“实用性不大，侮辱性极强”
近日，美日双方领导人在白宫举行会晤。有个细节引发媒体关注，会见日本首相菅义伟时，拜登戴着两只口罩，里面一只是白的，外面一只是黑的。
网友评论：一只防新冠，一只防核污水，实用性不大，侮辱性极强。
其实，此前拜登也经常戴两只口罩出席各种场合。
无注释原文：
Are two face masks better than one?
The Guardian
We all know we need to wear a mask. But should we be wearing two?
Peeking out from underneath Joe Biden’s black face covering? A medical-grade mask. Underneath Gorman’s red and diamante-strewn one? Another mask.
The practice, which usually involves wearing a medical-grade mask under a more aesthetically pleasing cloth mask, was this week backed by Dr Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, who told NBC News Today that it could lower the risk of spreading the virus. “If you have a physical covering with one layer, you put another layer on, it just makes common sense that it likely would be more effective,” he said.
David Heymann, a professor of infectious disease epidemiology at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, struck a more cautious note when talking to the Guardian, saying double-masking was a valid “precautionary measure” but people needed to be reminded that masks stopped the spread of infection rather than protecting the wearer from getting the virus.
“I understand that it might give the wearer a sense of control. But people need to be reminded that the reason they are wearing the mask, or masks, is to protect others. I am sure people find it reassuring but the eyes are still exposed,” he told the Guardian. By contrast, he added, there was some growing evidence that people who wore glasses had less risk of infection.
According to Heymann, there is not a large body of evidence to prove that cloth masks are an effective method of protection. “If you are wearing a mask with an inside lining and an outside lining, so two different materials, it may be the same as a double mask of a single thickness made from two different materials.” Much depends on the fabric, and for this reason it would be very hard to make double-masking mandatory.
“The best way to protect yourself still remains physically distancing [yourself from others], and washing your hands,” Heymann says. However, a lot of the good press surrounding double-masking remains psychological. “If you want to wear two masks nobody would say that’s wrong, and I understand that’s the case if it’s a fashion statement.”
The conflation of fashion with PPE – medical grade masks with floral and silk masks by Marni and Fendi – has been a source of ire since masks were introduced last spring. As with all accessories, masks ran the risk of becoming statements of not just health, but identity.
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
Are two face masks better than one?
The Guardian
We all know we need to wear a mask. But should we be wearing two?
我们都知道需要戴口罩。但我们是否应该戴两个？
Peeking out from underneath Joe Biden's black face covering? A medical-grade mask. Underneath Gorman's red and diamante-strewn one? Another mask.
从乔·拜登（Joe Biden）的黑色口罩下露出来的是？一个医用口罩。在戈尔曼的红色珠光口罩下？又是一个口罩。
peek out
表示“微露出；探出”，英文解释为“to be just visible”举个🌰：
Her feet peeked out from the end of the blanket.
她的脚从毯子末端露了出来。
underneath
表示“在…底下；在…下面”，英文解释为“under or below”举个🌰：
He was wearing a garish T-shirt underneath his shirt.
他在衬衫里面穿了件花哨的T恤衫。
diamante
diamante /ˈdiːəmɑːˌnteɪ/ 表示“镶嵌钻石状玻璃饰品的；珠光的”，英文解释为“decorated with glass that is cut to look like diamonds”如：diamanté earrings 珠光耳环。
strewn
表示“布满的；撒满的”，英文解释为“If a place is strewn with things, they are lying scattered there.”如：.a litter-strewn street.垃圾遍地的街道，a rock-strewn hillside 布满石头的山坡。
The practice, which usually involves wearing a medical-grade mask under a more aesthetically pleasing cloth mask, was this week backed by Dr Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, who told NBC News Today that it could lower the risk of spreading the virus. “If you have a physical covering with one layer, you put another layer on, it just makes common sense that it likely would be more effective,” he said.
这种做法通常是在更美观的布艺口罩内戴上医用口罩，本周得到了美国国家过敏和传染病研究所所长安东尼·福奇博士（Dr Anthony Fauci）的支持，他告诉NBC今日新闻，这种做法可以降低病毒传播的风险。“如果你有一层物理覆盖物，你把另一层放在上面，这只是一个常识，它可能会更有效，”他说。
aesthetically
aesthetically /iːsˈθetɪkli; esˈθetɪkli/ 表示“审美地；美学观点上地”，英文解释为“connected with beauty and the study of beauty”。
allergy
表示“过敏”，英文解释为“If you have a particular allergy, you become ill or get a rash when you eat, smell, or touch something that does not normally make people ill.”
infectious
表示“（疾病）传染性的”，英文解释为“(of a disease) able to be passed from one person, animal, or plant to another”如：an infectious disease 传染病。
David Heymann, a professor of infectious disease epidemiology at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, struck a more cautious note when talking to the Guardian, saying double-masking was a valid “precautionary measure” but people needed to be reminded that masks stopped the spread of infection rather than protecting the wearer from getting the virus.
