“伦敦桥塌了”
当地时间9月8日，英国女王伊丽莎白二世逝世，享年96岁。
无注释原文：
Queen Elizabeth II Dies at 96 After 70 Years on the Throne
The Wall Street Journal
Queen Elizabeth II, who defined the monarchy for generations of Britons, died on Thursday, plunging the U.K. into mourning and giving the country its first new head of state in 70 years, her son, King Charles III.
Buckingham Palace said the 96-year-old queen—who ascended the throne when Winston Churchill was prime minister and the country was recovering from World War II—died at her residence in Balmoral, Scotland.
King Charles was in Scotland with his family and was expected to return to London after spending the night in Balmoral. “The Queen died peacefully at Balmoral this afternoon,” Buckingham Palace said in a statement.
The queen’s death marks a watershed moment for the U.K. Britons under the age of 70 have grown up knowing only one monarch. She was the most visible link to the country’s imperial past and the embodiment of national identity. “We mourn profoundly the passing of a cherished Sovereign and a much-loved Mother,” said King Charles III in a statement. “I know her loss will be deeply felt throughout the country, the Realms and the Commonwealth, and by countless people around the world.”
For the U.K., the queen’s death adds to a growing feeling of gloom at a time of high inflation, a looming recession, falling real wages and skyrocketing energy prices from the war in Ukraine.
Within minutes of the news, crowds gathered outside Buckingham Palace. Many hoisted cameras and phones in the air. In one corner of the crowd, some people sang “God Save the Queen.” Palace staff dressed in black posted the official notice of her death at the palace gates.
“We are all devastated,” British Prime Minister Liz Truss said. Queen Elizabeth was “the rock on which modern Britain was built,” she added.
Tributes poured in from world leaders. President Biden hailed the late queen as “the first British monarch to whom people all around the world could feel a personal and immediate connection.”
The House of Windsor is the last European monarchy to continue the practice of coronation. Marking her departure and the anointment of her successor will be critical to that transition and to maintaining the pageantry vital to sustaining the monarchy’s role and power. The new king is expected to be in London on Friday to swear an oath. He is also expected to tour the country to mark his mother’s passing.
Queen Elizabeth II’s historic reign spanned a period of deep social and economic change, from a nation of empire that pioneered globalization to a country that chose to pull out of the European Union, from a society with rigid class divisions to a diverse and more equal country.
“There will never be another monarch like her,” said Sarah Bunting, a child care professional who lives in west London. “She has been a rock for so many years and millions of people throughout the United Kingdom and the world will miss her.”
Britain will begin a 10-day mourning period on Friday that will culminate in Queen Elizabeth’s state funeral. Within minutes of the announcement of her death, the British Broadcasting Corp. went dark and played the national anthem. Flags on government buildings were lowered to half-staff. The government’s website featured a black banner to commemorate her passing.
Given the queen died in Scotland, she is expected to lie in state there before her body is moved to London for a state funeral in Westminster Abbey.
The British prime minister was informed of the queen’s death two hours before the news was announced.
During her last year of life, the queen was dogged by ill health and used a cane to get around, gradually reducing in-person meetings, especially after the passing of her husband Prince Philip in 2021. Even so, she kept up her constitutional duties. On Tuesday, she appointed Ms. Truss during a meeting at Balmoral.
While Britons had braced for the queen’s death, her demise came quickly. At around noon London time, minutes before palace officials released a statement saying doctors were concerned about her health, British politicians were passed notes in the House of Commons. As word spread, lawmakers asked each other to borrow black ties.
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注：中文文本为华尔街日报官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Queen Elizabeth II Dies at 96 After 70 Years on the Throne
The Wall Street Journal
Queen Elizabeth II, who defined the monarchy for generations of Britons, died on Thursday, plunging the U.K. into mourning and giving the country its first new head of state in 70 years, her son, King Charles III.
为几代英国人定义了君主制的英国女王伊丽莎白二世（Queen Elizabeth II）周四去世，享年96岁。英国举国哀悼，同时迎来了70年来的第一位新君主——女王的儿子国王查尔斯三世（King Charles III）。
monarchy
monarchy /ˈmɒnəkɪ/ 表示“君主政体，君主制，君主国”，也可以指“王室”，英文解释为“The monarchy is used to refer to the monarch and his or her family.”
Briton
表示“英国人”，英文解释为“a person from Britain”
plunge in/plunge into sth
表示“突然开始积极地做”，英文解释为“to suddenly start doing something actively or enthusiastically”举个🌰：
Two months before his exams, he suddenly plunged into his studies.
