考研缩招？

今天，2023考研大纲正式出炉。

各大高校也陆续公布了2023招生简章和招生目录，有网友发现部分热门高校考研缩招，#考研缩招#的话题今天也引发热议，登上了微博热搜榜第二名。

是制造焦虑还是事实如此？不管怎样，既然选择了远方，便只顾风雨兼程。考研er，加油！

那么，疫情以来国外的招生/入学情况怎么样呢？我们一起来看看。

无注释原文：

New Report: The College Enrollment Decline Worsened This Spring

From: Forbes

May 26, 2022

The decline in college enrollment is worsening. According to a just released report by the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center (NSCRC), total postsecondary enrollment, including both undergraduate and graduate students, decreased by 4.1% - equal to about 685,000 students - in spring 2022 compared to spring 2021. Overall postsecondary enrollment now stands at about 16.2 million students.

Added to the 3.5% drop that was seen in spring 2021, the overall two-year decline in college enrollment has reached 7.4%, or nearly 1.3 million students since spring 2020. The deepening slide dashed hopes that the worst of the pandemic-era erosion of enrollment was over and, instead, raised concerns that other factors - such as growing skepticism over the value of college - may be keeping students away.

Undergraduate enrollment decreased by more than 662,000 students - or 4.7% - from spring 2021, bringing its total two-year decline, roughly corresponding to the period of the Covid-19 pandemic, to 1.4 million students, a decrease of 9.4%. The decline was even steeper than the 3.1% decrease in undergraduate numbers seen last fall.

Graduate student enrollment was off by only .8%, a loss of slightly more than 22,000 students. But that loss contrasts with an increase in graduate school enrollment in spring 2021 of 4.6%.

All institutional sectors experienced enrollment declines this spring, but their severity varied considerably.

· Public community colleges and four-year institutions saw a combined drop of more than 604,000 students, or a 5% decline.

· Community colleges were again hit the hardest, losing about 351,000 students, a 7.8% decrease over last spring. The total loss in community college enrollment since spring 2020 has now reached 827,000 students.

· Public four-year college enrollment was down 3.4%.

· Private four-year institutions saw their enrollment drop 1.7%.

One Bright Spot

The one bright spot to be found in the report is that first-time, first-year enrollment by undergraduate students increased 4.2% this spring, resulting in a gain of 13,700 students. That increase compares to a decline of 3.5%, or 11,800 students, in spring 2021. Whether this increase augurs for anything more than a temporary turnaround in enrollment remains to be seen.

Nearly 340,000 freshmen enrolled for the first time this spring. Community college freshmen increased by 6,000 students or 3.1%, after a decline the previous spring of 23,000 students, a 10.7% loss. Public four-year colleges reported an increase in freshmen of 7,300 students, a gain of 10.8%.

“College enrollment declines appear to be worsening,” said Doug Shapiro, executive director, National Student Clearinghouse Research Center. “Although there may be some signs of a nascent recovery, particularly in a slight increase of first-year students, the numbers are small, and it remains to be seen whether they will translate into a larger freshman recovery in the coming fall.”

· Enrollment of full-time students decreased by 3.8% (403,000 students), while part-timers decreased 4.5% (282,000 students).

· Enrollment of women dropped 4.6%, while among men the decrease was 3.3%. The decrease for women is more than double the loss from the previous year, bringing the two-year, total enrollment decline to 665,000 female students. Female enrollment declined the most at community colleges (-9.2% or 251,000 fewer women versus 100,000 or 5.6% fewer men). Across all sectors, men declined by more than 220,000 students.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

New Report: The College Enrollment Decline Worsened This Spring

From: Forbes

May 26, 2022

The decline in college enrollment is worsening. According to a just released report by the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center (NSCRC), total postsecondary enrollment, including both undergraduate and graduate students, decreased by 4.1% - equal to about 685,000 students - in spring 2022 compared to spring 2021. Overall postsecondary enrollment now stands at about 16.2 million students.

大学入学率的下降正在恶化。根据美国国家学生信息交换中心（NSCRC）刚刚发布的一份报告，与2021年春季相比，2022年春季包括本科生和研究生在内的高等教育总入学率下降了4.1%，相当于约685,000名学生。目前，高等教育总入学人数约为1620万。

enrollment

表示“登记，入学，注册，登记（人数）”，英文解释为“the act of officially joining a course, school, etc.; the number of people who do this”

clearing house

clearing house 表示“信息交流所；信息交换机构”，英文解释为“a central organization that collects and sends out information for other people or organizations”，也可以表示“（银行）票据交换所，结算所，清算中心”，英文解释为“a central office used by banks to collect and send out money and cheques”。

postsecondary

secondary school是中学，post-secondary指的就是中学后各种教育的总称，英文解释为“of, relating to, or being education following secondary school”

Added to the 3.5% drop that was seen in spring 2021, the overall two-year decline in college enrollment has reached 7.4%, or nearly 1.3 million students since spring 2020. The deepening slide dashed hopes that the worst of the pandemic-era erosion of enrollment was over and, instead, raised concerns that other factors - such as growing skepticism over the value of college - may be keeping students away.

