he和be到底是什么意思？
前两天，热议的emo是什么梗现在知道了。
今天又冒出新词来了，he和be是什么意思？那天张杰也问了，be还有什么意思？
he = happy ending 意思就是故事最后是好的结局，而be = bad ending 意思就是故事最后是悲伤的结局...
无注释原文：
Why happy endings can lead to bad decisions, even when voting
CNN
Call it the happy ending effect.
Our brains tend to give more weight to the later part of an experience -- no matter how good it was overall. This can lead to poor decisions and, according to a small study published Monday, it's a fundamental mechanism involving two different parts of the human brain.
"When you're deciding where to go for dinner, for example, you think about where you've had a good meal in the past," said Martin Vestergaard, a research associate at the University of Cambridge's department of physiology, development and neuroscience, in a press statement.
"But your memory of whether that meal was good isn't always reliable -- our brain values the final few moments of the experience more highly than the rest of it."
A similar phenomenon can also be seen in politics, said Vestergaard.
"Our attraction to the quality of the final moment of an experience is exploited by politicians seeking re-election; they will always try to appear strong and successful towards the end of their time in office," said Vestergaard.
"If you fall for this trick, and disregard historical incompetence and failure, then you might end up re-electing an unfit politician."
In the study, Vestergaard looked at the parts of the brain that fire up when we make decisions based on past experience.
He asked 27 male volunteers to choose which of two virtual pots of coins -- viewed on a screen after one another -- had the greatest value, while a brain scanner revealed what was happening in their brains. The size of the coins, which fell from the pots, represented their value and the task was repeated several times with different sequences of coins.
The volunteers systematically chose the wrong pot when the coins decreased in size towards the end of the sequence, the study found. The effect varied from person to person, but only a few were able to ignore it entirely and make a completely rational decision.
This shows that the attraction to the final moments of an experience is hard wired in our brains, said the study, which was published in the Journal Of Neuroscience.
"If we can't control our in-built attraction to happy endings, then we can't trust our choices to serve our best interests," Vestergaard said.
Sometimes the phenomenon is described as "banker's fallacy," the tendency to focus on short term growth at the expense of long-term value.
The experiment also challenged the popular belief that poor decision-making is routed in the amygdala -- sometimes regarded as the primitive part of our brain.
The researchers found that evaluating an extended experience was encoded "robustly" in the amygdala, whereas a part of the brain called the anterior insula was responsible for marking down the overall experience if it ends more negatively. The two different parts compete with each other when we make these kinds of decisions.
The attraction to the final moments of an experience is a fundamental mechanism in the human brain and important to be aware of, say the researchers.
While there are advantages to paying attention to whether things are on an upward or downward trajectory, our judgment can fail us when we try to evaluate an overall experience afterward.
"Sometimes it's worth taking the time to stop and think. Taking a more analytical approach to complement your intuitive judgment can help ensure you're making a rational decision," said Vestergaard.
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
Why happy endings can lead to bad decisions, even when voting
CNN
Call it the happy ending effect.
这就是所谓的圆满结局效应。
Our brains tend to give more weight to the later part of an experience -- no matter how good it was overall. This can lead to poor decisions and, according to a small study published Monday, it's a fundamental mechanism involving two different parts of the human brain.
我们的大脑往往对一段经历的后半部分更关注--无论总体情况有多好。据周一发表的一项小型研究，这可能导致糟糕的决定，这是一个涉及人类大脑两个不同部分的基本机制。
"When you're deciding where to go for dinner, for example, you think about where you've had a good meal in the past," said Martin Vestergaard, a research associate at the University of Cambridge's department of physiology, development and neuroscience, in a press statement.
剑桥大学生理学、发育和神经科学系副研究员马丁·维斯特加德（Martin Vestergaard）在一份新闻声明中说：“例如，当你决定去哪里吃饭时，你会想到你过去在哪里吃过好吃的东西。”
associate
表示“副的；准的；非正式的”，英文解释为“used in the title of a person whose rank is slightly lower or less complete than the full official position described”如：associate director 副导演。
physiology
physiology /ˌfɪzɪˈɒlədʒɪ/ 表示“生理学”，英文解释为“(the scientific study of) the way in which the bodies of living things work”。
neuroscience
neuroscience /ˈnjʊərəʊˌsaɪəns/ 表示“神经系统科学（对神经系统的解剖学、生理学、生物化学和药理学的研究）”，英文解释为“the study of the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology of the nervous system”。
"But your memory of whether that meal was good isn't always reliable -- our brain values the final few moments of the experience more highly than the rest of it."
