英国考虑将大熊猫送回中国
近日，由于疫情造成的财政压力，爱丁堡动物园可能不得不将英国仅有的一对大熊猫“甜甜”和“阳光”送回中国。
据了解，动物园方与中方签订的10年合同即将到期，租赁费用约为每年100万英镑。
无注释原文：
Edinburgh zoo may have to send giant pandas back to China
The Guardian
Edinburgh zoo's giant pandas may have to return to China next year at the end of its 10-year contract with the Chinese government, due to financial pressures.
The Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, which runs Edinburgh zoo and the Highland Wildlife Park, faced enormous financial pressure when it was forced to close for three months during the summer.
It costs about £1m a year to lease a mating pair. David Field, the society’s chief executive, said the charity would have to “seriously consider every potential saving” including its contract for two giant pandas, Yang Guang and Tian Tian.
Field said: “The closure of Edinburgh zoo and Highland Wildlife Park for three months due to Covid-19 has had a huge financial impact on our charity because most of our income comes from our visitors.
“Although our parks are open again, we lost around £2m last year and it seems certain that restrictions, social distancing and limits on our visitor numbers will continue for some time, which will also reduce our income.
“We have done all we can to protect our charity by taking a government loan, furloughing staff where possible, making redundancies where necessary and launching a fundraising appeal. The support we have received from our members and animal lovers has helped to keep our doors open and we are incredibly grateful.”
The zoo was not eligible for the government’s zoo fund, which was aimed at smaller zoos.
Field added: “We have to seriously consider every potential saving and this includes assessing our giant panda contract and the cost of their daily care. At this stage, it is too soon to say what the outcome will be. We will be discussing next steps with our colleagues in China over the coming months.”
The zoo is part of a number of conservation projects, including a scheme to reintroduce Scottish wildcats. However, Field said projects such as that may also have to be scrapped because of Brexit and being unable to apply for EU grants.
He said: “We received a £3.2m grant from the EU Life programme to support our Saving Wildcats partnership project, which aims to restore wildcats in Scotland by breeding and releasing them into the wild.
“Wildcats are on the brink of extinction in Britain and this is the last hope for the species’ survival.
“As we are no longer part of the European Union, our charity is no longer eligible to apply for funding from programmes like EU Life, which have proven critical for our wildlife conservation work and wider efforts to protect animals from extinction.
“We have a leading conservation genetics laboratory at Edinburgh Zoo which supports conservation projects around the world, and suddenly access to both funding and other researchers for this cutting-edge science has disappeared.
“While the full impact is yet to be seen, we are also facing increased challenges around moving animals between zoos, many of which are part of important European endangered species breeding programmes.”
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
Edinburgh zoo may have to send giant pandas back to China
The Guardian
Edinburgh zoo's giant pandas may have to return to China next year at the end of its 10-year contract with the Chinese government, due to financial pressures.
由于财政压力，爱丁堡（Edinburgh）动物园的大熊猫可能不得不在明年与中国政府的10年合同结束后返回中国。
contract
1）作名词，表示“合同；契约”，英文解释为“a legal document that states and explains a formal agreement between two different people or groups, or the agreement itself”如：a contract of employment 雇用合同。
2）作动词，熟词僻义，表示“染（重病）”，英文解释为“If you contract a serious illness, you become ill with it.”如：to contract a virus/a disease 感染病毒/疾病。
🎬电影《震荡效应》（Concussion）中的台词提到：of contracting a brain related injury such as dementia, Alzheimer's, depression or CTE? 造成相关的大脑损伤，如痴呆、阿尔茨海默氏症，抑郁症，或CTE？
The Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, which runs Edinburgh zoo and the Highland Wildlife Park, faced enormous financial pressure when it was forced to close for three months during the summer.
经营爱丁堡动物园和高地野生动物公园的苏格兰皇家动物协会在夏季被迫关闭三个月，面临着巨大的财政压力。
It costs about £1m a year to lease a mating pair. David Field, the society's chief executive, said the charity would have to “seriously consider every potential saving” including its contract for two giant pandas, Yang Guang and Tian Tian.
租用一对大熊猫每年要花费约100万英镑。该协会的首席执行官大卫·菲尔德（David Field）说，机构将不得不“认真考虑每一个潜在的节约事项”，包括两只大熊猫“阳光”和“甜甜”的合同。
lease
表示“租借，租用”，英文解释为“to make a legal agreement by which money is paid in order to use land, a building, a vehicle, or a piece of equipment for an agreed period of time”举个🌰：
The building's 60 units are currently leased to students of the university.
这栋楼里的60个单元目前租给了这间大学的学生。
mate
mate作动词，表示“（使）交配；交尾”，英文解释为“to have sex and produce young, or to make animals do this”。
society
熟词僻义，表示“组织；社团；协会”，英文解释为“an organization to which people who share similar interests can belong”，如：the school debating society 学校辩论协会。
Field said: “The closure of Edinburgh zoo and Highland Wildlife Park for three months due to Covid-19 has had a huge financial impact on our charity because most of our income comes from our visitors.
