我们为什么那么喜欢吃瓜？
听说，今天有一个三千万顶流的瓜要爆。结果那边刚承认有小孩，这边来一个否认恋情，律师函警告......各种大瓜来挡刀，都没有等到三千万大瓜的实锤。
⚠️理智吃瓜，学习为重。
借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），我们来看看今日心理学（Psychology Today）的文章，讲的是为啥我们热衷于吃瓜，喜欢看明星八卦新闻，我们该怎么做。很有意思的文章，画风清奇，值得一看。
无注释原文：
Why Do We Yearn for Celebrity News?
Psychology Today
Why do people yearn for celebrity news? At least some of the hunger centers around schadenfreude -- having joy from the suffering of others. People often act as if joy is dependent on achieving material gain. Seeing people that seem to "have it all" suffer (going through divorce, substance abuse, mental illness, etc.), momentarily shatters that illusion. And then people can think, "Perhaps it's OK that I don't have my own television show, and own three yachts and four mansions."
(And then when things go well for celebrities, there is the voyeurism and fantasy part. People tend to be more interested in the more "attractive" celebrities, right? And yet another reason I think we are interested in celebrities is that we have the illusion that we know them. We get to know their characters as they deal heroically with their on-screen challenges. Our knowledge of a character's life stops when the movie ends. Since our curiosity to know more about the character is frustrated, we want to at least know about the actor.)
Let's chat a bit more about schadenfreude and related concepts. If you've been alive a couple of decades, you've certainly seen plenty of examples illustrating that money does not bring happiness. But what does bring happiness? One of the keys involves learning to fully attend to and enjoy the present moment -- not just learning this as information, but, through practice, developing the skill of living mindfully in this moment.
Other keys to happiness involve developing the skill of compassion and loving kindness. This may seem odd to readers: developing a skill of compassion? Don't you just have or not have compassion? There are some types of meditation derived from Buddhist traditions that are designed to cultivate compassion and loving kindness. Functional MRI scans and EEG tests of monks adept in this type of meditation show unprecedented activity in the left prefrontal cortex of the brain --- an area associated with happiness.
The four related traits cultivated by these types of meditation practices are termed: loving kindness, equanimity, compassion, and sympathetic joy. Pertinent to the beginning of this blog entry, sympathetic joy is the exact opposite of schadenfreude -- with sympathetic joy, we derive joy from the joy of others. Think of a close family member doing well and notice the joy you feel -- that is sympathetic joy. To develop more sympathetic joy, when something good happens to another person, say to yourself, "I'm happy for you. May your good fortune continue. May your good fortune grow." Prior to saying phrases such as these, you might remember when something great happened to a loved one.
When a person is suffering (celebrity or not), you can practice a compassion meditation. Close your eyes and imagine a scene that naturally brings forth compassion, such as hugging a loved one, holding a baby, or being in the presence of a spiritual figure. Then imagine saying to the person suffering, "May you be free from suffering," or "May your suffering ease."
I am not suggesting that schadenfreude is horrible or evil. All of us, at one time or another (and often somewhat unconsciously), felt schadenfreude. However, when we feel compelled to read and listen to the suffering of others, we have a choice: via schadenfreude be very transiently relieved, or cultivate the qualities of empathetic joy, compassion, equanimity, and loving kindness that will bring long term happiness.
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
Why Do We Yearn for Celebrity News?
Psychology Today
Why do people yearn for celebrity news? At least some of the hunger centers around schadenfreude -- having joy from the suffering of others. People often act as if joy is dependent on achieving material gain. Seeing people that seem to "have it all" suffer (going through divorce, substance abuse, mental illness, etc.), momentarily shatters that illusion. And then people can think, "Perhaps it's OK that I don't have my own television show, and own three yachts and four mansions."
为什么人们对名人新闻充满渴望？至少有一部分的渴望是围绕着幸灾乐祸--从他人的痛苦中获得快乐--来的。人们常常表现得好像快乐依赖于获得物质利益。看到那些看起来“拥有一切”的人受苦（经历离婚、嗑药、精神疾病等），瞬间打破了这种幻想。然后人们就会想，“也许我没有自己的电视节目，没有三艘游艇、四栋豪宅也没关系”。
yearn for
表示“渴望；渴求”，英文解释为“to want sth very much, especially when it is very difficult to get”举个🌰：
He yearned for freedom.
他渴望自由。
schadenfreude
schadenfreude /ˈʃɑːdnfrɔɪdə/ 来源德语，表示“幸灾乐祸”，英文解释为“a feeling of pleasure at the bad things that happen to other people”。
material
表示“物质的，实际的（非精神需求的）”，英文解释为“connected with money, possessions, etc. rather than with the needs of the mind or spirit”如：material comforts 物质享受，changes in your material circumstances 物质环境的改变。
momentarily
表示“短促地；片刻地；立即；马上”，英文解释为“for a very short time；very soon; in a moment”举个🌰：
He paused momentarily.
