中秋遇上教师节
祝大家中秋节快乐，祝老师们教师节快乐！
过节不如学习。
无注释原文：
5 Things Teachers Wish Parents Knew: Your Children Can Do More Than You Think
The New York Times
April 18, 2014
This week, I’m turning the tables and giving some space to the “teacher” half of the “Parent-Teacher Conference.” When I ask teachers, “What one thing would you want your students’ parents to know?” the same five points come up over and over again.
1. Your kids can do much more than you think they can do.
Despite all evidence to the contrary, your children do not need your help tying shoes, zipping jackets, sharpening pencils, packing their backpacks and lunch, or any of the million other tasks they expect you to do for them every day.
Take some direction from kindergarten teachers. If you think it takes an eternity to get your children out the door, imagine getting 20 children out the door, six times a day. Elementary school teachers are masters of delegation, so the child proficient at shoelaces becomes their “tying expert,” and the boy with a skill for zippers becomes the designated “zipper helper,” and before you can say “self-sufficient,” every child in the class has learned to tie and zip and mitten themselves. The next time your child tells you they can’t do something, step back and wait.
2. It’s not healthy to give your child constant feedback.
When children require approval on every scribble, homework problem and picture they draw, it’s probably because they have been offered feedback on every scribble, homework problem and picture they draw. It’s vital that children develop their own internal locus of approval and honest self-assessment, because as they grow up and face hardship, they need to be able to look to themselves for strength and approval. If they can’t, they will be much more susceptible to the superficial external approval that comes their way in the form of peer pressure, bullying and the social jostling. As you wean them off your feedback, turn their “Mommy, is this picture good?” or “Daddy, did I do a good job?” back on them, and ask them how they feel about their work.
3. We promise not to believe everything your child says happens at home if you promise not to believe everything your child says happens in our classrooms.
Experienced teachers know that not everything children share during circle time represents an accurate reflection of what goes on in their home. When, for example, my cousin’s son talked to his entire class that a robot had come to his house and removed his mommy’s lady parts, his teacher was wise enough to remain skeptical. Accordingly, when your child comes home and claims that the teacher screamed and yelled at him in front of the entire class for his low test score, try to give his teacher the benefit of the doubt until you’ve had a chance to talk to the teacher about it.
4. Your children learn and act according to what you do, not what you say.
You are your child’s first and best teacher, and they learn more from your actions rather than your words. When you tell your child that it’s rude to text during conversations, yet you continue to read your email while pretending to listen to him talk about his day, you are teaching him to distrust your words and your intent, while reinforcing the very behavior you seek to modify.
In the same vein, if you want to promote a behavior such as a love of learning, model that, too. Seek out new knowledge and experiences; learn something new just for the sake of learning. As teacher S.Q. wrote in an email, “Model intellectual curiosity and a visceral pleasure in learning. Not just the brainy stuff, but anything of interest (how to clean spark plugs, what kinds of wood work best on a wood lathe, what the fox says). Show your own interest in learning by reading, thinking aloud, wondering aloud.”
5. Teach your children that mistakes aren’t signs of weakness but a vital part of growth and learning.
Let your children see you fail, admit to your mistakes, and talk openly about how you have learned from those mistakes. As teacher K.M. wrote in an email, “Failure is part of the process. It’s what they do after they fail that matters. If you pick them up after their every failure, they learn nothing about how to begin again.”
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
5 Things Teachers Wish Parents Knew: Your Children Can Do More Than You Think
老师希望家长们了解的五件事
The New York Times
April 18, 2014
This week, I’m turning the tables and giving some space to the “teacher” half of the “Parent-Teacher Conference.” When I ask teachers, “What one thing would you want your students’ parents to know?” the same five points come up over and over again.
本周，在“家长—教师研讨会”上，我调转了谈话方向，向“教师”这半边与会者提供了一些空间。我问老师们，“你想让学生们的家长知道什么事情？”以下五点反复出现在答案中。
turn the tables
表示“扭转局面，转而占（某人的）上风”，英文解释为“to change a situation so that you now have an advantage over someone who previously had an advantage over you”举个🌰：
She turned the tables on her rival with allegations of corruption.
她指控对手腐败，从而扭转了对自己不利的局面。
1. Your kids can do much more than you think they can do.
1. 孩子能做的事情远比你以为的要多。
Despite all evidence to the contrary, your children do not need your help tying shoes, zipping jackets, sharpening pencils, packing their backpacks and lunch, or any of the million other tasks they expect you to do for them every day.
虽然有那么多与之相悖的证据，但你的孩子确实不需要你帮忙系鞋带、拉拉链、削铅笔、理书包和午餐盒，以及每天无数件他们指望着你来出手相助的事情。
contrary
contrary /ˈkɒn.trə.ri/ 表示“相反；反面；对立面；相反事物”，英文解释为“the opposite”举个🌰：
I was worried that it might be too hard for me but it turned out the contrary was true.
