美国支持日本福岛污水入海决定
今天，日本政府召开会议，正式决定将福岛核电站超过100万吨核污水排入大海。
无注释原文：
U.S. Friends Join China in Ripping Japan Plan on Fukushima Water
The Guardian
South Korea joined China in opposing Japan’s plan to release radioactive water from the wrecked Fukushima Dai-Ichi nuclear power plant into the Pacific Ocean starting in about two years.
The two Asian governments, all with coastlines nearby, swiftly criticized Japan’s announcement Tuesday that it would conduct controlled releases that are expected to last for several decades. South Korea said the move posed a risk to the marine environment and the safety of neighboring countries, while China said it reserved the right to take further action.
“Despite doubts and opposition from home and abroad, Japan has unilaterally decided to release the Fukushima nuclear wastewater into the sea before exhausting all safe ways of disposal and without fully consulting with neighboring countries and the international community,” Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian told reporters in Beijing. “This is highly irresponsible.”
The U.S., on the other hand, said the approach appeared to be in line with global standards while the head of the International Atomic Energy Agency said the global body would help ensure the plan is carried out “without an adverse impact on human health and the environment.”
“Disposing of the treated water is an unavoidable issue for decommissioning the Fukushima nuclear power plant,” Japan Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga said.
The decision ends years of debate over how to dispose of the water, which is enough to fill more than 500 Olympic-sized swimming pools. It has been leaking into the reactors that suffered core meltdowns after an earthquake and tsunami in 2011.
The U.S. backing comes as Suga prepares to become the first foreign leader to hold an in-person summit with President Joe Biden in Washington ahead of a climate conference, where Japan may announce new 2030 emissions reduction targets. To meet its vow to be carbon neutral by 2050, some government officials contend Japan will need to restart almost every nuclear reactor it shuttered in the aftermath of the 2011 meltdowns, and then build more.
“We thank Japan for its transparent efforts in its decision to dispose of the treated water from the Fukushima Daiichi site,” U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken said on Twitter.
Discharges are common practice in the industry, and Japan has said the releases will meet global guidelines. A panel within Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry recommended last year the water be released into the ocean or evaporated. The proposal stipulated that any water released into the environment must be re-purified and diluted to meet standards, and that the discharges take place over decades, according to a December 2019 report from METI.
While Tokyo Electric Power Co. Holdings Inc. cycles in water to keep fuel and debris cool at the Fukushima site, fresh groundwater flows in daily and becomes contaminated. That water is pumped out and cleaned in a process that removes most of the radioactive elements except for tritium. Then it’s stored in one of roughly 1,000 tanks at the site, which are forecast to be full by mid-2022.
Greenpeace criticized Japan’s plan to release the treated Fukushima water into the ocean and said there are other options that should be considered.
“Rather than using the best available technology to minimize radiation hazards by storing and processing the water over the long term, they have opted for the cheapest option, dumping the water into the Pacific Ocean,” the group said.
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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
U.S. Friends Join China in Ripping Japan Plan on Fukushima Water
The Guardian
South Korea joined China in opposing Japan's plan to release radioactive water from the wrecked Fukushima Dai-Ichi nuclear power plant into the Pacific Ocean starting in about two years.
韩国和中国一起反对日本计划从大约两年后开始将福岛第一核电站废墟中的放射性水排放到太平洋中。
radioactive
表示“放射性的”，英文解释为“Something that is radioactive contains a substance that produces energy in the form of powerful and harmful rays. ”举个🌰：
The government has been storing radioactive waste at Fernald for 50 years.
该政府50年来一直在弗纳德储存放射性废物。
wrecked
wrecked /rekt/ 表示“遭到严重破坏的；被毁的”，英文解释为“very badly damaged”举个🌰：
Just look at what you've done to my coat - it's wrecked.
看看你对我的大衣干的好事——它全毁了。
The two Asian governments, all with coastlines nearby, swiftly criticized Japan's announcement Tuesday that it would conduct controlled releases that are expected to last for several decades. South Korea said the move posed a risk to the marine environment and the safety of neighboring countries, while China said it reserved the right to take further action.