考试前的两个月，他突然开始埋头学习。
mourning
表示“哀痛；哀悼”，英文解释为“great sadness felt because someone has died”举个🌰：
Shops were closed as a sign of mourning for the king.
为了表达对国王的哀悼之情，商店关门停业一天。
📍mourn作动词，表示“（因失去…而）哀悼，忧伤”，英文解释为“to feel and show sadness because sb has died; to feel sad because sth no longer exists or is no longer the same”举个🌰：
They mourn the passing of a simpler way of life.
他们对逝去的较为淳朴的生活感到惋惜。
近义词：
📍grieve for表示“（尤指因某人的去世而）悲伤，悲痛，伤心”，英文解释为“to feel very sad, especially because sb has died”举个🌰：
They are still grieving for their dead child.
他们还在为死去的孩子伤心。
Buckingham Palace said the 96-year-old queen—who ascended the throne when Winston Churchill was prime minister and the country was recovering from World War II—died at her residence in Balmoral, Scotland.
白金汉宫表示，女王伊丽莎白二世在苏格兰巴尔莫勒尔的住所去世。她在丘吉尔（Winston Churchill）担任首相时登上王位，当时英国正从第二次世界大战中恢复。
ascend the throne
表示“登上王位，登基”，英文解释为“to become queen or king”
King Charles was in Scotland with his family and was expected to return to London after spending the night in Balmoral. “The Queen died peacefully at Balmoral this afternoon,” Buckingham Palace said in a statement.
查尔斯国王与其家人仍在苏格兰，预计在巴尔莫勒尔过夜后返回伦敦。白金汉宫在当地时间周四发表声明说：“女王今天下午在巴尔莫勒尔平静地与世长辞。”
The queen’s death marks a watershed moment for the U.K. Britons under the age of 70 have grown up knowing only one monarch. She was the most visible link to the country’s imperial past and the embodiment of national identity. “We mourn profoundly the passing of a cherished Sovereign and a much-loved Mother,” said King Charles III in a statement. “I know her loss will be deeply felt throughout the country, the Realms and the Commonwealth, and by countless people around the world.”
对于70岁以下、成长过程中只经历过一个君主的英国人而言，女王的去世是一个分水岭。她是这个国家帝国历史最明显的纽带，也是国家身份的象征。“我们为失去一位受人珍视的君主和深受爱戴的母亲深切哀悼，”国王查尔斯三世在声明中说。“我知道她的离去会让整个国家、整个王国、整个英联邦，以及全世界无数的人深感悲痛。”
watershed
watershed /ˈwɔː.tə.ʃed/ 1）表示“（标志重大变化的）转折点，分界线，分水岭”，英文解释为“an event or period that is important because it represents a big change in how people do or think about something”举个🌰：
The year 2022 was a watershed in her life.
2022年是她人生的一个转折点。
2）表示“分水岭，分水界”，英文解释为“an area of high ground from which water flows down to a river”
imperial
表示“帝国的；皇帝的”，英文解释为“belonging or relating to an empire or the person or country that rules it”如：Imperial China 中华帝国。
embodiment
the embodiment of sth 表示“（某种品质或思想的）化身，体现；典型”，英文解释为“someone or something that represents a quality or an idea exactly”举个🌰：
He was the embodiment of the English gentleman.
他是典型的英国绅士。
sovereign
sovereign /ˈsɒv.ər.ɪn/ 表示“君主；元首；最高统治者”，英文解释为“a king or queen”
realm
realm /rɛlm/ 1）表示“领域；场所”，英文解释为“an area of activity, interest, or knowledge”举个🌰：
At the end of the speech he seemed to be moving into the realms of fantasy.
讲话的最后，他似乎进入了虚幻的境地。
2）表示“王国”（a country ruled by a king or queen）
📍beyond the realm of possibility 表示“超出范围，不可能”（not possible），相反的说法：within the realm of possibility 意思就是“在可能的范围”（possible），举个🌰：
A successful outcome is not beyond the realms of possibility.