“但是你对那顿饭是否好吃的记忆并不总是可靠的 -- 我们的大脑对某一经历的最后几个时刻的评价比其他部分更高。”
A similar phenomenon can also be seen in politics, said Vestergaard.
维斯特加德说，在政治领域也有类似现象。
"Our attraction to the quality of the final moment of an experience is exploited by politicians seeking re-election; they will always try to appear strong and successful towards the end of their time in office," said Vestergaard.
“我们对某一经历的最后时刻的质量的吸引力被寻求连任的政治家所利用；他们总是试图在他们的任期结束时表现出强大和成功，”韦斯特加德说。
exploit
1）表示“利用；剥削（…为自己谋利）”，英文解释为“to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself”举个🌰：
He exploited his father's name to get himself a job.
他利用他父亲的名声为自己找到一份工作。
2）表示“运用；利用；发挥”，英文解释为“to use sth well in order to gain as much from it as possible”举个🌰：
She fully exploits the humour of her role in the play.
她在剧中把她那个角色的幽默发挥得淋漓尽致。
🎬电影《惊天魔盗团》（Now You See Me）中的台词提到：What I hate is people who exploit other people. 我只是讨厌那些利用别人的人。
"If you fall for this trick, and disregard historical incompetence and failure, then you might end up re-electing an unfit politician."
“如果你上了这个当，无视历史上的无能和失败，那么你最终可能会重选一个不合适的政治家。”
trick
1）表示“诡计；花招；骗局；把戏”，英文解释为“something that you do to make sb believe sth which is not true, or to annoy sb as a joke”
2）表示“技巧；诀窍；窍门”，英文解释为“a way of doing sth that works well; a good method”举个🌰：
The trick is to pick the animal up by the back of its neck.
窍门在于抓住动物的后脖颈把它提起来。
fall for
表示“对…信以为真”，英文解释为“to be tricked into believing something that is not true”举个🌰：
He told me that he owned a mansion in Spain and I fell for it.
他告诉我他在西班牙有一座庄园，我信以为真。
disregard
表示“不理会；不顾；漠视；对…置之不理”，英文解释为“to not consider sth; to treat sth as unimportant”举个🌰：
Safety rules were disregarded.
安全规定被忽视了。
In the study, Vestergaard looked at the parts of the brain that fire up when we make decisions based on past experience.
在这项研究中，维斯特加德研究了当我们根据过去的经验做出决定时，大脑中的哪些部分会启动。
He asked 27 male volunteers to choose which of two virtual pots of coins -- viewed on a screen after one another -- had the greatest value, while a brain scanner revealed what was happening in their brains. The size of the coins, which fell from the pots, represented their value and the task was repeated several times with different sequences of coins.
他要求27名男性志愿者选择两罐虚拟硬币中哪一罐的价值最大--在屏幕上一个接一个地看--而脑部扫描仪显示他们大脑中的情况。从罐子里掉下来的硬币的大小代表了它们的价值，这项任务用不同的硬币序列重复了几次。
pot
表示“（某种用途的）容器”，英文解释为“a container of various kinds, made for a particular purpose”如：a coffee pot 咖啡壶。
sequence
表示“顺序；次序”，英文解释为“the order that events, actions, etc. happen in or should happen in”举个🌰：
The tasks had to be performed in a particular sequence.
这些任务必须按一定次序去执行。
The volunteers systematically chose the wrong pot when the coins decreased in size towards the end of the sequence, the study found. The effect varied from person to person, but only a few were able to ignore it entirely and make a completely rational decision.
研究发现，当硬币的大小在序列末尾减少时，志愿者们有条不紊地选择了错误的罐子。这种影响因人而异，但只有少数人能够完全忽略它并做出完全理性的决定。
rational
表示“头脑清醒的；理智的”，英文解释为“based on clear thought and reason”举个🌰：
There must be some rational explanation for what happened.
对发生的事一定有一个理性的解释。
This shows that the attraction to the final moments of an experience is hard wired in our brains, said the study, which was published in the Journal Of Neuroscience.
