长期喝冰水的人后来都怎么样了
凉水？温水？冰水？
经常喝冰水对身体有坏处吗？
无注释原文：
One Major Effect of Drinking Ice Cold Water, Says Science
From: Eat This, Not That
August 26, 2021
People have a lot of opinions about drinking ice cold water. Some claim that drinking cold water is bad for your digestion and can cause mucus build-up. Others claim that cold water makes you burn more calories and aids with exercise performance. So what's the truth? Is it okay to enjoy an ice-cold cup of water on a hot summer day? Long story short—yes. There isn't enough scientific evidence to make a claim that ice cold water is bad for you, and the one major effect of drinking ice cold water is exactly what you would think it would be—for your hydration.
Why drinking cold water helps with hydration
First, it's important to note that drinking water at any temperature is going to help your body get hydrated. Staying hydrated is important for regulating your body temperature, keeps your organs functioning properly, delivers nutrients to your body's cells, and can even help with preventing infections, according to Harvard Health.
And yet, while consuming water at any temperature can help with your body's hydration, drinking cool water has been proven to specifically help with assisting in rehydration more so than other temperatures. One study from the International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine that reviewed six different male athletes that consumed water at different temperatures found that drinking water at 16 degrees Celsius (~60 degrees Fahrenheit) with a higher intake of water resulted in less sweating compared to the others. The study concludes that cool tap water can be the ultimate temperature for rehydration purposes, especially for athletes when working out in the heat.
Along with drinking it, cold water has been proven to also help athletes in workout recovery. One study from the Human Kinetics Journal found that a 10-minute cold shower immediately after an exercise session can assist with hydration status. Plus, a 10 minute cold shower (also known as "cold water therapy") has been shown to help athletes to feel less sore and less fatigued, according to the European Journal of Applied Physiology.
Even with so much to benefit from drinking cold water, there are some wellness experts who claim that cold water actually isn't good for your body's health, in which their theories have evidently been debunked.
The myths surrounding cold water consumption
In Ayurvedic medicinal practices, it has been stated that drinking ice cold water is actually bad for your body's overall digestion. This specific claim states that drinking cold water can constrict your blood vessels, resulting in your body's inability to absorb certain nutrients and vitamins, and food. Drinking warm water is also a cultural practice for many, where the claim is that warm water can help with speeding up the digestion process and can even be good for your gut health.
Some hold up this claim to western medicine and point out a study in General Pharmacology from 1983 which looks at how cold affects the blood vessel wall and evaluates blood flow and body temperatures for dogs. While it is true that cold weather can affect the circulatory system, this study doesn't specifically focus on how drinking ice cold water can directly affect your blood vessels. All in all, while your blood vessels do play an important role in digestion, there is not enough scientific evidence to back the claim that drinking cold water can slow down your body's digestion rate.
Another common misconception about drinking ice cold water is how it can cause mucus build-up. This comes from a 1978 study from CHEST Journal which measured nasal mucus velocity and nasal airflow resistance and found that the hot liquid is superior to cold liquids in managing nasal bodily fluids. However, it's important to note that while this specific study was archived in the National Library of Medicine, the study is no longer available for review through CHEST Journal online.
Lastly, there is a claim that drinking cold water can make you hungrier, which stems from a 2005 study from the University of Florida. This study compares the difference in appetite when exercising immersed in cold water versus warm water, and concludes that those who exercise in cold water may have an "exaggerated energy intake following exercise" which could make you feel hungrier and cause you to eat more.
Even if there have been other studies that have shown increased hunger during the colder seasons of the year, this still does not conclude that drinking cold water can result in an increased appetite. While your body may work a bit more to raise body temperature after cold water is consumed, your body only needs eight calories to do this, resulting in insignificant calorie expenditure.
Just drink more water.
While there is much debate over drinking ice cold water versus drinking room temperature water, medical experts can agree on one thing–just drink water to stay hydrated. Your preferences in water temperature won't matter when it comes to the ultimate goal of why you're drinking water in the first place—to stay hydrated and to keep your body healthy and happy.
