头像会影响聊天欲吗

在社交媒体平台上，「头像」是用户展示自我的重要标志之一。有的人头像使用后几乎不换，有的人看心情搭配头像，头像会影响聊天欲吗？头像能反映人的性格吗？

无注释原文：

What Your Facebook Profile Pic Says About You

From: Bustle

April 22, 2017

It turns out the old cliche "a picture is worth a thousand words" is true, at least when it comes to your Facebook profile picture. A study from the University of Pennsylvania reveals what your Facebook profile picture says about you, and your personality. Are you an extravert, conscientious, or neurotic? It turns out that — just like the Magic 8 Ball — your social media profile picture knows all.

"Extraverts enjoy interacting with others, have high group visibility and are perceived as energetic. This could lead to extraverts using profile pictures involving other people or where they express more positive emotions," states the study titled Analyzing Personality through Social Media Profile Picture Choice. "Users high in conscientiousness tend to be more orderly and prefer planned behaviors. This could lead users to conform to norms of what is expected from a profile picture i.e., a frontal photography of themselves."

The study analyzes a broad range of interpretable image features from profile pictures, such as colors, aesthetics, facial presentation, and emotions. Working with these features, researchers uncovered their relationships with personality attributes from the big five model of personality traits — extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.

Using a large sample of more than 60,000 people, and existing state-of-the-art text prediction methods, the study seeks to present a psychological profiling procedure that helps users better match their images with their online persona.

"Conversely, users high in openness to experience may be more inclined to choose unconventional images and poses, as a general inclination of this type of people for art and novelty," the study states. "Neuroticism is associated with negative emotions, which could also be reflected through users’ choices of profile images."

Researchers chose to focus their efforts on studying profile pictures because they reflect the impressions we want to convey to others. And, if you think you can trick people into thinking you're easy going when you're actually neurotic, I have bad news. You can't.

"Although social media allows a user to shape his or her own personality and idealized view (the ‘idealized virtual identity hypothesis’), evidence shows that social media behavior usually represents an extension of one’s self (the ‘extended real life hypothesis’)," researchers from the study claim, adding that algorithms were able to correctly assess users' personalities 65 percent of the time. The good news is you still have a 35 percent chance of fooling us.

Here's the quick and dirty about what your Facebook profile picture says about your personality. According to the study:

· Conscientiousness is the personality trait associated with orderliness, planned behavior and self discipline. Conscientious people choose colorful, natural, and bright images where they are smiling, and generally appear happy.

· Extraversion is a trait marked by engagement with the outside world. Extraverted people often select a sharp, colorful profile image that contains multiple, young-looking people, generally not wearing glasses (which is associated with introverts).

· Agreeableness is characterized by social harmony and cooperation. Agreeable people choose soft, cluttered, less aesthetically pleasing images than their counterparts, though they do display positive emotions, like joy.

· Neuroticism is associated with the experience of negative emotions and emotional instability, and thus neurotic people generally display simple, un-colorful images with negative color emotions. Facial expressions often lack openness, and include glasses, though neurotic people often choose profile images without visible faces.

· Openness is separated into the sub-traits ‘Intellect’ and ‘Openness to Experience’. Open people tend to choose appealing though less colorful, images, with increased contrast, sharpness, saturation and less blur. Additionally, open people tend to display a wider range of emotions in their profile pictures.

The University of Pennsylvania study concludes that users who are open or neurotic tend to post less photos of people, and when people are present, they tend not to express positive emotions, though the aesthetic quality of the photos is higher for openness and lower for neuroticism.

Conscientiousness, agreeable, and extraverted users prefer pictures with at least one face, generally and present positive emotions through their facial expressions, but conscientious users seem to play by the rules, and post the general definition of a profile picture: pictures of one face that expresses the most positive emotion out of all traits.

So, now that you know which one you are, is your trait most or least likely to attract friends? Another study from Toronto’s York University found that people are more interested in being friends with those whose pictures displayed open eyes, an oval face, a smile, and brown hair, according to the Washington Post. Additionally, people interpreted those wearing sweaters as being more approachable.

If you aren't thrilled with your trait, now that you understand the algorithm, perhaps you can consciously buck the trend, because why should Facebook know everything about you?