这项研究发表在《神经科学杂志》上，它表明，对经验的最后时刻的吸引在我们的大脑中是天生固有的。
hard-wired
表示“天生的，固有的；（能力、方法、活动类型等）基本固定的”，英文解释为“If an ability, approach, or type of activity is hardwired into the brain, it is a basic one and cannot be changed.”举个🌰：
Others think that the rules for what is "musical" are hardwired in our brains to some degree.
其他人认为，我们的大脑对什么东西是“悦耳的”在某种程度上有其内在的标准。
"If we can't control our in-built attraction to happy endings, then we can't trust our choices to serve our best interests," Vestergaard said.
维斯特加德说：“如果我们不能控制我们对圆满结局的内在吸引力，那么我们就不能相信我们的选择能满足我们的最佳利益。”
Sometimes the phenomenon is described as "banker's fallacy," the tendency to focus on short term growth at the expense of long-term value.
有时，这种现象被描述为“银行家的谬论”，即以牺牲长期价值为代价而关注短期增长的倾向。
fallacy
fallacy /ˈfæləsɪ/ 表示“谬见，谬论”，英文解释为“an idea that a lot of people think is true but is in fact false”举个🌰：
It is a common fallacy that women are worse drivers than men.
女性开车不如男性开得好，这是人们常有的谬见。
at the expense of sth
表示“以...为代价；在...受损的情况下”，英文解释为“If you do one thing at the expense of another, doing the first thing harms the second thing.”举个🌰：
He had no need to protect their reputation at the expense of his own.
他没有必要为了保护他们的名誉而牺牲自己的。
The experiment also challenged the popular belief that poor decision-making is routed in the amygdala -- sometimes regarded as the primitive part of our brain.
该实验还质疑一个普遍的观点--不良决策是由杏仁核决定的，杏仁核有时被认为是我们大脑的原始部分。
amygdala
amygdala /əˈmɪɡdələ/ 表示“（大脑中的）杏仁核，杏仁体（主要影响情绪，尤其是愉悦和恐惧）”，英文解释为“one of two parts of the brain that affect how people feel emotions, especially fear and pleasure”。
primitive
表示“原始的，早期的，远古的”，英文解释为“relating to human society at a very early stage of development, with people living in a simple way without machines or a writing system”。
The researchers found that evaluating an extended experience was encoded "robustly" in the amygdala, whereas a part of the brain called the anterior insula was responsible for marking down the overall experience if it ends more negatively. The two different parts compete with each other when we make these kinds of decisions.
研究人员发现，长期经验的评估是在杏仁核中“有力地”编码的，而如果最终结果比较不理想时，大脑中一个被称为前脑岛（anterior insula）的部分则负责在整个经验结束时进行记录。当我们做出这类决定时，这两个不同的部分相互竞争。
encode
表示“把…译成电码（或密码）；把…编码”，英文解释为“to change something into a system for sending messages secretly, or to represent complicated information in a simple or short way”。
The attraction to the final moments of an experience is a fundamental mechanism in the human brain and important to be aware of, say the researchers.
研究人员说，对经验的最后时刻的吸引是人脑中的一个基本机制，必须加以注意。
While there are advantages to paying attention to whether things are on an upward or downward trajectory, our judgment can fail us when we try to evaluate an overall experience afterward.
虽然关注事情是在往好的还是不好的方向进展是有好处的，但当我们试图在事后评估整体体验时，我们的判断力会让我们失望。
"Sometimes it's worth taking the time to stop and think. Taking a more analytical approach to complement your intuitive judgment can help ensure you're making a rational decision," said Vestergaard.
“有时，值得花时间停下来思考。采取更多的分析方法来补充你的直觉判断可以帮助确保你做出一个理性的决定，”维斯特加德说。
complement
表示“补充；补足；使完善；为…增色”，英文解释为“to make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it”举个🌰：Strawberries and cream complement each other perfectly.
草莓加奶油相得益彰。
📍区分：compliment
compliment
可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“赞美；称赞；钦佩”，英文解释为“to tell sb that you like or admire sth they have done, their appearance, etc.”举个🌰：
She complimented him on his excellent German.
她夸奖他德语棒极了。
intuitive
表示“直觉的；凭直觉的”，英文解释为“based on feelings rather than facts or proof”如：an intuitive approach/judgment 凭直觉的方法/判断。
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