他稍作停顿。
shatter
表示“ （使感情、希望或信念等）粉碎，破灭；被粉碎；被破坏”，英文解释为“to destroy sth completely, especially sb's feelings, hopes or beliefs; to be destroyed in this way”举个🌰：
Her self-confidence had been completely shattered.
她的自信心彻底崩溃了。
illusion
表示“错误的观念；幻想”，英文解释为“a false idea or belief, especially about sb or about a situation”举个🌰：
I have no illusions about her feelings for me.
我对她跟我的感情不抱什么幻想。
mansion
表示“大厦；宅邸”，英文解释为“A mansion is a very large house.”如：an eighteenth-century mansion 一座18世纪的大厦。
(And then when things go well for celebrities, there is the voyeurism and fantasy part. People tend to be more interested in the more "attractive" celebrities, right? And yet another reason I think we are interested in celebrities is that we have the illusion that we know them. We get to know their characters as they deal heroically with their on-screen challenges. Our knowledge of a character's life stops when the movie ends. Since our curiosity to know more about the character is frustrated, we want to at least know about the actor.)
（当名人的一切都很顺利时，就会出现刺探他人隐私和幻想（造谣）的了。人们往往对那些更“有魅力”的名人更感兴趣，对吧？而我认为我们对名人感兴趣的另一个原因是，我们有一种我们了解他们的错觉。我们了解他们的角色，因为他们英勇地应对他们在屏幕上的挑战。当电影结束时，我们对一个角色的生活的了解就停止了。既然我们想了解更多关于角色的好奇心受挫，我们至少想了解这个演员）。
voyeurism
voyeurism /ˈvwɑːjɜːɪzəm, ˈvɔːɪ-/ 表示“刺探他人隐私的行为”，英文解释为“If you describe someone's behaviour as voyeurism, you disapprove of them because you think they enjoy watching other people's suffering or problems.”
frustrate
表示“阻止；防止；挫败”，英文解释为“to prevent sb from doing sth; to prevent sth from happening or succeeding”举个🌰：
The rescue attempt was frustrated by bad weather.
拯救行动因天气恶劣受阻。
Let's chat a bit more about schadenfreude and related concepts. If you've been alive a couple of decades, you've certainly seen plenty of examples illustrating that money does not bring happiness. But what does bring happiness? One of the keys involves learning to fully attend to and enjoy the present moment -- not just learning this as information, but, through practice, developing the skill of living mindfully in this moment.
我们再来聊一聊幸灾乐祸及相关概念。如果你已经活了几十年，你肯定见过很多例子，说明金钱并不能带来幸福。但什么能带来幸福呢？其中一个关键是学会完全关注和享受当下--不仅仅是把这些作为信息来学习，而是通过实践，培养出用心活在当下的技能。
Other keys to happiness involve developing the skill of compassion and loving kindness. This may seem odd to readers: developing a skill of compassion? Don't you just have or not have compassion? There are some types of meditation derived from Buddhist traditions that are designed to cultivate compassion and loving kindness. Functional MRI scans and EEG tests of monks adept in this type of meditation show unprecedented activity in the left prefrontal cortex of the brain --- an area associated with happiness.
幸福的其他关键还包括培养同情心和爱心的技能。这在读者看来可能很奇怪：培养同情心的技能？你不就是有无同情心吗？从佛教传统中衍生出来的有一些冥想方法，就是为了培养同情心和爱心。擅长这种冥想的僧侣的功能核磁共振扫描和脑电图测试显示，大脑左前额叶皮层的活动前所未有---而该区域与人的幸福相关。
compassion
表示“同情；怜悯”，英文解释为“a strong feeling of sympathy for people who are suffering and a desire to help them”。
meditation
表示“冥想；沉思；深思”，英文解释为“the practice of thinking deeply in silence, especially for religious reasons or in order to make your mind calm”
Buddhist
作名词，表示“佛教徒”，英文解释为“A Buddhist is a person whose religion is Buddhism.”作形容词，表示“佛教的”，英文解释为“Buddhist means relating or referring to Buddhism.”如：Buddhist monks 和尚。
MRI
表示“磁共振成像；核磁共振成像”，英文解释为“magnetic resonance imaging (a method of using a strong magnetic field to produce an image of the inside of a person's body)”
EEG
electroencephalogram的缩写，表示“脑电图”，英文解释为“the abbreviation for ‘electroencephalogram’ (a medical test that measures and records electrical activity in the brain)”。
adept
adept /əˈdɛpt/ 表示“娴熟的”，英文解释为“Someone who is adept at something can do it skilfully.”举个🌰：
He's usually very adept at keeping his private life out of the media.