最后取得成功并非没有可能。
🎬电影《复仇者联盟2：奥创纪元》（Avengers: Age of Ultron）中的台词提到：In every realm, there's a reflection. 每个国度都有倒影。
commonwealth
1）表示“（具有相同政治或经济目标的）国家联合体”，英文解释为“a group of countries with the same political or economic aims”如：the Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体；
2）表示“联邦；州；自治政区”，英文解释为“a country or part of a country that is governed by its people or representatives elected by its people”
📍the Commonwealth指的是“英联邦（由英国和大多数曾经隶属于大英帝国的国家组成）”（an organization consisting of the United Kingdom and most of the countries that used to be part of the British Empire）
For the U.K., the queen’s death adds to a growing feeling of gloom at a time of high inflation, a looming recession, falling real wages and skyrocketing energy prices from the war in Ukraine.
对英国来说，女王的去世加重了人们的悲观情绪。目前英国通胀高企，经济衰退迫在眉睫，实际工资下降，同时还面临乌克兰战争导致的能源价格暴涨。
gloom
1）表示“忧郁；愁闷；沮丧”，英文解释为“feelings of great unhappiness and loss of hope”举个🌰：
There is widespread gloom and doom about the company's future.
大家普遍感觉公司的前景不妙，在劫难逃。
2）表示“昏暗；幽暗；黑暗”，英文解释为“a situation in which it is nearly dark and difficult to see well”举个🌰：
She peered into the gloom, but she couldn't see where the noise was coming from.
她努力朝黑暗中看去，但就是辨不出声响是从哪儿传来的。
inflation
表示“通货膨胀”，英文解释为“a general, continuous increase in prices”如：high/low inflation 高/低通货膨胀。
looming
表示“（不希望或不愉快的事情）迫近的，逼近的”，英文解释为“(of something unwanted or unpleasant) about to happen soon and causing worry”如：the looming crisis 迫在眉睫的危机。
recession
表示“（经济）衰退期”，英文解释为“a period when the economy of a country is not successful and conditions for business are bad”举个🌰：
The country is sliding into the depths of (a) recession.
这个国家一步步滑入经济衰退的谷底。
wage
作名词，表示“工资，工钱，报酬”；
作动词，熟词僻义，表示“发动（战争）；组织，筹备（活动）”，英文解释为“to fight a war or organize a series of activities in order to achieve something”举个🌰：
They've been waging a long campaign to change the law.
他们为修改这一法律已组织发起了一场持久的运动。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇介绍拉美电商平台美卡多的文章中提到：The biggest is Amazon, against which his firm has waged a costly battle in Mexico. 最大的威胁来自亚马逊，美卡多与它在墨西哥展开了一场较量，代价高昂。
skyrocket
作动词，表示“剧增；猛涨”，英文解释为“If prices or amounts skyrocket, they suddenly increase by a very large amount.”如：the skyrocketing costs of health care 暴涨的医疗费用。
Within minutes of the news, crowds gathered outside Buckingham Palace. Many hoisted cameras and phones in the air. In one corner of the crowd, some people sang “God Save the Queen.” Palace staff dressed in black posted the official notice of her death at the palace gates.
在女王去世消息发布后的几分钟内，人群聚集在白金汉宫外。许多人把相机和手机高举到空中。在人群的一个角落，一些人唱起了英国国歌 《天佑女王》（God Save the Queen）。身着黑衣的白金汉宫工作人员在宫殿门口贴出了女王去世的讣告。
hoist
hoist /hɔɪst/ 表示“（用绳子或机械）抬起，吊起”，英文解释为“to lift something heavy, sometimes using ropes or a machine”举个🌰：
A helicopter hoisted the final section of the bridge into place.
直升机将桥梁的最后一部分吊装到位。
“We are all devastated,” British Prime Minister Liz Truss said. Queen Elizabeth was “the rock on which modern Britain was built,” she added.
英国首相特拉斯（Liz Truss）说：“我们都很悲痛。”她还称，女王伊丽莎白二世是缔造现代英国的基石。
devastated
1）表示“（极度）不安的，混乱的，震惊的”，英文解释为“extremely upset and shocked”举个🌰：
His family is absolutely devastated.
他的一家感到极为震惊。
2）表示“被彻底摧毁的；毁灭的”，英文解释为“completely destroyed”举个🌰：
Thousands of people have left their devastated villages and fled to the mountains.
数千人已经离开完全被毁的村庄，逃进了山里。
📍devastate /ˈdɛvəˌsteɪt/ 本身可以作动词，表示“严重破坏；彻底摧毁”，英文解释为“If something devastates an area or a place, it damages it very badly or destroys it totally.”
Tributes poured in from world leaders. President Biden hailed the late queen as “the first British monarch to whom people all around the world could feel a personal and immediate connection.”