我原来担心那可能对我来说太难了，可是我发现恰恰相反。
zip
1）表示“拉上（…的）拉链”，英文解释为“to fasten something with a zip”举个🌰：
This bag's too full, I can't zip it shut.
这包装得太满，拉链都拉不上了。
2）表示“快速移动；迅速去（某处）”，英文解释为“to move or go somewhere very quickly”举个🌰：
I'm just going to zip over to the shops.
我就去商店转一圈。
Take some direction from kindergarten teachers. If you think it takes an eternity to get your children out the door, imagine getting 20 children out the door, six times a day. Elementary school teachers are masters of delegation, so the child proficient at shoelaces becomes their “tying expert,” and the boy with a skill for zippers becomes the designated “zipper helper,” and before you can say “self-sufficient,” every child in the class has learned to tie and zip and mitten themselves. The next time your child tells you they can’t do something, step back and wait.
可以听听幼儿园老师的一些建议。如果你觉得孩子们磨磨蹭蹭出一次门要费半天劲，试想一下，每天六次，老师们得把20个孩子领出教室大门。小学老师是委派任务的高手，这样一来，擅长系鞋带的孩子就成为其他小朋友们的“系鞋带专家”，而掌握了拉拉链技能的孩子可以得到“拉链帮手”的光荣使命，在你还没要求孩子学会“自立”前，班上所有小学生都学会了自己系鞋带、拉拉链、戴手套。下次，如果你的孩子跟你说，他有什么事情不会做，别急着出手，先等一等。
an eternity
表示“极长的一段时间”，英文解释为“a very long time”举个🌰：
The movie went on for what seemed like an eternity.
这部电影长得好像永远演不到头。
delegation
1）表示“（工作、职务或权力等）分配；委派；授权”，英文解释为“the act of delegating a particular job, duty, right, etc. to someone”举个🌰：
Delegation of responsibility is a key part of a manager's job.
分派任务是管理者的一项重要工作内容。
2）表示“代表团”，英文解释为“a group of delegates”。
📍动词delegate表示“（把…）委派（给…），（把…）委托（给…）；授权（给…）”，英文解释为“to give a particular job, duty, right, etc. to someone else so that they do it for you”举个🌰：
As a boss you have to delegate (responsibilities to your staff).
你作为老板必须要分派工作。
📍政府工作报告中经常出现的简政放权就是：streamline administration and delegate power;
shoelace
表示“鞋带”，英文解释为“a thin string or strip of leather used to fasten shoes”举个🌰：
My shoelaces came undone/untied.
我的鞋带松开了。
zipper
表示“拉链，拉锁”，英文解释为“a device consisting of two rows of metal or plastic teeth-like parts that are brought together by pulling a small sliding piece over them, used for closing openings in clothing, bags, etc.”如：to pull a zipper up/down 拉上/拉开拉链。
designate
designate /ˈdezɪɡneɪt/ 1）表示“命名；指定，划定（特征、用途）”，英文解释为“When you designate someone or something as a particular thing, you formally give them that description or name.”举个🌰：
There are efforts under way to designate the bridge (as) a historic landmark.
人们在努力把这座桥定为历史地标。
2）表示“指定，选定；委派”，英文解释为“When you designate someone as something, you formally choose them to do that particular job.”举个🌰：
Designate someone as the spokesperson.
指派某人为发言人。
📍designated作形容词，表示“指定的；特指的，划定的”。
📍类似的有个词dedicated，表示“专用的，专门的”（designed to be used for one particular purpose）举个🌰：
Such areas should also be served by dedicated cycle routes.
这些地区也应该可由自行车专用路线到达。
self-sufficient
表示“（尤指食物）自给自足的；自立的”，英文解释为“able to provide everything you need, especially food, for yourself without the help of other people”举个🌰：
The programme aims to make the country self-sufficient in food production and to cut energy imports.
这个项目旨在使国家在粮食上能自给自足，并减少能源进口。
2. It’s not healthy to give your child constant feedback.
2. 不断给孩子反馈是不健康的。
When children require approval on every scribble, homework problem and picture they draw, it’s probably because they have been offered feedback on every scribble, homework problem and picture they draw. It’s vital that children develop their own internal locus of approval and honest self-assessment, because as they grow up and face hardship, they need to be able to look to themselves for strength and approval. If they can’t, they will be much more susceptible to the superficial external approval that comes their way in the form of peer pressure, bullying and the social jostling. As you wean them off your feedback, turn their “Mommy, is this picture good?” or “Daddy, did I do a good job?” back on them, and ask them how they feel about their work.