这两个亚洲国家在附近都有海岸线，第一时间批评日本周二宣布将进行预计持续数十年有控制的排放。韩国表示，此举对海洋环境和邻国的安全构成风险，而中国表示保留作出进一步反应的权利。
coastline
表示“海岸线”，英文解释为“A country's coastline is the outline of its coast.”举个🌰：
This is some of the most exposed coastline in the world.
这是世界上最无遮蔽的海岸线。
marine
1）表示“海的；海产的；海生的”，英文解释为“connected with the sea and the creatures and plants that live there”；
2）表示“海船的；货船的；海上贸易的”，英文解释为“connected with ships or trade at sea”。
“Despite doubts and opposition from home and abroad, Japan has unilaterally decided to release the Fukushima nuclear wastewater into the sea before exhausting all safe ways of disposal and without fully consulting with neighboring countries and the international community,” Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian told reporters in Beijing. “This is highly irresponsible.”
“日方在未穷尽安全处置手段的情况下，不顾国内外质疑和反对，未经与周边国家和国际社会充分协商，单方面决定以排海方式处置福岛核电站事故核废水，”中国外交部发言人赵立坚在北京对记者说，“这种做法极其不负责任。”
unilaterally
unilaterally /ˌjuːnɪˈlætrəli/ 表示“单方面”，英文解释为“a unilateral action or decision is done by only one of the groups involved in a situation”。
exhaust
exhaust /ɪɡˈzɔːst/ 表示“用完；花光；耗尽”，英文解释为“to use all of sth so that there is none left”举个🌰：
Within three days they had exhausted their supply of food.
他们在三天之内就把所有粮食吃光了。
The U.S., on the other hand, said the approach appeared to be in line with global standards while the head of the International Atomic Energy Agency said the global body would help ensure the plan is carried out “without an adverse impact on human health and the environment.”
美国则表示，这种做法似乎符合全球标准，而国际原子能机构负责人表示，全球机构将帮助确保该计划的实施“不会对人类健康和环境造成不利影响”。
adverse
表示“不利的；负面的；有害的”，英文解释为“having a negative or harmful effect on something”举个🌰：
They received a lot of adverse publicity/criticism about the changes.
这些变化为他们招致种种负面报道/非难。
“Disposing of the treated water is an unavoidable issue for decommissioning the Fukushima nuclear power plant,” Japan Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga said.
“处理废水是福岛核电站退役不可避免的问题，”日本首相菅义伟（Yoshihide Suga）说。
dispose of sth
表示“去掉；清除；销毁”，英文解释为“to get rid of sb/sth that you do not want or cannot keep”如：the difficulties of disposing of nuclear waste 处理核废料的困难。
decommission
表示“停止使用”，英文解释为“When something such as a nuclear reactor or a large machine is decommissioned, it is taken out of use and taken apart because it is no longer going to be used.”举个🌰：
The ships were to be decommissioned.
这些船即将被停止使用。
The decision ends years of debate over how to dispose of the water, which is enough to fill more than 500 Olympic-sized swimming pools. It has been leaking into the reactors that suffered core meltdowns after an earthquake and tsunami in 2011.
这一决定结束了多年来关于如何处理这些水的争论，这些水足以填满500多个奥运会规模的游泳池。在2011年的地震和海啸之后，这些水一直在渗入遭受核心熔化的反应堆。
reactor
表示“核反应堆”，英文解释为“a large structure used for the controlled production of nuclear energy”。
meltdown
表示“（核反应堆的）堆芯熔毁”，英文解释为“If there is meltdown in a nuclear reactor, the fuel rods start melting because of a failure in the system, and radiation starts to escape.”
The U.S. backing comes as Suga prepares to become the first foreign leader to hold an in-person summit with President Joe Biden in Washington ahead of a climate conference, where Japan may announce new 2030 emissions reduction targets. To meet its vow to be carbon neutral by 2050, some government officials contend Japan will need to restart almost every nuclear reactor it shuttered in the aftermath of the 2011 meltdowns, and then build more.