世界各国领导人纷纷表示哀悼。美国总统拜登（Joe Biden）称已故女王是“第一位让世界各地的人们都能感受到个人和直接联系的英国君主。”
tribute
1）表示“有成效的结果”，英文解释为“If one thing is a tribute to another, the first thing is the result of the second and shows how good it is.”举个🌰：
His success has been a tribute to hard work, to professionalism.
他的成功是辛勤工作和兢兢业业的结果。
2）表示“（尤指在正式场合表达敬意的）颂词，礼物；称赞；敬意；（尤指对死者的）致敬，颂词；悼念；致哀；吊唁礼物”，英文解释为“A tribute is something that you say, do, or make to show your admiration and respect for someone. An act, a statement or a gift that is intended to show your respect or admiration, especially for a dead person”举个🌰：
The song is a tribute to him.
这首歌是敬献给他的。
📍pay tribute to sb/sth 表示“赞扬，称赞”，英文解释为“to praise someone or something”举个🌰：
The minister paid tribute to the men who had fought the blaze.
部长高度赞扬了奋力扑灭大火的勇士们。
hail
表示“把…称赞为，把…誉为”，英文解释为“to describe sb/sth as being very good or special, especially in newspapers, etc.”举个🌰：
The conference was hailed as a great success.
会议被称颂为一次巨大的成功。
The House of Windsor is the last European monarchy to continue the practice of coronation. Marking her departure and the anointment of her successor will be critical to that transition and to maintaining the pageantry vital to sustaining the monarchy’s role and power. The new king is expected to be in London on Friday to swear an oath. He is also expected to tour the country to mark his mother’s passing.
温莎王朝（House of Windsor）是欧洲最后一个延续加冕仪式的君主政体。现在，纪念女王的离去和任命继任者不仅对这一过渡至关重要，也对维持君主制的作用和权力关键的庆典活动至关重要。预计新国王将于周五在伦敦宣誓就职。他还将前往全国各地纪念自己母亲的去世。
coronation
coronation /ˌkɒr.əˈneɪ.ʃən/ 表示“加冕典礼”，英文解释为“a ceremony at which a person is made king or queen”
anointment
anointment /əˈnɔɪnt.mənt/ 表示“（尤指包括受膏仪式的）王位的授予”，英文解释为“the act of making someone king or queen, especially as part of a religious ceremony”举个🌰：
The film of the Queen’s coronation doesn’t include her anointment.
女王加冕仪式的纪录片并未包括其受膏仪式。
successor
表示“继任者，接替者；继承人；接替的事物”，英文解释为“someone or something that comes after another person or thing”举个🌰：
This range of computers is very fast, but their successors will be even faster.
这个系列的电脑速度很快，但它的换代产品速度会更快。
📍predecessor表示“前任，前辈；原有事物，前身”，英文解释为“someone who had a job or a position before someone else, or something that comes before another thing in time or in a series”。
pageantry
pageantry /ˈpædʒ.ən.tri/ 表示“盛大庆典；盛况”，英文解释为“impressive and colourful ceremonies”举个🌰：
She loved the pageantry and tradition of the monarchy.
她喜欢皇室盛大的排场和传统习俗。
sustain
1）表示“保持，维持，使持续，使继续”，英文解释为“to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time”举个🌰：
The economy looks set to sustain its growth into next year.
看来经济的增长会持续到明年。
2）表示“经历，遭受（尤指破坏或损失）”，英文解释为“to suffer or experience, especially damage or loss”举个🌰：
She sustained multiple injuries in the accident.
她在这次事故中多处受伤。
swear
1）表示“发（誓）；宣（誓）”，英文解释为“to promise or say firmly that you are telling the truth or that you will do something or behave in a particular way”举个🌰：
I don't know anything about what happened, I swear (it).
我发誓我对所发生的事一无所知。
2）表示“诅咒，咒骂”，英文解释为“to use words that are rude or offensive as a way of emphasizing what you mean or as a way of insulting someone or something”举个🌰：
It was a real shock, the first time I heard my mother swear.
我第一次听见母亲骂脏话时觉得非常震惊。
📍swear word表示“脏话，冒犯之词”，英文解释为“a rude or offensive word”举个🌰：
All swear words, even mild ones such as "damn",, were deleted from the text.
