挪威发P图照不标注将面临罚款或坐牢
近日，挪威通过立法来打击网络“照骗”。通过互联网挣钱的挪威网红或公司，在社交媒体发布加工过的照片时必须进行标注，范围不仅限于磨皮、瘦脸等。如果没有标注，也不承认P图过的话，或面临罚款甚至被监禁入狱。
无注释原文：
Influencers in Norway will soon have to disclose when paid posts include edited or manipulated body photos
INSIDER
A new law in Norway makes it illegal for advertisers and social media influencers to share promotional photos online without disclosing whether the images were retouched, The Hill reported Thursday.
The new law passed in Norway's parliamentary body, Stortinget, with a vote of 72-15 on June 2. It's set to go into effect when the King of Norway decides it should, according to the legislative decree. The law is an amendment to the 2009 Marketing and Control Act.
The law concerns advertisers and people who receive "payment or other benefit" in exchange for their posts, according to W Magazine. It will impact "brands, companies, and influencers' sponsored and gifted posts".
The amendment requires disclosures for edits made after the image was taken and before, such as Snapchat and Instagram filters that modify one's appearance. According to Vice, examples of edits that people who are being paid for pictures are required to label include "enlarged lips, narrowed waists, and exaggerated muscles," among other things.
In the initial proposal sent to the Norwegian parliamentary body, the Ministry of Children and Family Affairs (Ministry) cited several studies to support their case, pointing out that "anorexia is the third most common cause of death among young girls," according to the National Institute of Public Health.
Body pressure, or "kroppspress" in Norway, is a major topic of conversation in the country, the Ministry said in its report.
"Young people are exposed to a massive pressure to look good out [sic] through, among other things, advertising and social media, and the models displayed are often digitally retouched," the Ministry said in the proposal. "This exposes young people to an ideal of beauty that is impossible to achieve."
By prohibiting advertisers and influencers from posting doctored photos without proper documentation with a government-authorized label, the Ministry said it hopes to lessen the negative impacts of body pressure on young people.
"It is especially important to counteract the desire to do more intrusive and (long) lasting changes in [one's] own look," the Ministry said.
Some of Norway's top influencers, such as author Martine Halvorsen, presenter Janka Polliani, and YouTuber Agnete "Agnetesh" Husebye, have already taken positively to the news, according to interviews they gave to the Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang this spring.
"Young people today are growing up to a completely improbable beauty ideal," Husebye, who was awarded "Influencer of the Year" at the 2019 VIXEN awards gala, told Verdens Gang. "I feel that this [new law] can only help them to understand that this is not how you look, it has been edited."
Other countries have previously imposed similar measures. In September, a legislator from the United Kingdom proposed a bill called the Digitally Altered Body Images Bill, which would require disclosures on social media posts denoting the use of a filter or alteration. In February, the United Kingdom's Advertising Standards Authority banned social media influencers from using unrealistic beauty filters in advertisements, according to Glamour.
France announced a new law in 2017 that made it so any "commercial image that has been digitally altered to make a model look thinner will have a cigarette-packet style warning on it," according to The BBC.
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
Influencers in Norway will soon have to disclose when paid posts include edited or manipulated body photos
INSIDER
A new law in Norway makes it illegal for advertisers and social media influencers to share promotional photos online without disclosing whether the images were retouched, The Hill reported Thursday.
据《国会山报》（The Hill）周四报道，挪威的一项新法律规定，广告商和社交媒体上的网红在不披露照片是否经过修整的情况下在网上分享宣传照片是非法的。
influencer
字面上的意思就是影响者，有影响力的人，柯林斯词典中的解释分为两种，一个就是字面上的意思：any person or thing that exerts an influence；另一种解释为：a person who uses social media to promote lifestyle choices, commercial products, etc to his or her followers. 利用社交媒体向自己的粉丝推广或推荐产品和服务的人，就是类似于现在网络中的“（带货）网红”，或者说关键意见领袖，Key Opinion Leader，KOL.
disclose
表示“公开，公布；透露，揭露”，英文解释为“to make something known publicly, or to show something that was hidden”举个🌰：
The company has disclosed profits of over £200 million.
这家公司已公布其利润超过两亿英镑。
retouch
表示“润色；修整（图画或照片）”，英文解释为“If someone retouches something such as a picture or a photograph, they improve it, for example by painting over parts of it.”，举个🌰：
He said the photographs had been retouched.
他说这些照片已被修整过。
📍《华盛顿邮报》（The Washington Post）的相关报道中，标题就用了这个词：retouched.