菲尔德说“爱丁堡动物园和高地野生动物公园因疫情关闭三个月，对我们的机构产生了巨大的财务影响，因为我们的大部分收入来自我们的游客。”
“Although our parks are open again, we lost around £2m last year and it seems certain that restrictions, social distancing and limits on our visitor numbers will continue for some time, which will also reduce our income.
“虽然我们的公园再次开放，但我们去年损失了约200万英镑，似乎可以肯定的是，出行限制、保持社交距离和游客数量限制将持续一段时间，这也将减少我们的收入。”
“We have done all we can to protect our charity by taking a government loan, furloughing staff where possible, making redundancies where necessary and launching a fundraising appeal. The support we have received from our members and animal lovers has helped to keep our doors open and we are incredibly grateful.”
“我们已经尽一切努力保护我们的机构，包括向政府贷款，在可能的情况下强制员工休假，在必要的情况下进行裁员，并发起募捐倡议。我们从会员和动物爱好者那里得到的支持有助于保持我们大门的敞开，我们非常感谢。”
furlough
furlough /ˈfɜːləʊ/ 柯林斯词典给出的上榜释义是：a temporary laying-off of employees, usually because there is insufficient work to occupy them. 指的是临时性裁员，通常是因为没有足够的工作可做。
furlough本身作名词表示“（员工或军人的）休假，探亲假”，英文解释为“a period of time that a worker or a soldier is allowed to be absent, especially to return temporarily to their own town or country”。
作动词，表示“准许…休假；强制…休假”，英文解释为“to allow or force someone to be absent temporarily from work”，举个🌰：
After safety concerns, the company furloughed all 50 of its employees.
出于安全考虑，该公司强制所有的50名雇员休假。
📍2020年4月份，经济学人（The Economist）的一篇讲述美国公司裁员的文章中，标题即为：From “you're fired” to “you're furloughed”（从“你被解雇了”到“你被强制休假了”）。
redundancy
表示“失业，被解雇，被裁减”，英文解释为“a situation in which someone loses their job because their employer does not need them”举个🌰：
She took voluntary redundancy.
她选择了自愿裁汰。
fundraising
表示“募捐；（尤指）慈善捐款”，英文解释为“the act of collecting or producing money for a particular purpose, especially for a charity”举个🌰：
The dinner is a fundraising event for the museum.
这次晚宴是博物馆的一次募捐活动。
The zoo was not eligible for the government's zoo fund, which was aimed at smaller zoos.
该动物园没有资格获得政府的动物园基金，该基金是针对小型动物园的。
eligible
1）表示“有资格的”，英文解释为“Someone who is eligible to do something is qualified or able to do it, for example, because they are old enough.”举个🌰：
Only those over 65 are eligible for the special payment.
只有65岁以上的人才有资格领取这项专款。
2）还有一个好玩的意思，表示“（指结婚对象）令人中意的；合意的，合适的”，英文解释为“An eligible man or woman is not yet married and is thought by many people to be a suitable partner.”举个🌰：
He's the most eligible bachelor in Japan.
他是日本最令人中意的单身汉。
🎬电影《我要当警察》（Observe And Report）中的台词提到：There are several tests to complete in order to be eligible for police academy 想要进警校 得通过几项测试。
Field added: “We have to seriously consider every potential saving and this includes assessing our giant panda contract and the cost of their daily care. At this stage, it is too soon to say what the outcome will be. We will be discussing next steps with our colleagues in China over the coming months.”
菲尔德补充说：“我们必须认真考虑每一个潜在的节约事项，这包括评估我们的大熊猫合同和它们的日常护理成本。现阶段，说结果如何还为时过早。我们将在未来几个月内与中国的同事讨论下一步的措施。”
The zoo is part of a number of conservation projects, including a scheme to reintroduce Scottish wildcats. However, Field said projects such as that may also have to be scrapped because of Brexit and being unable to apply for EU grants.
该动物园是一系列保护项目的一部分，包括一项重新引进苏格兰野猫的计划。不过，菲尔德表示，由于英国脱欧（Brexit）以及无法申请欧盟拨款，这样的项目可能也不得不取消。
conservation
表示“（对动植物、自然地区、历史建筑等的）保护”，英文解释为“the protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and interesting and important structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effects of human activity”如：wildlife conservation 野生生物保护，a conservation area 保护区。
scrap
1）表示“废弃；取消；抛弃；报废”，英文解释为“to cancel or get rid of sth that is no longer practical or useful”举个🌰：
They had been forced to scrap plans for a new school building.