所有的脏话，哪怕是像 damn 这样比较温和的字眼，都从课本中删除了。
oath
oath /oʊθ/ 表示“（尤指法庭上的）誓言，誓约，宣誓”，英文解释为“a promise, especially that you will tell the truth in a law court”。
Queen Elizabeth II’s historic reign spanned a period of deep social and economic change, from a nation of empire that pioneered globalization to a country that chose to pull out of the European Union, from a society with rigid class divisions to a diverse and more equal country.
伊丽莎白二世历史性的统治横跨了一个社会和经济深度变革的时期，在此期间，英国从一个开创全球化的帝国演变成了一个选择退出欧盟的国家，从一个阶级划分严格的社会演变为一个多元化且更加平等的社会。
reign
reign /reɪn/ 作名词，表示“为王，为君；当政；统治”，英文解释为“the period of time when a king or queen rules a country”如：the reign of Henry VIII 亨利八世的统治。
作动词 1）表示“统治；当政；为王；为君”，英文解释为“to rule as king, queen, emperor , etc.”举个🌰：
Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901.
维多利亚女王自1837年至1901年在位。
2）从第一个含义引申出来，可以解释为“主宰；盛行；成为最显著的 ”，英文解释为“to be the most obvious feature of a place or moment”举个🌰：
Confusion reigned about how the debate would end.
这场辩论将如何结束的问题令人困惑。
📍写作里可以试试这个表达，xxx reigned. 表示某个东西“占据了主导地位”，既简洁又高级。当然，要注意主语单复数/可不可数。
At last silence reigned (= there was complete silence).
最后，万籁俱寂。
🎬电影《黑衣人2》（Men in Black II）中的台词提到：We have lived by its word, and peace has reigned throughout our world. 我们一直谨守诫律 和平相处。
“There will never be another monarch like her,” said Sarah Bunting, a child care professional who lives in west London. “She has been a rock for so many years and millions of people throughout the United Kingdom and the world will miss her.”
“再也不会有像她这样的君主了，”居住在伦敦西部的育儿专家Sarah Bunting说。“这么多年来，她一直坚如磐石，英国和全世界的众多民众都会想念她。”
Britain will begin a 10-day mourning period on Friday that will culminate in Queen Elizabeth’s state funeral. Within minutes of the announcement of her death, the British Broadcasting Corp. went dark and played the national anthem. Flags on government buildings were lowered to half-staff. The government’s website featured a black banner to commemorate her passing.
英国将于周五开始为期10天的全国哀悼期，哀悼期的最后将举行伊丽莎白女王的葬礼。在王室宣布女王逝世后的几分钟内，英国广播公司（BBC）通告栏变成黑色并播放了英国国歌。英国政府大楼降半旗。政府官方网站上显示哀悼女王去世的黑色横幅。
culminate
表示“以…告终；达到…的顶点”，英文解释为“If an event or series of events culminates in something, it ends with it, having developed until it reaches this point.”举个🌰：
My arguments with the boss got worse and worse, and finally culminated in my resignation.
我和老板的争吵日益恶化，直到最终我决定换工作。
anthem
anthem /ˈænθəm/ 表示“国歌；（团体组织的）颂歌，赞歌”，英文解释为“a song which has a special importance for a country, an organization, or a particular group of people and is sung on special occasions”举个🌰：
The European anthem was played at the opening ceremony.
欧洲颂歌在开幕式上演奏。
half-staff
表示“半旗，降半旗”，英文解释为“the position of a flag that is halfway down the pole, usually as an expression of sadness at a death or sad public event”举个🌰：
Government flags flew at half-staff following the bombings.
爆炸事件发生后，政府降半旗致哀。
英式half-mast，一般用at half-mast，举个🌰：
The flags at Buckingham Palace were all flying at half-mast.
白金汉宫的旗帜全都降了半旗。
commemorate
表示“纪念；缅怀”，英文解释为“To commemorate an important event or person means to remember them by means of a special action, ceremony, or specially created object.”举个🌰：
A statue has been built to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the poet's birthday.
为纪念诗人百年诞辰建起了一尊雕像。
- 今日盘点 -
monarchy
Briton
plunge in/plunge into sth
mourning
ascend the throne
watershed
imperial
embodiment
sovereign
realm
commonwealth
gloom
inflation
looming
recession
wage
skyrocket
hoist
devastated
tribute
hail
coronation
anointment
successor
pageantry
sustain
swear
oath
reign
culminate
anthem
half-staff
commemorate
- END -
LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2022年9月9日
第2771天
每天持续行动学外语