The new law passed in Norway's parliamentary body, Stortinget, with a vote of 72-15 on June 2. It's set to go into effect when the King of Norway decides it should, according to the legislative decree. The law is an amendment to the 2009 Marketing and Control Act.
6月2日，挪威议会Stortinget以72-15票通过了这项新法律。根据立法令，它将在挪威国王批准后生效。该法律是对2009年《营销和控制法》的修订。
parliamentary
表示“议会的”，英文解释为“of or relating to a parliament”如：a parliamentary candidate 议会候选人。
decree
表示“法令；政令；裁定；判决”，英文解释为“A decree is an official order or decision, especially one made by the ruler of a country.”
amendment
表示“修正案”，英文解释为“An amendment is a section that is added to a law or rule in order to change it.”
The law concerns advertisers and people who receive "payment or other benefit" in exchange for their posts, according to W Magazine. It will impact "brands, companies, and influencers' sponsored and gifted posts".
据《W Magazine》报道，该法律涉及广告商和因发表文章而获得“报酬或其他利益”的人。它将影响“品牌、公司和网红的恰饭帖子”。
The amendment requires disclosures for edits made after the image was taken and before, such as Snapchat and Instagram filters that modify one's appearance. According to Vice, examples of edits that people who are being paid for pictures are required to label include "enlarged lips, narrowed waists, and exaggerated muscles," among other things.
该修正案要求披露所拍照片P图前后效果，例如Snapchat和Instagram上修改个人外貌的滤镜。据Vice报道，从照片中获得报酬的人应标注出P图实例，包括“放大嘴唇、瘦腰和增肌（效果）”等等。
filter
1）表示“筛选（过滤）程序”，英文解释为“a program that stops certain types of electronic information, email, etc. being sent to a computer.”
2）表示“滤器；过滤器”，英文解释为“a device containing paper, sand, chemicals, etc. that a liquid or gas is passed through in order to remove any materials that are not wanted”
3）此前在尴尬！视频会议忘关摄像头......文中介绍有公司主管在线会议时，误开滤镜特效，会议全程整个人变成土豆头🥔，就提到：she could not figure out how to remove the filter. 主管一直搞不清要怎么关掉滤镜。此处的filter指的就是滤镜。
exaggerate
表示“夸张；夸大；对…言过其实”，英文解释为“to make something seem larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is”举个🌰：
Don't exaggerate - it wasn't that expensive.
不要言过其实——没有那么贵。
In the initial proposal sent to the Norwegian parliamentary body, the Ministry of Children and Family Affairs (Ministry) cited several studies to support their case, pointing out that "anorexia is the third most common cause of death among young girls," according to the National Institute of Public Health.
在送交挪威议会的初步提案中，儿童和家庭事务部（Ministry of Children and Family Affairs）引用了几项研究来支持他们的观点，指出根据国家公共卫生研究所的数据，“厌食症是年轻女孩的第三大死因。”
anorexia
anorexia /ˌænɒˈrɛksɪə/ 表示“（由于害怕变胖而引起的）厌食（症）；食欲缺乏”，英文解释为“a serious mental illness in which a person does not eat, or eats too little, often resulting in dangerous weight loss”。
Body pressure, or "kroppspress" in Norway, is a major topic of conversation in the country, the Ministry said in its report.
儿童和家庭事务部在其报告中说，身体焦虑，（挪威叫“kroppspress”），是该国的一个主要话题。
"Young people are exposed to a massive pressure to look good out [sic] through, among other things, advertising and social media, and the models displayed are often digitally retouched," the Ministry said in the proposal. "This exposes young people to an ideal of beauty that is impossible to achieve."
“年轻人通过广告和社交媒体等途径面临着巨大的压力，要求他们看起来很好[原文如此]，而且展示的模特往往是被P过，”提案中说。“这让年轻人接触到一种不可能实现的美丽理想。”
sic
置于括号内，表示前面引用的文字原文有错误，相当于在括号内加上“原文如此”的说明，英文解释为“a word written in brackets after a word that you have copied to show that you know it has been spelled or used wrongly”举个🌰：
The notice outside the office said "Closed on Wedensday" (sic).
电影院外的布告上写着 Closed on Wedensday（原文如此）。
By prohibiting advertisers and influencers from posting doctored photos without proper documentation with a government-authorized label, the Ministry said it hopes to lessen the negative impacts of body pressure on young people.