伦敦卫生与热带医学院传染病流行病学教授大卫·海曼（David Heymann）在接受《卫报》采访时，提出了一个更为谨慎的观点，他说，双层口罩是一种有效的“预防措施”，但需要提醒人们，口罩阻止了感染的传播，而不是保护佩戴者不感染病毒。
epidemiology
表示“流行病学”，英文解释为“the scientific study of the spread and control of diseases”。
hygiene
hygiene /ˈhaɪdʒiːn/ 不可数名词，表示“卫生；保健法”，英文解释为“the practice of keeping yourself and your living and working areas clean in order to prevent illness and disease”，如：food hygiene 食品卫生，personal hygiene 个人卫生。
tropical
表示“热带的；来自热带的；产于热带的”，英文解释为“coming from, found in or typical of the tropics”如：tropical fish 热带鱼。
precautionary
表示“预防的”，英文解释为“Precautionary actions are taken in order to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening.”举个🌰：
The curfew is a precautionary measure.
宵禁只是一项预防措施。
“I understand that it might give the wearer a sense of control. But people need to be reminded that the reason they are wearing the mask, or masks, is to protect others. I am sure people find it reassuring but the eyes are still exposed,” he told the Guardian. By contrast, he added, there was some growing evidence that people who wore glasses had less risk of infection.
“我理解，这可能会给佩戴者一种控制感。但需要提醒人们，他们戴上了口罩或多个口罩的原因是为了保护他人。我相信人们会觉得很安心，但眼睛还是会暴露在外面。”他告诉《卫报》。相比之下，他补充说，越来越多的证据表明，戴眼镜的人感染的风险较小。
reassuring
表示“令人感到宽慰的；使人安心的；使人放心的”，英文解释为“making you feel less worried”举个🌰：
He smiled at me in a reassuring way.
他对我露出宽慰的一笑。
According to Heymann, there is not a large body of evidence to prove that cloth masks are an effective method of protection. “If you are wearing a mask with an inside lining and an outside lining, so two different materials, it may be the same as a double mask of a single thickness made from two different materials.” Much depends on the fabric, and for this reason it would be very hard to make double-masking mandatory.
海曼认为，目前还没有大量的证据证明布面罩是一种有效的保护方法。“如果你戴的口罩有内衬和外衬，那就是两种不同的材料，它可能和两种不同材料制成的单一厚度的双层口罩是一样的。”很大程度上取决于面料，为此，很难强制要求佩戴双层口罩。
lining /ˈlaɪnɪŋ/
1）表示“衬层；内衬；衬里”，英文解释为“a layer of material used to cover the inside surface of sth”如：a pair of leather gloves with fur linings 一双毛皮衬里的皮手套。
2）表示“（胃等器官内部的）保护层”，英文解释为“The lining of your stomach or other organ is a layer of tissue on the inside of it.”如：a bacterium that attacks the lining of the stomach 一种侵袭胃粘膜的细菌。
fabric
表示“织物；布料”，英文解释为“material made by weaving wool, cotton, silk, etc., used for making clothes, curtains, etc. and for covering furniture”如：cotton fabric 棉织物。
mandatory
表示“强制的；法定的；义务的”，英文解释为“required by law”举个🌰：
It is mandatory for blood banks to test all donated blood for the virus.
血库必须检查所有捐献的血是否含有这种病毒。
“The best way to protect yourself still remains physically distancing [yourself from others], and washing your hands,” Heymann says. However, a lot of the good press surrounding double-masking remains psychological. “If you want to wear two masks nobody would say that's wrong, and I understand that's the case if it's a fashion statement.”
“保护自己的最好方法仍然是在物理上[自己和他人]保持距离，并洗手，”海曼说。然而，围绕着双层口罩的许多好消息仍然是心理上的。“如果你想戴两个口罩，没有人会说这是错误的，我理解如果这是一种时尚宣言，那就是这样。”
psychological
表示“心灵的；心理的；精神上的”，英文解释为“connected with a person's mind and the way in which it works”如：the psychological development of children 儿童的心理发展。
fashion statement
表示“时尚宣言（为引人注目而穿戴或拥有的奇装异服）”，英文解释为“something that you wear or own that is new or unusual and is meant to draw attention to you”举个🌰：
This shirt is great for anyone who wants to make a fashion statement.
要求着装独树一帜的人穿这件衬衫最合适。
The conflation of fashion with PPE – medical grade masks with floral and silk masks by Marni and Fendi – has been a source of ire since masks were introduced last spring. As with all accessories, masks ran the risk of becoming statements of not just health, but identity.
自去年春天口罩被推广开以来，时尚与个人防护设备的混搭（医疗级口罩与玛尼和芬迪的花纹和丝绸口罩结合）就引起了人们的不满。与所有的配饰一样，口罩有可能成为不仅仅是健康，而是身份的象征。
conflation
表示“合并，混合”，英文解释为“the act or process of combining two or more separate things into one whole, especially pieces of text or ideas”。
PPE
即personal protective equipment 个人防护用品。
floral
表示“绘有花的；饰以花的”，英文解释为“consisting of pictures of flowers; decorated with pictures of flowers”如：a floral dress 有花卉图案的连衣裙。
accessories
accessories，accessory的复数形式，表示“配饰”，英文解释为“Accessories are articles such as belts and scarves which you wear or carry but which are not part of your main clothing.”举个🌰：
It also has a good range of accessories, including sunglasses, handbags and belts.
它还有多种配饰，包括墨镜、手包和皮带。
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