如果你的孩子每次涂鸦、作业碰到问题或者画完画，都需要得到你的认可，那也许是因为他们已经对此习以为常了。培养孩子们建立自己内在的认可标准和诚实的自我评价，这一点十分关键，因为随着他们一点点长大，面临艰难险阻，他们需要有能力从自己身上获取力量与认可。要是做不到的话，他们在碰到肤浅的外界评价时将会更加容易受到影响，这些评价有可能是同伴压力，也有可能是霸凌和社交竞争。你得帮他们戒掉对你的反馈的依赖，当孩子们问“妈妈，我这幅画画得好吗？”或者“爸爸，我做得棒不棒呀？”时，你要把问题调过头来，问他们对自己做的成果感觉如何。
scribble
scribble /ˈskrɪb.əl/ 可以作名词，表示“乱写；涂鸦”，英文解释为“a careless piece of writing or drawing”；也可以作动词，表示“匆匆地写；乱涂乱画”，英文解释为“to write or draw something quickly or carelessly”举个🌰：
The baby's just scribbled all over my new dictionary!
这个孩子刚才在我的新词典上乱涂乱画！
locus
locus /ˈləʊ.kəs/ 表示“发生地；关注的焦点；讨论的中心”，英文解释为“the place where something happens or the central area of interest in something being discussed”举个🌰：
The locus of decision-making is sometimes far from the government's offices.
决策的地点有时根本就不在政府的办公室。
susceptible
susceptible /səˈseptəbl/ 表示“易受影响（或伤害等）；敏感；过敏”，英文解释为“very likely to be influenced, harmed or affected by sb/sth”举个🌰：
Some of these plants are more susceptible to frost damage than others.
这些植物中有一些较其他的易受霜冻危害。
superficial
superficial /ˌsuː.pəˈfɪʃ.əl/ 1）表示“表面的，浅显的，肤浅的”，英文解释为“not complete and involving only the most obvious things”举个🌰：
I thought that article was written at a very superficial level.
我认为那篇文章写得很肤浅。
2）表示“（人）浅薄的，肤浅的”，英文解释为“(of a person) never thinking about things that are serious or important”
jostle
jostle /ˈdʒɒs.əl/ 表示“挤；推；撞”，英文解释为“to knock or push roughly against someone in order to move past them or get more space when you are in a crowd of people”举个🌰：
As we came into the arena, we were jostled by fans pushing their way towards the stage.
我们进入场内时，被拥向舞台的歌迷们推来搡去。
📍jostle for sth表示“为…竞争，争夺”，英文解释为“If people jostle for something, they compete with each other in order to get what they want.”
wean sb off sth
wean /wiːn/ sb off sth表示“使（某人）逐渐戒掉；使（某人）脱离”，英文解释为“to make someone gradually stop using something that is bad for them”举个🌰：
It's difficult to wean addicts off cocaine once they're hooked.
一旦对可卡因上了瘾，就很难戒掉。
3. We promise not to believe everything your child says happens at home if you promise not to believe everything your child says happens in our classrooms.
3. 如果你答应，不把孩子说的关于在学校里发生的所有事情都当真，我们也答应你，不会把孩子说的所有家务事都当真。
Experienced teachers know that not everything children share during circle time represents an accurate reflection of what goes on in their home. When, for example, my cousin’s son talked to his entire class that a robot had come to his house and removed his mommy’s lady parts, his teacher was wise enough to remain skeptical. Accordingly, when your child comes home and claims that the teacher screamed and yelled at him in front of the entire class for his low test score, try to give his teacher the benefit of the doubt until you’ve had a chance to talk to the teacher about it.
有经验的老师知道，孩子们在课间休息时分享的故事，并不能准确代表家中的真实情况。比方说，我家姨甥曾跟全班小朋友说，家里来了个机器人，把妈妈的“羞羞部位”给切除了，他的老师明智地对此表示怀疑。相应的，如果你的孩子回到家，说老师因为他的考试成绩太低，在全班同学面前冲着他大吼大叫，在你有机会跟老师把事情问清楚前，最好先假设这位老师是无辜的。
circle time
表示“圈圈座谈时间”，英文解释为“a time in which pre-school or primary school children sit in a circle and take turns to speak, usually with possession of a circulated object being the sign of whose turn it is”
skeptical
skeptical /ˈskep.tɪ.kəl/ 表示“怀疑的，持怀疑态度的”，英文解释为“doubting that something is true or useful”举个🌰：
Many experts remain skeptical about/of his claims.
很多专家对他的主张仍然持怀疑态度。
give sb the benefit of the doubt
表示“把…往好处想；疑罪从无”，英文解释为“to believe something good about someone, rather than something bad, when you have the possibility of doing either”举个🌰：
I didn't know whether his story was true or not, but I decided to give him the benefit of the doubt.