美国的支持正值菅义伟即将成为第一位在气候大会之前与美国总统乔·拜登（Joe Biden）在华盛顿（Washington）举行面对面峰会的外国领导人，日本可能会在会上宣布新的2030年减排目标。为了实现到2050年实现碳中和（carbon neutral）的誓言，一些政府官员认为，日本将需要重启几乎所有在2011年核事故后关闭的核反应堆，然后建造更多的核反应堆。
vow
可以作名词，表示“发誓；誓言；许愿”；也可以作动词，表示“起誓；立誓；发誓”，英文解释为“If you vow to do something, you make a serious promise or decision that you will do it.”举个🌰：
While many models vow to go back to college, few do.
很多模特儿发誓要重返大学，但几乎无人做到。
碳中和
carbon neutral 表示“碳中和的”，英文解释为“A carbon neutral lifestyle, company, or activity does not cause an increase in the overall amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.”
📍今年政府工作报告中提到：扎实做好碳达峰、碳中和各项工作。We will take solid steps toward the goals of achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality.
📍碳中和是指国家、企业、产品、活动或个人在一定时间内直接或间接产生的二氧化碳或温室气体排放总量，通过植树造林、节能减排等形式，以抵消自身产生的二氧化碳或温室气体排放量，实现正负抵消，达到相对“零排放”。
contend
表示“（尤指在争论中）声称，主张，认为”，英文解释为“to say that sth is true, especially in an argument”举个🌰：
I would contend that his thinking is flawed on this point.
我倒认为部他的想法在这一点上有漏洞。
shutter
1）shutter作名词，通常复数，原意表示“活动护窗；百叶窗”，英文解释为“one of a pair of wooden or metal covers that can be closed over the outside of a window to keep out light or protect the windows from damage”，如：to open/close the shutters 打开/关上护窗。
2）作动词，可以指关上百叶窗，也有“（暂时或永久地）停业”的含义（to close down a business or activity）。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情影响的文章中提到：As covid-19 shutters businesses and leaves supermarket shelves bare, ...随着新冠肺炎导致众多企业关闭，超市货架空空如也，
aftermath
表示“（战争、事故、不快事情的）后果，创伤；（不快事件）结束后的一个时期”，英文解释为“The aftermath of an important event, especially a harmful one, is the situation that results from it.”举个🌰：
A lot of rebuilding took place in the aftermath of the war.
战后进行了大量的重建工作。
“We thank Japan for its transparent efforts in its decision to dispose of the treated water from the Fukushima Daiichi site,” U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken said on Twitter.
美国国务卿安东尼·布林肯（Antony Blinken）在推特（Twitter）上说：“感谢日本在决定处理福岛第一核电站污水方面所作的透明努力。”
Discharges are common practice in the industry, and Japan has said the releases will meet global guidelines. A panel within Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry recommended last year the water be released into the ocean or evaporated. The proposal stipulated that any water released into the environment must be re-purified and diluted to meet standards, and that the discharges take place over decades, according to a December 2019 report from METI.
排放是业内的常见做法，日本表示，这些排放将符合全球准则。日本经济产业省内的一个小组去年建议将污水排放到海洋中或蒸发掉。根据经济产业省2019年12月的一份报告，该建议规定，任何排放到环境中的水都必须经过重新净化和稀释以达到标准，并且排放需要几十年的时间。
panel
表示“（选定的）专家小组；讨论小组”，英文解释为“a small group of people chosen to give advice, make a decision, or publicly discuss their opinions as entertainment”举个🌰：
He assembled a panel of scholars to advise him.
他集结了一个学者小组为他出谋划策。
evaporate
evaporate /ɪˈvæpəˌreɪt/ 表示“使…蒸发；蒸发”，英文解释为“When a liquid evaporates, or is evaporated, it changes from a liquid state to a gas, because its temperature has increased.”举个🌰：
Moisture is drawn to the surface of the fabric so that it evaporates.
