黑人的成见；字幕组处理为：我不想听这些陈词滥调。
⚠️区分：perpetrate /ˈpɜːpətreɪt/ 表示“犯（罪）；做（错事）；干（坏事）”（to commit a crime or do sth wrong or evil），如：to perpetrate a crime/fraud 犯罪/行骗。
📍 perpetrator /ˈpɜːpətreɪtə(r)/表人，指的是“作恶者；犯罪者”，英文解释为“someone who does something morally wrong or illegal”。
📺美剧《疑犯追踪》（Person of Interest）的片头经典台词就有一句：But victim or perpetrator, if your number is up, we'll find you.（但无论是受害人还是行凶者,只要你的号码被列出来，我们就会找到你。）
Also, fat is not a feeling. It's simply a measure of body size.
另外，胖不是一种感觉，它只是衡量身材的一个标准。
◉"You're so brave" for exercising or wearing certain clothes 你在运动或穿某些衣服“真勇敢”
People whose bodies fall outside the societal standards of beauty face criticism no matter what they choose to do or wear, simply by existing in the world. Fat people are constantly told they should just "work out" and "lose weight," and then, they are told they're "brave" for stepping foot in a gym. But people of all body types work out for all kinds of reasons (like that it makes them feel strong or powerful) — the same way that people of all body types don't or can't work out for all kinds of reasons.
身材不在社会美学标准之内的人，无论选择做什么、穿什么，只要存在于这个世界上，就会面临批评。胖子们经常被告知他们应该“锻炼”和“减肥”，然后，当他们踏进了健身房时就会被说“勇气可嘉”。但是，各种体型的人都会因为各种原因而锻炼（比如这让他们觉得自己很强壮或很有力量）--同样，各种体型的人也会因为各种原因不锻炼或不能锻炼。
step foot in
更常用的是set foot in，表示“踏进；进入；涉足于”，英文解释为“to go to a place”举个🌰：
He refuses to set foot in an art gallery.
他不愿去美术馆。
Similarly, calling someone brave for wearing a crop top or something that shows some skin implies that dressing in a certain way in spite of body size is an act of bravery when people should be allowed to wear whatever they want.
同样，称某人穿了一件露脐装或露出一些肌肤“勇敢”，意味着在人们应该被允许穿任何他们想穿的东西的时候，不顾身材而以某种方式穿着是一种“勇敢”的行为。
crop top
表示“露脐装”，英文解释为“a piece of clothing for a woman's top half that does not cover her stomach”；
类似的，在Netflix为新片宣传道歉文中也出现过露脐装的表达：“in midriff-baring uniforms”，其中，midriff /ˈmɪdrɪf/ 表示“腹部；肚子”，英文解释为“the middle part of the body between the chest and the waist”；bare作动词，表示“使赤裸；使暴露；除去…的覆盖物”，英文解释为“to take away the thing that is covering something so that it can be seen”。
Fashion and clothes shopping is already a minefield because many mainstream brands carry limited sizing options, so finding something that makes you feel confident is hard enough on its own for plenty of people — without being applauded for their "bravery."
时装购物已是雷区，因为很多主流品牌的尺码选择有限，对于很多人来说，找到让自己感到自信的东西本身就很不容易了--不需要为他们的“勇敢”而喝彩。
minefield
表示“（雷区似的）危险形势；隐藏着问题和危险的事物”，英文解释为“a situation or subject that is very complicated and full of hidden problems and dangers”如：a legal minefield 法律上的雷区，a minefield of ethical problems 伦理问题的雷区。
◉"You're not fat, you're beautiful."“你不胖，你很漂亮”
Suggesting that someone can't be fat and beautiful just helps perpetuate the thought that only thin is attractive when that is simply untrue.
暗示一个人不可能既胖又漂亮，只会助长只有瘦才有吸引力的观点，而这根本是不对的。
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