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
One Major Effect of Drinking Ice Cold Water, Says Science
From: Eat This, Not That
August 26, 2021
People have a lot of opinions about drinking ice cold water. Some claim that drinking cold water is bad for your digestion and can cause mucus build-up. Others claim that cold water makes you burn more calories and aids with exercise performance. So what's the truth? Is it okay to enjoy an ice-cold cup of water on a hot summer day? Long story short—yes. There isn't enough scientific evidence to make a claim that ice cold water is bad for you, and the one major effect of drinking ice cold water is exactly what you would think it would be—for your hydration.
人们对喝冰水有很多看法。有些人声称喝凉水对你的消化不好，会导致黏液堆积。另一些人声称凉水会让你燃烧更多的卡路里，并对运动表现有帮助。那么事实是什么呢？在炎热的夏天喝杯冰水可以吗？长话短说——可以。没有足够的科学证据证明冰水对你有害，喝冰水的一个主要效果正是你所认为的——补水。
digestion
表示“消化；消化能力”，英文解释为“the process by which your body digests food, or your ability to digest food”举个🌰：
Discover how eating raw food helps balance your body and aids digestion.
弄清楚为什么生吃食物有助于身体的营养平衡并能促进消化。
mucus
mucus /ˈmjuː.kəs/表示“（粘膜分泌的）粘液；黏液”，英文解释为“a thick liquid produced inside the nose and other parts of the body”举个🌰：
This drug reduces mucus production in the gut.
这种药可以减少肠道的粘液分泌。
long story short
表示“长话短说”，英文解释为“used when you do not tell all the details”举个🌰：
Long story short, I got fired.
长话短说，我被解雇了。
hydration
hydration /haɪˈdreɪ.ʃən/ 表示“（身体）补水过程；水合作用”，英文解释为“the process of making your body absorb water or other liquid”举个🌰：
Hydration is very important for athletes.
补水对运动员很重要。
Why drinking cold water helps with hydration 为什么喝冷水有助于补水
First, it's important to note that drinking water at any temperature is going to help your body get hydrated. Staying hydrated is important for regulating your body temperature, keeps your organs functioning properly, delivers nutrients to your body's cells, and can even help with preventing infections, according to Harvard Health.
首先，值得一提的是，任何温度的饮用水都有助于你的身体获得水分。根据哈佛卫生学院的文章，保持水分对调节体温很重要、能保持器官正常运作、向身体细胞输送营养物质甚至有助于预防感染。
hydrated
📍hydrated /haɪˈdreɪ.tɪd/ 表示“摄入足够水分（或其他液体）的”，英文解释为“having absorbed enough water or other liquid”举个🌰：
Be sure to stay hydrated during the race by drinking plenty of fluids.
在比赛中一定要多喝水，保持水分。
📍dehydrated /ˌdiː.haɪˈdreɪ.tɪd/ 表示“脱水的，极度干渴的”，英文解释为“not having the normal amount of water in your body so that you feel ill or weak”
nutrient
表示“养分；营养物，滋养物”，英文解释为“any substance that plants or animals need in order to live and grow”举个🌰：
It's good soil - full of nutrients.
这土壤肥沃——养分很足。
And yet, while consuming water at any temperature can help with your body's hydration, drinking cool water has been proven to specifically help with assisting in rehydration more so than other temperatures. One study from the International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine that reviewed six different male athletes that consumed water at different temperatures found that drinking water at 16 degrees Celsius (~60 degrees Fahrenheit) with a higher intake of water resulted in less sweating compared to the others. The study concludes that cool tap water can be the ultimate temperature for rehydration purposes, especially for athletes when working out in the heat.
然而，尽管喝任何温度的水都有助于身体补水，但事实证明，喝凉水比喝其他温度的水更有助于补充水分。《国际临床与实验医学》（International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine）的一项分析喝不同温度水的六名男性运动员的研究发现，与其他人相比，喝16摄氏度（约60华氏度）水的人，摄入更多的水会减少出汗。该研究得出结论，凉水可能是补充水分的极限温度，尤其是对在高温下锻炼的运动员而言。
rehydration
rehydration /ˌriː.haɪˈdreɪ.ʃən/ 表示“再水化，再水合，液体补充（如某人脱水时将水注入其身体的过程）”，英文解释为“the process of putting water into someone's body when they are suffering from dehydration (= a lack of water)”
Celsius
Celsius /ˈsel.si.əs/ 表示“摄氏温度”，英文解释为“(of) a measurement of temperature on a standard in which 0° is the temperature at which water freezes, and 100° the temperature at which it boils”举个🌰：
Are the temperatures given in Celsius or Fahrenheit?