湿气被吸到织物表面而蒸发。
stipulate
stipulate /ˈstɪpjʊˌleɪt/ 表示“规定；明确要求”，英文解释为“If you stipulate a condition or stipulate that something must be done, you say clearly that it must be done.”举个🌰：
She could have stipulated that she would pay when she collected the computer.
她本可以明确要求取电脑时付款的。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述奈飞（Netflix）流媒体服务的文章中提到：Episode counts went up, boosted by syndication contracts, which generally stipulated that after a show had aired for a certain number of episodes, usually 88 (or four seasons), the rights to air it could be sold to third parties. 在分销（syndication）合同的推动下，剧集的集数增加了。这类合同通常规定，一部剧播出一定集数后——通常是88集（或四季）——播出权可以出售给第三方。
purify
表示“使（某物）洁净；净化；提纯，精炼”，英文解释为“to make sth pure by removing substances that are dirty, harmful or not wanted”举个🌰：
One tablet will purify a litre of water.
一颗丸即可净化一升水。
dilute
表示“稀释；冲淡”，英文解释为“to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid to it”举个🌰：
The paint can be diluted with water to make a lighter shade.
这颜料可用水稀释以使色度淡一些。
While Tokyo Electric Power Co. Holdings Inc. cycles in water to keep fuel and debris cool at the Fukushima site, fresh groundwater flows in daily and becomes contaminated. That water is pumped out and cleaned in a process that removes most of the radioactive elements except for tritium. Then it's stored in one of roughly 1,000 tanks at the site, which are forecast to be full by mid-2022.
虽然东京电力控股公司循环用水以保持福岛核电站现场燃料和残骸的冷却，但每天都有新鲜的地下水流入，并被污染。这些水被抽出并在一个过程中进行清洗，以去除除氚以外的大部分放射性元素。然后将其储存在现场大约1000个水箱中，预计到2022年中水箱将满。
debris
表示“残渣；垃圾；废弃物”，英文解释为“pieces of material that are not wanted and rubbish/garbage that are left somewhere”举个🌰：
Clear away leaves and other garden debris from the pond.
把池塘里的树叶和其他庭园垃圾清除干净。
contaminate
表示“污染；弄脏”，英文解释为“to make a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease”举个🌰：
The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.
饮用水被铅污染了。
pump
1）表示“抽送；用泵（或泵样器官等）输送”，英文解释为“To pump a liquid or gas in a particular direction means to force it to flow in that direction using a pump.”举个🌰：
The money raised will be used to dig bore holes to pump water into the dried-up lake.
筹到的钱款将用来挖井眼，再将水抽入干涸的湖中。
2）表示“洗胃”，英文解释为“If someone has their stomach pumped, doctors remove the contents of their stomach, for example, because they have swallowed poison or drugs.”举个🌰：
One woman was rushed to the emergency room to have her stomach pumped.
一名妇女被紧急送进急诊室去洗胃。
tritium
tritium /ˈtrɪtɪəm/ 表示“氚”，英文解释为“an isotope (= a different form) of hydrogen with a mass that is three times that of the usual isotope”。
Greenpeace criticized Japan's plan to release the treated Fukushima water into the ocean and said there are other options that should be considered.
绿色和平组织（Greenpeace）批评日本将处理后的福岛水排放到海洋中的计划，并表示应该考虑其他选择。
“Rather than using the best available technology to minimize radiation hazards by storing and processing the water over the long term, they have opted for the cheapest option, dumping the water into the Pacific Ocean,” the group said.
“他们没有使用现有的最佳技术，通过长期储存和处理水来最大限度地减少辐射危害，而是选择了最廉价的方案，将水倾倒入太平洋，”该组织说。
opt
表示“选择”，英文解释为“If you opt for something, or opt to do something, you choose it or decide to do it in preference to anything else.”举个🌰：
Depending on your circumstances you can opt for one method or the other.
根据自己的情况，你可以选择这种或那种方法。
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