该部表示，通过禁止广告商和网红在没有政府授权标签的证明文件的情况下发布编辑过的照片，它希望减少身体焦虑对年轻人的负面影响。
doctored
熟词僻义，doctor作动词，可以表示“篡改，涂改”，英文解释为“to change a document in order to deceive people”举个🌰：
He was found to have provided the court with doctored evidence.
他被发现向法庭提供了篡改过的证据。
📍提到doctor想到有意思的绕口令：When a doctor doctors another doctor, does he doctor the doctored doctor the way the doctored doctor wants to be doctored?
"It is especially important to counteract the desire to do more intrusive and (long) lasting changes in [one's] own look," the Ministry said.
该部说：“特别重要的是，要抵制对自己的容貌进行更多干预和（长期）持久改变的愿望。”
counteract
表示“抵消；对抗；减少”，英文解释为“to reduce or remove the effect of something unwanted by producing an opposite effect”举个🌰：
Drinking a lot of water counteracts the dehydrating effects of hot weather.
大量饮水可缓解炎热天气引起的脱水。
📺美剧《绝命毒师》（Breaking Bad）中的台词提到：Although, we'll prescribe an anti-emetic and try to counteract that. 不过我们会开些止吐剂 帮助缓解症状。
intrusive
表示“侵入的；闯入的；侵扰的；烦扰的”，英文解释为“too noticeable, direct, etc. in a way that is disturbing or annoying”举个🌰：
The constant presence of the media was very intrusive.
媒体一直在场十分令人讨厌。
Some of Norway's top influencers, such as author Martine Halvorsen, presenter Janka Polliani, and YouTuber Agnete "Agnetesh" Husebye, have already taken positively to the news, according to interviews they gave to the Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang this spring.
据今年春天挪威报纸Verdens Gang的采访，挪威的一些顶级网红，如作家玛蒂娜·哈尔沃森（Martine Halvorsen）、主持人扬卡·波利亚尼（Janka Polliani）和YouTube博主Agnete Husebye，已经对这一消息持积极态度。
"Young people today are growing up to a completely improbable beauty ideal," Husebye, who was awarded "Influencer of the Year" at the 2019 VIXEN awards gala, told Verdens Gang. "I feel that this [new law] can only help them to understand that this is not how you look, it has been edited."
在2019年VIXEN颁奖晚会上被授予“年度影响力人物”称号的Husebye告诉Verdens Gang，“今天的年轻人在一个完全不可能实现的美丽理想中长大的。我觉得这项[新法律]只能帮助他们了解，这不是你的样子，而是被编辑过的。”
improbable
表示“不大可能发生的；未必确实的”，英文解释为“not likely to happen or be true ”举个🌰：
It's highly improbable that he will agree.
他很可能不会同意。
gala
gala表示“节日盛会；演出”，英文解释为“A gala is a special public celebration, entertainment, performance, or festival.”如：a gala evening at the Metropolitan Opera House 大都会歌剧院的庆祝晚会，Spring Festival Gala即“春节联欢晚会”。
Other countries have previously imposed similar measures. In September, a legislator from the United Kingdom proposed a bill called the Digitally Altered Body Images Bill, which would require disclosures on social media posts denoting the use of a filter or alteration. In February, the United Kingdom's Advertising Standards Authority banned social media influencers from using unrealistic beauty filters in advertisements, according to Glamour.
其他国家此前也实施了类似的措施。9月，英国的一位立法者提出了一项名为“数字化修改身体照片”的法案，该法案要求在社交媒体上披露使用了滤镜或进行了改动的帖子。据《Glamour》杂志报道，今年2月，英国广告标准局禁止社交媒体网红在广告中使用不切实际的美容滤镜。
impose
表示“推行；强制实行”，英文解释为“to officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc. to be obeyed or received”举个🌰：
Very high taxes have recently been imposed on cigarettes.
最近对香烟开征很高的税。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇分析拜登贸易政策的文章中提到：The other matter is what Mr Biden will do with the tariffs imposed by Mr Trump. 另一件事是拜登将如何处理特朗普实施的关税。
denote
表示“表示，代表”，英文解释为“to represent something”举个🌰：
The colour red is used to denote passion or danger.
红色用于表示激情或危险。
France announced a new law in 2017 that made it so any "commercial image that has been digitally altered to make a model look thinner will have a cigarette-packet style warning on it," according to The BBC.
据英国广播公司（BBC）报道，法国在2017年宣布了一项新的法律，规定任何“经过数字化修改以使模特看起来更瘦的商业照片上都会有一个烟盒式的警告。”
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