温度是用摄氏温度还是华氏温度标出的？
Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit /ˈfær.ən.haɪt/ 表示“华氏的；华氏温标（冰点为32度，沸点为212度）”，英文解释为“(of) a measurement of temperature on a standard in which 32° is the temperature at which water freezes and 212° that at which it boils”
Along with drinking it, cold water has been proven to also help athletes in workout recovery. One study from the Human Kinetics Journal found that a 10-minute cold shower immediately after an exercise session can assist with hydration status. Plus, a 10 minute cold shower (also known as "cold water therapy") has been shown to help athletes to feel less sore and less fatigued, according to the European Journal of Applied Physiology.
除了饮用凉水，冷水也被证明也有助于运动员恢复锻炼。《人类动力学杂志》（Human Kinetics Journal）的一项研究发现，锻炼结束后立即洗10分钟冷水澡可以帮助改善水合状态。此外，据《欧洲应用生理学杂志》（European Journal of Applied Physiology），10分钟冷水淋浴（也称为“冷水疗法”）已被证明有助于运动员减轻疼痛和疲劳。
kinetics
kinetics /kɪˈnet.ɪks/ 表示“动力学”，英文解释为“the scientific study of forces on things that are moving”
sore
表示“痛的，疼痛的”，英文解释为“painful and uncomfortable because of injury, infection, or too much use”举个🌰：
All the dust has made my eyes sore.
灰尘使我的眼睛酸痛。
fatigue
fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/ 可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“疲劳；劳累”，英文解释为“a feeling of being extremely tired, usually because of hard work or exercise”，如：physical and mental fatigue 身体和精神的疲劳。
physiology
physiology /ˌfɪzɪˈɒlədʒɪ/ 表示“生理学”，英文解释为“(the scientific study of) the way in which the bodies of living things work”。
Even with so much to benefit from drinking cold water, there are some wellness experts who claim that cold water actually isn't good for your body's health, in which their theories have evidently been debunked.
即使喝凉水有这么多好处，也有一些健康专家称凉水实际上对你的身体健康没有好处，其中的理论显然已经被推翻了。
debunk
debunk /ˌdiːˈbʌŋk/ 表示“驳斥；揭穿，揭露…的真相”，英文解释为“to show that something is less important, less good, or less true than it has been made to appear”举个🌰：
The writer's aim was to debunk the myth that had grown up around the actress.
作者的目的是为了揭穿围绕这位女演员的种种传闻。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）2020年关于《拆穿胡扯》（Calling Bullshit: The Art of Scepticism in a Data-Driven World）一书的书评文章标题就用的：How to debunk dodgy data 如何看穿骗人的数据。
The myths surrounding cold water consumption 围绕饮用凉水的错误观念
In Ayurvedic medicinal practices, it has been stated that drinking ice cold water is actually bad for your body's overall digestion. This specific claim states that drinking cold water can constrict your blood vessels, resulting in your body's inability to absorb certain nutrients and vitamins, and food. Drinking warm water is also a cultural practice for many, where the claim is that warm water can help with speeding up the digestion process and can even be good for your gut health.
在古印度阿育吠陀医学实践中，有人说喝冰水实际上对你身体的整体消化有害。这一具体说法指出，喝凉水会使你的血管收缩，导致你的身体无法吸收某些营养物质和维生素，以及食物。喝温水也是许多人的一种文化习俗，人们声称温水有助于加快消化过程，甚至对你的肠道健康有益。
myth
myth /mɪθ/ 表示“普遍但却错误的看法，无根据的观念”，英文解释为“a commonly believed but false idea”举个🌰：
Statistics disprove the myth that women are worse drivers than men.
统计数据证明，女人驾车技术比男人差的观念是错误的。
Ayurvedic
Ayurvedic /aɪ.ʊəˌveɪ.dɪk/ 表示“阿育吠陀的；印度草药疗法的”，英文解释为“Ayurvedic medicine is a type of complementary medicine, originally from India, that uses herbs and other natural treatments.”