除了2021年春季出现下降3.5%之外，自2020年春季以来，大学入学率的年总体下降幅度已达到7.4%，即近130万名学生。入学率不断下滑打破了疫情时代最严重的缩招已经结束的希望，相反，引发了人们对其他因素——如对大学价值的怀疑与日俱增——可能会让学生远离的担忧。

dash sb's hopes

表示“粉碎…的希望，使…的希望破灭”，英文解释为“to destroy someone's hopes”举个🌰：

The defeat dashed their hopes of reaching the final.

失利粉碎了他们进入决赛的希望。

erosion

erosion /ɪˈrəʊ.ʒən/ 1）表示“削弱；逐步的破坏”，英文解释为“the fact of a good quality or situation being gradually lost or destroyed”举个🌰：

The survey reveals a gradual erosion of the president's popularity.

民意调查显示了总统声望的逐渐削弱。

2）表示“侵蚀；腐蚀；磨损”，英文解释为“the fact of soil, stone, etc. being gradually damaged and removed by the waves, rain, or wind”如：soil/coastal erosion 水土流失/海岸侵蚀。

skepticism

美式 skepticism /ˈskep.tə.sɪ.zəm/ 英式 scepticism /ˈskep.tɪ.sɪ.zəm/ 表示“怀疑态度；怀疑主义”，英文解释为“an attitude of doubting that claims or statements are true or that sth will happen”。

Undergraduate enrollment decreased by more than 662,000 students - or 4.7% - from spring 2021, bringing its total two-year decline, roughly corresponding to the period of the Covid-19 pandemic, to 1.4 million students, a decrease of 9.4%. The decline was even steeper than the 3.1% decrease in undergraduate numbers seen last fall.

自2021年春季以来，本科生入学人数减少了66.2万多名，降幅为4.7%，使其两年来总减少140万（大致相当于新冠疫情时期水平），总降幅为9.4%。这一降幅甚至比去年秋季本科生人数下降3.1%还要大。

steep

1）表示“（上升或下降）急剧的，大起大落的”，英文解释为“A steep rise or fall is one that goes very quickly from low to high or from high to low.”举个🌰：

There has been a steep increase/rise in prices.

物价飞涨。

2）表示“（斜坡）陡的，陡峭的”，英文解释为“(of a slope) rising or falling at a sharp angle”如：a steep slope 陡坡。

Graduate student enrollment was off by only .8%, a loss of slightly more than 22,000 students. But that loss contrasts with an increase in graduate school enrollment in spring 2021 of 4.6%.

研究生入学人数仅下降了0.8%，约2.2万多名学生。但这一下降与2021年春季研究生院入学人数增加4.6%形成鲜明对比。

contrast

contrast /ˈkɒn.trɑːst/ 作动词，表示“形成对照；显出明显的差异”，英文解释为“If one thing contrasts with another, it is very different from it.”举个🌰：

The tartness of the lemons contrasts with the sweetness of the honey.

柠檬的酸味和蜂蜜的甜味形成鲜明的对比。

All institutional sectors experienced enrollment declines this spring, but their severity varied considerably.

今年春天，所有院校的入学率都出现了下降，但其严重程度差异很大。

institutional

institutional /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən.əl/ 表示“机构的”，英文解释为“relating to an institution”举个🌰：

The hospital provides typically awful institutional food.

医院供应的是公共机构常见的那种难吃的食物。

severity

表示“严重”，相当于seriousness，举个🌰：

Even the doctors were shocked by the severity of his injuries.

连医生也对他伤势的严重程度感到震惊。

considerably

considerably副词，表示“非常；很；相当多地”，英文解释为“much; a lot”举个🌰：

The need for sleep varies considerably from person to person.

不同的人对睡眠的需要差异相当大。

considerable形容词，表示“相当大的；相当多的；非常可观的；相当重要的”，英文解释为“large or of noticeable importance”举个🌰：

The fire caused considerable damage to it.

那场火灾对此造成了重大损失。

· Public community colleges and four-year institutions saw a combined drop of more than 604,000 students, or a 5% decline.

· 公立社区学院和四年制院校的学生总数下降了60.4万多人，降幅为5%。

· Community colleges were again hit the hardest, losing about 351,000 students, a 7.8% decrease over last spring. The total loss in community college enrollment since spring 2020 has now reached 827,000 students.

· 社区学院再次受到最严重的打击，减少了约35.1万名学生，比去年春季减少了7.8%。自2020年春季以来，社区学院现已减少了82.7万名学生。

· Public four-year college enrollment was down 3.4%.

· 公立四年制院校的入学率下降了3.4%。

· Private four-year institutions saw their enrollment drop 1.7%.