我不知道他说的是真是假，不过我决定姑且相信他这一次。
4. Your children learn and act according to what you do, not what you say.
4. 孩子在学习和行为上，参照的都是你的行动，而不是说教。
You are your child’s first and best teacher, and they learn more from your actions rather than your words. When you tell your child that it’s rude to text during conversations, yet you continue to read your email while pretending to listen to him talk about his day, you are teaching him to distrust your words and your intent, while reinforcing the very behavior you seek to modify.
你是子女最初也是最好的老师，孩子们仿效的是你的行动，而非语言。如果你告诉孩子，一边跟人讲话一边发短信不礼貌，可当你假装听他讲起自己这一天的学校生活，却在继续看着邮件时，你等于是在强化本想去纠正的行为，从而教会他不要相信家长的教导和主张。
reinforce
1）表示“加强；充实；使更强烈；进一步证实（观点、看法等）”，英文解释为“to make a feeling, an idea, etc. stronger”举个🌰：
Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes.
这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
2）表示“加固；使更结实”，英文解释为“to make a structure or material stronger, especially by adding another material to it”举个🌰：
All buildings are now reinforced to withstand earthquakes.
所有建筑现都已加固，以抗地震。
modify
表示“（稍作）修改，更改，改造，改变”，英文解释为“to change something such as a plan, opinion, law, or way of behaviour slightly, usually to improve it or make it more acceptable”举个🌰：
The proposals were unpopular and were only accepted in a modified form.
这些建议不受欢迎，修改之后才得以接受。
In the same vein, if you want to promote a behavior such as a love of learning, model that, too. Seek out new knowledge and experiences; learn something new just for the sake of learning. As teacher S.Q. wrote in an email, “Model intellectual curiosity and a visceral pleasure in learning. Not just the brainy stuff, but anything of interest (how to clean spark plugs, what kinds of wood work best on a wood lathe, what the fox says). Show your own interest in learning by reading, thinking aloud, wondering aloud.”
同样的，如果你想在家中倡导某种行为，比如热爱读书，也得言传身教。追寻新的知识，新的体验；纯粹是为了学习，而学某样新的东西。正如S.Q.老师在邮件中写到的那样：“塑造对知识的渴求（intellectual curiosity）和对于学习内在的愉悦。而且不要仅限于学习书本知识，而要了解各种感兴趣的知识（怎样清洁火花塞，用木工车床最适宜做哪一类的木工活，听听神曲《狐狸叫》）。要向孩子显示自己对学习的热情，你自己就得读书、思考、说出心中的疑惑。”
vein
1）表示“（说话、写作）风格；方式”，英文解释为“in a particular style of speaking or writing about something”举个🌰：
A number of other people commented in a similar vein.
其他一些人也以类似的腔调评论。
2）表示“特质；特征”，英文解释为“a particular quality or characteristic”举个🌰：
A vein of satirical anger runs through all his work.
在他的所有作品中，字里行间都充满了嬉笑怒骂。
curiosity
curiosity /ˌkjʊə.riˈɒs.ə.ti/ 表示“好奇心；求知欲”，英文解释为“an eager wish to know or learn about something”如：to arouse/excite/satisfy someone's curiosity 引起/激发/满足某人的好奇心。
visceral
visceral /ˈvɪs.ər.əl/ 表示“发自内心的；发自肺腑的”，英文解释为“based on deep feeling and emotional reactions rather than on reason or thought”举个🌰：
His approach to acting is visceral rather than intellectual.
他的表演重真情实感，而不是只讲技巧。
spark plug
spark plug /ˈspɑːk ˌplʌɡ/ 表示“火花塞”，英文解释为“a device in an engine that produces an electrical spark that lights the fuel and makes the engine start”
lathe
lathe /leɪð/ 表示“车床，旋床”，英文解释为“a machine for changing the shape of a piece of wood, metal, etc. that works by turning the material while a sharp tool is pressed against it”
5. Teach your children that mistakes aren’t signs of weakness but a vital part of growth and learning.
5. 教会孩子，犯错并非软弱的表现，而是成长和学习不可或缺的一部分。
Let your children see you fail, admit to your mistakes, and talk openly about how you have learned from those mistakes. As teacher K.M. wrote in an email, “Failure is part of the process. It’s what they do after they fail that matters. If you pick them up after their every failure, they learn nothing about how to begin again.”
让孩子们看到你失败的样子，承认你犯了错，并且跟他们开诚布公地探讨你从这些错误中学到了什么。正如K.M.老师在邮件中所写：“失败是学习过程中的一部分。在失败后做了些什么，这才至为关键。如果在孩子每次失败后，你都越俎代庖，他们就没法学会该如何走出第一步了。”
- 今日盘点 -
turn the tables
contrary
zip
an eternity
delegation
shoelace
zipper
designate
self-sufficient
scribble
locus
susceptible
superficial
jostle
wean sb off sth
circle time
skeptical
give sb the benefit of the doubt
reinforce
modify
vein
curiosity
visceral
spark plug
lathe
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