阿育吠陀医学可以追溯到公元前5000年的吠陀时代。它以世界上最古老的有记载的综合医学体系而著称。
constrict
1）表示“压紧；压缩；（使）收缩”，英文解释为“to become tighter and narrower, or to make something become tighter and narrower”举个🌰：
He hated wearing a tie - he felt it constricted his breathing.
他讨厌戴领带——觉得它勒得人呼吸困难。
2）表示“限制；约束；束缚”，英文解释为“to limit an action or behaviour”举个🌰：
Too many rules had constricted her lifestyle.
太多的清规戒律限制了她的生活方式。
blood vessel
表示“血管”，英文解释为“any of the tubes through which blood flows in the body”
vitamin
vitamin /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/ 表示“维生素；维他命”，英文解释为“any of a group of natural substances that are necessary in small amounts for the growth and good health of the body”如：a vitamin pill 维生素片。
gut
gut /ɡʌt/ 作动词，表示“（尤指在烹调前）取出…的内脏”，英文解释为“to remove the inner organs of an animal, especially in preparation for eating it”举个🌰：
She gutted the fish and cut off their heads.
她取出鱼的内脏并把鱼头切掉。
作名词，表示“消化道；肠道，肠”，英文解释为“the long tube in the body of a person or animal, through which food moves during the process of digesting food”举个🌰：
Meat stays in the gut longer than vegetable matter.
和蔬菜相比，肉类在消化道中停留的时间更长。
Some hold up this claim to western medicine and point out a study in General Pharmacology from 1983 which looks at how cold affects the blood vessel wall and evaluates blood flow and body temperatures for dogs. While it is true that cold weather can affect the circulatory system, this study doesn't specifically focus on how drinking ice cold water can directly affect your blood vessels. All in all, while your blood vessels do play an important role in digestion, there is not enough scientific evidence to back the claim that drinking cold water can slow down your body's digestion rate.
一些人将这种说法与西医联系起来，并指出1983年《一般药理学》（General Pharmacology）上的一项研究，该研究分析了寒冷对血管壁的影响，并评估狗的血流和体温。虽然寒冷的天气确实会影响循环系统，但这项研究并没有特别关注饮用冰水如何直接影响人的血管。总而言之，虽然血管确实在消化中发挥重要作用，但没有足够的科学证据支持喝凉水会减慢你身体消化速度的说法。
pharmacology
pharmacology /ˌfɑː.məˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/ 表示“药理学，药物学”，英文解释为“the study of medicines and drugs, including their action, their use, and their effects on the body”
circulatory
circulatory /ˌsɜː.kjəˈleɪ.tər.i/ 表示“循环系统的”，英文解释为“relating to the system that moves blood through the body and that includes the heart, arteries, and veins”
Another common misconception about drinking ice cold water is how it can cause mucus build-up. This comes from a 1978 study from CHEST Journal which measured nasal mucus velocity and nasal airflow resistance and found that the hot liquid is superior to cold liquids in managing nasal bodily fluids. However, it's important to note that while this specific study was archived in the National Library of Medicine, the study is no longer available for review through CHEST Journal online.
关于喝冰水的另一个常见误解是它是如何导致黏液堆积的。这来自《胸腔杂志》1978年的一项研究，该研究测量了鼻腔黏液速度和鼻腔气流阻力，发现热液体在控制鼻体液方面优于冷液体。然而，值得一提的是，虽然这项特定的研究被存档在国家医学图书馆，但该研究已无法通过《胸腔杂志》在线查阅。
misconception
表示“误解，错误的想法”，英文解释为“an idea that is wrong because it has been based on a failure to understand a situation”举个🌰：
We hope our work will help to change popular misconceptions about disabled people.
我们希望我们的工作有助于改变一般人对残疾人的错误看法。
nasal
nasal /ˈneɪzəl/ 表示“鼻的”，英文解释为“related to the nose”如：nasal passages 鼻道，nasal congestion 鼻塞，the nasal cavity 鼻腔，a nasal spray 鼻腔喷剂。
velocity
velocity /vəˈlɒs.ə.ti/ 表示“速度；速率”，英文解释为“the speed at which an object is travelling”举个🌰：
Light travels at the highest achievable velocity in the universe.