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

What Your Facebook Profile Pic Says About You

From: Bustle

April 22, 2017

It turns out the old cliche "a picture is worth a thousand words" is true, at least when it comes to your Facebook profile picture. A study from the University of Pennsylvania reveals what your Facebook profile picture says about you, and your personality. Are you an extravert, conscientious, or neurotic? It turns out that — just like the Magic 8 Ball — your social media profile picture knows all.

事实证明，“一图胜千言”这句老话是对的，至少在你的脸书（Facebook）头像上是如此。宾夕法尼亚大学（University of Pennsylvania）的一项研究揭示了你的脸书头像与你和你的性格的关系。你是外向者、有责任心的还是神经质的？事实证明，就像魔力八号球（Magic 8 Ball）一样，你在社交媒体平台的头像无所不知。

cliché

表示“陈词滥调，老生常谈，老套的话”，英文解释为“a saying or remark that is very often made and is therefore not original and not interesting”举个🌰：

My wedding day - and I know it's a cliché - was just the happiest day of my life.

我结婚那天——我知道这是老生常谈——是我一生中最幸福的一天。

profile

profile一词经常出现，1）表示“（有关某人的）简介，概况”，英文解释为“A profile of someone is a short article or programme in which their life and character are described.”举个🌰：

A newspaper published comparative profiles of the candidates' wives.

一份报纸刊登了候选人妻子们的对比简介。

2）表示“关注度”，英文解释为“If someone has a high profile, people notice them and what they do. If you keep a low profile, you avoid doing things that will make people notice you.”常用：a high profile 惹人注目/关注；高姿态，a low profile 不惹人注目，低姿态；如：a move that would give Egypt a much higher profile in the upcoming peace talks 会给埃及在即将到来的和平谈判中高关注度的一个行动。

📍如果你把微信语言设置成英文，你就会发现微信官方把头像处理成：Profile Photo，上面的“My Profile”对应的中文则是“个人信息”。

extravert

extravert = extrovert /ˈɛkstrəˌvɜːt/ 表示“性格外向的人”，英文解释为“an energetic happy person who enjoys being with other people”举个🌰：

Most sales people are extroverts.

大多数推销员都是性格外向的人。

conscientious

表示“认真的；勤勉认真的；一丝不苟的”，英文解释为“Someone who is conscientious is very careful to do their work properly.”举个🌰：

We are generally very conscientious about our work.

我们一般对工作都是很认真的。

neurotic

neurotic /njʊəˈrɒt.ɪk/ 作形容词，表示“神经过敏的，神经质的”，英文解释为“behaving strangely or in an anxious (= worried and nervous) way, often because you have a mental illness”如：neurotic behaviour/tendencies 神经质的行为/倾向；

作名词，表示“神经过敏者，神经质者；神经官能症患者”，英文解释为“someone who behaves strangely, often because they have a mental illness”

Magic 8 Ball

神奇八号球（Magic 8 Ball），或译魔力8球，是一个占卜类的小玩具。它的外型可能略大于或等同八号球，它有一面模仿8号球图案，另一面为三角形窗口，而内部中空并注有液体。此玩具的玩法为：先将窗口朝下，同时向球问是非题，接着轻轻摇晃后再将窗口面转上，之后在球内的二十面体中会有一道答案浮现在窗口。（Wikipedia）

"Extraverts enjoy interacting with others, have high group visibility and are perceived as energetic. This could lead to extraverts using profile pictures involving other people or where they express more positive emotions," states the study titled Analyzing Personality through Social Media Profile Picture Choice. "Users high in conscientiousness tend to be more orderly and prefer planned behaviors. This could lead users to conform to norms of what is expected from a profile picture i.e., a frontal photography of themselves."

“外向者喜欢与他人互动，群体知名度高，被认为是精力充沛的人。这可能会导致外向者使用涉及他人或表达更积极情绪的头像，”这项名为“通过社交媒体头像选择分析性格”（Analyzing Personality through Social Media Profile Picture Choice）的研究指出。“尽责性强的用户往往更有条理，更喜欢有计划的行为。这可能会导致用户上传的头像符合预期规范，即自己的正面照片。”

interact

表示“交流，交往；互相作用，互相影响”，英文解释为“to communicate with or react to”举个🌰：

Her teacher says that she interacts well with the other children.