· 私立四年制院校的入学率下降了1.7%。

写作表达积累

花式积累各种入学/招生人数「降低」的表达：

📍xx enrollment decreased by xx%;

📍xx enrollment was off by only xx%;

📍xx saw a drop of xx students, or a xx% decline;

📍The loss in xx enrollment has reached xx;

📍xx enrollment was down xx%;

📍xx saw their enrollment drop xx%;

……

One Bright Spot 一个亮点

The one bright spot to be found in the report is that first-time, first-year enrollment by undergraduate students increased 4.2% this spring, resulting in a gain of 13,700 students. That increase compares to a decline of 3.5%, or 11,800 students, in spring 2021. Whether this increase augurs for anything more than a temporary turnaround in enrollment remains to be seen.

报告中发现的一个亮点是，今年春天，本科新生首次入学人数增加了4.2%，即1.37万名学生。相比之下，2021年春天，学生人数下降了3.5%，即1.18万人。这一增长是否预示着招生人数的暂时好转还有待观察。

augur

augur /ˈɔː.ɡər/ 表示“预示，是…的预兆”，英文解释为“to be a sign of especially good or bad things in the future”举个🌰：

The company's sales figures for the first six months augur well for the rest of the year.

公司前6个月的销售额预示着下半年形势看好。

turnaround

1）表示“（突然）好转，改观，改善”，英文解释为“an occasion when a business, plan, or system suddenly becomes successful”举个🌰：

The CEO was responsible for the turnaround in the company's fortunes.

公司命运的转变归功于首席执行官。

2）表示“（接活到交活之间的）周转期，时限，周转时间”，英文解释为“the amount of time it takes to do a piece of work that you have been given and return it”举个🌰：

It is possible to produce a result within 24 hours but the standard turnaround is 12 days.

有可能在24小时之内得出结果，但正常的周期是12天。

Nearly 340,000 freshmen enrolled for the first time this spring. Community college freshmen increased by 6,000 students or 3.1%, after a decline the previous spring of 23,000 students, a 10.7% loss. Public four-year colleges reported an increase in freshmen of 7,300 students, a gain of 10.8%.

今年春季，有近34万名新生首次入学。社区学院新生增加了6000名学生，增幅为3.1%。上一个春季，社区学院新生减少了2.3万名，降幅为10.7%。公立四年制院校新生增加了7300名，增幅为10.8%。

freshman

freshman /ˈfreʃ.mən/ 表示“（中学或大学的）一年级新生”，英文解释为“a student in the first year of high school, college, or university”举个🌰：

He's a freshman at Harvard.

他是哈佛大学的一年级新生。

enroll

表示“（使）加入；注册；招（生）；吸收”，英文解释为“If you enrol or are enrolled at an institution or in a class, you officially join it.”举个🌰：

I was enrolled at the University in 2016. 

我是2016年上大学的。

“College enrollment declines appear to be worsening,” said Doug Shapiro, executive director, National Student Clearinghouse Research Center. “Although there may be some signs of a nascent recovery, particularly in a slight increase of first-year students, the numbers are small, and it remains to be seen whether they will translate into a larger freshman recovery in the coming fall.”

NSCRC执行主任道格·夏皮罗（Doug Shapiro）表示：“大学入学人数的下降似乎正在恶化。尽管可能出现了一些复苏的初步迹象，尤其是一年级学生人数略有增加，但这个数字很小，能否在即将到来的秋季转化为更大规模的新生复苏还有待观察。”

nascent

nascent /ˈnæsənt/ 表示“新生的；初期的；开始发展的”，英文解释为“Nascent things or processes are just beginning, and are expected to become stronger or to grow bigger.”如：the still nascent science of psychology 方兴未艾的心理学，a nascent problem 新出现的问题。

· Enrollment of full-time students decreased by 3.8% (403,000 students), while part-timers decreased 4.5% (282,000 students).

· 全日制学生的入学率下降了3.8%（40.3万名学生），而在职学生下降了4.5%（28.2万名学生）。

part-timer

part-timer /ˌpɑːtˈtaɪ.mər/ 表示“兼职者，从事兼职工作的人”，英文解释为“someone who works part-time”

· Enrollment of women dropped 4.6%, while among men the decrease was 3.3%. The decrease for women is more than double the loss from the previous year, bringing the two-year, total enrollment decline to 665,000 female students. Female enrollment declined the most at community colleges (-9.2% or 251,000 fewer women versus 100,000 or 5.6% fewer men). Across all sectors, men declined by more than 220,000 students.

· 女性入学人数下降了4.6%，而男性入学人数下降了3.3%。女性入学人数的下降是前一年的两倍多，两年的总入学人数下降了66.5万。社区学院的女性入学人数下降幅度最大（女性减少9.2%，即25.1万人，男性减少10万人，即5.6%）。在所有院校，男性学生减少了22万多人。

- 今日盘点 -

enrollment

clearing house

postsecondary

dash sb's hopes

erosion

skepticism

steep

contrast

institutional

severity

considerably

augur

turnaround

freshman

enroll

nascent

part-timer

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