他们已被迫撤销了建筑新校舍的计划。
2）表示“打架”，英文解释为“to fight with sb”举个🌰：
The bigger boys started scrapping.
年龄较大的男孩打了起来。
📍2019年9月份，经济学人（The Economist）的一篇讲述美国政府拟撤销奥巴马时期甲烷排放规定的文章中，就以「Energy companies are divided over a plan to scrap methane-emission rules」为题，用到了scrap这个词。
而在引言（unwind Obama-era environmental regulations）中则用unwind来替换scrap这一含义。
📍unwind一词表示“解开；放松”，英文解释为“To undo (a financial arrangement or position) through the neessary legal or financial steps. If you unwind a length of something that is wrapped around something else or around itself, you loosen it and make it straight. You can also say that it unwinds.”举个🌰：
One of them unwound a length of rope from around his waist. 他们中的一个人解开绕在他腰间的一条绳子。
grant
表示“（尤指政府为特殊目的给予个人或组织的）拨款，补助金”，英文解释为“an amount of money given especially by the government to a person or organization for a special purpose”如：a student/research grant 助学金/研究拨款，a local authority/government grant 当地行政机构/政府拨款。
He said: “We received a £3.2m grant from the EU Life programme to support our Saving Wildcats partnership project, which aims to restore wildcats in Scotland by breeding and releasing them into the wild.
他说，“我们收到了来自欧盟生命计划的320万英镑拨款，以支持我们的拯救野猫合作项目，该项目旨在通过繁殖和放归野外来恢复苏格兰的野猫。”
“Wildcats are on the brink of extinction in Britain and this is the last hope for the species' survival.
“野猫在英国濒临灭绝，这是该物种生存的最后希望。”
brink
表示“（新的、危险的，或令人兴奋的处境的）边缘，初始状态”，英文解释为“if you are on the brink of sth, you are almost in a very new, dangerous or exciting situation”，如：on the brink of collapse/war/death/disaster 濒于崩溃/战争/死亡/灾难。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述外国企业在印度投资的文章中提到：In an epic tale of value-destruction, the company now teeters on the brink of bankruptcy, weighing on Vodafone Group, its British corporate parent. 经历了如此漫长而悲壮的价值毁灭故事，该公司现在濒临破产边缘，也拖累了英国母公司沃达丰集团（Vodafone Group）。
extinction
表示“灭绝；绝种”，英文解释为“a situation in which something no longer exists”举个🌰：
The extinction of the dinosaurs occurred millions of years ago.
恐龙灭绝于数百万年前。
“As we are no longer part of the European Union, our charity is no longer eligible to apply for funding from programmes like EU Life, which have proven critical for our wildlife conservation work and wider efforts to protect animals from extinction.
“由于我们不再是欧盟（European Union）的一部分，我们的机构不再有资格从欧盟生命等计划中申请资金，事实证明，这些计划对我们的野生动物保护工作和保护动物免遭灭绝的更广泛努力至关重要。”
“We have a leading conservation genetics laboratory at Edinburgh Zoo which supports conservation projects around the world, and suddenly access to both funding and other researchers for this cutting-edge science has disappeared.
“我们在爱丁堡动物园（Edinburgh Zoo）有一个领先的保护遗传学实验室，支持世界各地的保护项目，突然间，这种获得前沿科学资金和其他研究人员的机会都消失了。”
cutting-edge
cutting-edge表示“尖端的，前沿的”，英文解释为“Cutting-edge techniques or equipment are the most advanced that there are in a particular field.”举个🌰：
What we are planning is cutting-edge technology never seen in Australia before.
我们正在筹划的是澳大利亚前所未见的尖端技术。
🎬电影《像素大战》（Pixels）中的台词提到：I'm thinking this is a cutting-edge multinational enterprise. 我想是某先进跨国组织干的。
📍state-of-the-art表示“（技术上）最先进的”，英文解释为“If you describe something as state-of-the-art, you mean that it is the best available because it has been made using the most modern techniques and technology.”
📍leading edge表示“（某活动领域的）最重要位置，领先地位；（尤指技术上的）前沿，尖端”，英文解释为“The leading edge of a particular area of research or development is the area of it that seems most advanced or sophisticated.”如：at the leading edge of scientific research 在科学研究的前沿。
“While the full impact is yet to be seen, we are also facing increased challenges around moving animals between zoos, many of which are part of important European endangered species breeding programmes.”
“虽然全部影响尚未显现，但我们也面临着围绕在动物园之间转移动物的更多挑战，其中许多动物是重要的欧洲濒危物种繁殖计划的一部分。”
endangered
endangered表示“有危险的；濒临灭绝的”，英文解释为“in danger of being harmed, lost, unsuccessful, etc.”，如：endangered wildlife 濒危野生动物，endangered birds/plants/species 濒危鸟类/植物/物种。
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