光的传播速度是宇宙中物体所能达到的最高速度。
archive
archive /ˈɑːkaɪv/ 表示“把…归档；将…存档”，英文解释为“to store historical records or documents in an archive”
Lastly, there is a claim that drinking cold water can make you hungrier, which stems from a 2005 study from the University of Florida. This study compares the difference in appetite when exercising immersed in cold water versus warm water, and concludes that those who exercise in cold water may have an "exaggerated energy intake following exercise" which could make you feel hungrier and cause you to eat more.
最后，有一种说法认为喝凉水会让你更饿，这源于佛罗里达大学2005年的一项研究。这项研究比较了浸泡在冷水和温水中锻炼时食欲的差异，并得出结论，那些在冷水中锻炼的人可能“锻炼后摄入的能量过多”，这可能会让你感到更饿，并导致你吃得更多。
stem from
表示“源自；由…造成”，英文解释为“to start or develop as the result of something”举个🌰：
Her problems stem from her difficult childhood.
她的问题主要是由艰难的童年生活造成的。
appetite
appetite /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ 1）表示“食欲；胃口”，英文解释为“physical desire for food”举个🌰：
He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite.
他头痛且食欲不振。
2）表示“强烈欲望”，英文解释为“a strong desire for sth”举个🌰：
The public have an insatiable appetite for scandal.
公众对丑事总是喜闻乐道。
immerse
表示“（使）深陷于，沉浸在”，英文解释为“to become or make sb completely involved in sth”举个🌰：
She immersed herself in her work.
她埋头工作。
versus
versus /ˈvɜːsəs/ 经常看到缩写vs，vs.或者是单单一个v，就是指的versus /ˈvɜːsəs/，表示“（比较两种不同想法、选择等）与…相对，与…相比”，英文解释为“used to compare two different ideas, choices, etc.”如：private education versus state education 私立教育与公共教育相比，举个🌰：
It is France versus Brazil in the final.
决赛是法国队对巴西队。
exaggerate
exaggerate /ɪɡˈzædʒ.ə.reɪt/ 表示“夸张；夸大；对…言过其实”，英文解释为“to make something seem larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is”举个🌰：
Don't exaggerate - it wasn't that expensive.
不要言过其实——没有那么贵。
Even if there have been other studies that have shown increased hunger during the colder seasons of the year, this still does not conclude that drinking cold water can result in an increased appetite. While your body may work a bit more to raise body temperature after cold water is consumed, your body only needs eight calories to do this, resulting in insignificant calorie expenditure.
即使有其他研究表明在一年中较冷的季节饥饿感增加，这仍然不能得出喝冷水会导致食欲增加的结论。虽然喝冷水后你的身体可能需要进行更多工作来提高体温，但你的身体只需要八卡路里就能做到这一点，导致卡路里消耗微不足道。
expenditure
对比几个表达：
1）expenditure表示“花费；消费；费用；开支”（the act of spending or using money; an amount of money spent）如：a reduction in public/government/military expenditure 公共/政府/军费开支的削减。
2）spending表示“（政府或其他机构的）开支，支出，花销”（the amount of money that is spent by a government or an organization）如：to increase public spending 增加公共开支。
3）outlay表示“（启动新项目的）开支，费用”（the money that you have to spend in order to start a new project）如：the initial outlay on advertising 初期的广告费。
Just drink more water. 多喝水就好了。
While there is much debate over drinking ice cold water versus drinking room temperature water, medical experts can agree on one thing–just drink water to stay hydrated. Your preferences in water temperature won't matter when it comes to the ultimate goal of why you're drinking water in the first place—to stay hydrated and to keep your body healthy and happy.
虽然关于喝冰水和喝温水有很多争论，但医学专家可以在一件事上达成一致——喝水就能保持水分。当涉及到为什么要喝水的最终目标时，你对水温的偏好并不重要——保持水分，保持身体健康和快乐。
- 今日盘点 -
digestion
mucus
long story short
hydration
hydrated
nutrient
rehydration
Celsius
Fahrenheit
kinetics
sore
fatigue
physiology
debunk
myth
Ayurvedic
constrict
blood vessel
vitamin
gut
pharmacology
circulatory
misconception
nasal
velocity
archive
stem from
appetite
immerse
versus
exaggerate
expenditure
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