他通常十分擅长于使他的私生活远离媒体。
🎬电影《太空堡垒卡拉狄加：利刃》（Battlestar Galactica Razor）中的台词提到：And since it's so adept at mimicking human feeling, 既然它能如此逼真地模仿人类情感
unprecedented
表示“史无前例的，空前的；绝无仅有的”，英文解释为“never having happened or existed in the past”举个🌰：
This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale.
环境在本世纪遭到了空前的破坏。
🎬电影《星运里的错》（The Fault in Our Stars）中的台词提到：You are so busy being you that you have no idea how utterly unprecedented you are. 你太忙于做自己 都没有意识到自己是那么的令人心动。
The four related traits cultivated by these types of meditation practices are termed: loving kindness, equanimity, compassion, and sympathetic joy. Pertinent to the beginning of this blog entry, sympathetic joy is the exact opposite of schadenfreude -- with sympathetic joy, we derive joy from the joy of others. Think of a close family member doing well and notice the joy you feel -- that is sympathetic joy. To develop more sympathetic joy, when something good happens to another person, say to yourself, "I'm happy for you. May your good fortune continue. May your good fortune grow." Prior to saying phrases such as these, you might remember when something great happened to a loved one.
这些冥想练习所培养的四种相关特质被称为：慈悲喜舍。与本篇博文的开头相关，随喜与幸灾乐祸完全相反--有了随喜之心，我们从他人的喜悦中获得快乐。想一想一位亲密的家人做得不错的事情，然后注意下你所感受到的喜悦--这就是随喜。为了培养更多的随喜之心，当别人有好事情发生时，对自己说：“我为你高兴。愿你好运不断。愿你好运多多。”在说这样的话之前，你可以回忆一下亲人有好事发生的时刻。
trait
表示“特征，特性，品质”，英文解释为“a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour”举个🌰：
His sense of humour is one of his better traits.
具有幽默感是他更讨人喜欢的特点之一。
term
熟词僻义，作动词，表示“把…称为；把…叫做”，英文解释为“to use a particular name or word to describe sb/sth”举个🌰：
At his age, he can hardly be termed a young man.
到了这个年纪，他称不上是年轻人了。
相关背景
此处的loving kindness, equanimity, compassion, and sympathetic joy指的是佛教中的“四梵住”（brahmavihārās），又译四梵行，即是修行与实践慈、悲、喜、舍四种心境。
· Loving-kindness (Pāli: mettā, Sanskrit: maitrī) is active good will towards all;
· Compassion (Pāli and Sanskrit: karuṇā) results from metta, it is identifying the suffering of others as one's own;
· Empathetic joy (Pāli and Sanskrit: muditā): is the feeling of joy because others are happy, even if one did not contribute to it, it is a form of sympathetic joy;
· Equanimity (Pāli: upekkhā, Sanskrit: upekṣā): is even-mindedness and serenity, treating everyone impartially.
pertinent
表示“有关的；恰当的；相宜的”，英文解释为“appropriate to a particular situation”举个🌰：
Please keep your comments pertinent to the topic under discussion.
请勿发表与讨论主题无关的言论。
When a person is suffering (celebrity or not), you can practice a compassion meditation. Close your eyes and imagine a scene that naturally brings forth compassion, such as hugging a loved one, holding a baby, or being in the presence of a spiritual figure. Then imagine saying to the person suffering, "May you be free from suffering," or "May your suffering ease."
当一个人遭受不幸时（不管是不是名人），你可以练习同情冥想。闭上眼睛，想象一个自然而然能让人产生同情心的场景，比如拥抱所爱之人，抱着婴儿，或者出现在圣人面前。然后想象对不幸的人说：“愿你脱离苦难”，或“愿你的苦难得到缓解”。
I am not suggesting that schadenfreude is horrible or evil. All of us, at one time or another (and often somewhat unconsciously), felt schadenfreude. However, when we feel compelled to read and listen to the suffering of others, we have a choice: via schadenfreude be very transiently relieved, or cultivate the qualities of empathetic joy, compassion, equanimity, and loving kindness that will bring long term happiness.
我并不是说幸灾乐祸是可怕的或邪恶的。我们所有人，都曾经（而且往往是有些无意识地）感受过幸灾乐祸。然而，当我们感到不得不阅读和倾听他人的痛苦时，我们有一个选择：通过幸灾乐祸得到非常短暂的缓解，或者培养慈悲喜舍的品质，从而带来长期的幸福。
compel
表示“强迫；迫使；使必须”，英文解释为“to force sb to do sth; to make sth necessary”举个🌰：
The law can compel fathers to make regular payments for their children.
这项法律可强制父亲定期支付子女的费用。
transiently
形容词transient，表示“短暂的；转瞬即逝的；倏忽”，英文解释为“Transient is used to describe a situation that lasts only a short time or is constantly changing.”如：the transient nature of high fashion 最新时尚转瞬即逝的特点。
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