她的老师说她与别的孩子相处得很好。

perceive

1）表示“感知，察觉，注意到，意识到”，英文解释为“to see something or someone, or to notice something that is obvious”举个🌰：

He perceived a tiny figure in the distance.

他注意到远处有个很小的身影。

2）表示“认为；看待；视为”，英文解释为“to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something”举个🌰：

How do the French perceive the British?

法国人是如何看待英国人的？

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述比特币的文章中提到：Scarcity is a trait of many things that are perceived to have value. 稀缺性正是许多被视为有价值的事物共有的特征。

energetic

energetic /ˌen.əˈdʒet.ɪk/ 表示“精力充沛的；充满活力的”，英文解释为“having or involving a lot of energy”如：an energetic young woman 精力充沛的年轻女子。

conform to/with sth

conform to/with 表示“遵守，遵照；符合，达到；依照”，英文解释为“to obey a rule or reach the necessary stated standard, or to do things in a traditional way”举个🌰：

Before buying the baby's car seat , make sure that it conforms to the official safety standards.

购买婴儿车之前，要确保它符合官方的安全标准。

norm

表示“规范；行为标准”，英文解释为“standards of behaviour that are typical of or accepted within a particular group or society”，如：social/cultural norms 社会/文化规范。

The study analyzes a broad range of interpretable image features from profile pictures, such as colors, aesthetics, facial presentation, and emotions. Working with these features, researchers uncovered their relationships with personality attributes from the big five model of personality traits — extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.

这项研究分析了头像中大量可解释的图像特征，如颜色、美学、面部表现和情绪。研究人员利用这些特征，从人格的大五模式中——外向性、宜人性、开放性、尽责性和神经质——发现了它们与人格特质的关系。

五大性格特质

大五人格理论中的五种性格特点（Big Five personality traits）：

· 宜人性/亲和性（agreeableness）是：具有信任、利他、直率、依从、谦虚、移情等特质。

· 开放性/经验开放性（openness/openness to experience）：具有想象、审美、情感丰富、求异、创造、智能等特质。

· 责任心/尽责性（conscientiousness）：显示胜任、公正、条理、尽职、成就、自律、谨慎、克制等特点。

· 外倾性/外向性（extraversion）：表现出热情、社交、果断、活跃、冒险、乐观等特质。

· 神经质（neuroticism）：具有平衡焦虑、敌对、压抑、自我意识、冲动、脆弱等情绪的特质，即具有保持情绪稳定的能力。（百度百科）

📍想知道自己是属于什么样的性格特质？扫描下方二维码进行测试。

interpretable

interpretable /ɪnˈtɜː.prə.tə.bəl/ 表示“可解释的，可阐明的”，英文解释为“If something is interpretable, it is possible to find its meaning or possible to find a particular meaning in it.”举个🌰：

The research models failed to produce interpretable solutions.

研究模型无法提供可解释的解决方案。

aesthetics

aesthetics /iːsˈθɛtɪks/ 表示“美学”，英文解释为“Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy concerned with the study of the idea of beauty.”

trait

表示“特征，特性，品质”，英文解释为“a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour”举个🌰：

His sense of humour is one of his better traits.

具有幽默感是他更讨人喜欢的特点之一。

Using a large sample of more than 60,000 people, and existing state-of-the-art text prediction methods, the study seeks to present a psychological profiling procedure that helps users better match their images with their online persona.

这项研究使用了超过6万人的大样本，以及现有的最先进的文本预测方法，试图提出一种心理剖析程序，帮助用户更好地将他们的形象与他们的网上头像相匹配。

state-of-the-art

state-of-the-art表示“十分先进的；应用最新理念（或方法）的”，英文解释为“very modern and using the most recent ideas and methods”如：a state-of-the-art computer 最先进的计算机。

类似的：

📍cutting-edge字面意思是“刀刃，刀口”，实际上表示某事物发展的“最尖端，最前沿”，和state-of-the-art同义，State of the art, the highest level of development, as of a device, technique, or scientific field，举个🌰：

The research is at the cutting edge of computer science.

这项研究处于计算机科学的最前沿。

persona

表示“（同本人真实品格不一致的）表面形象，表象人格”，英文解释为“the particular type of character that a person seems to have and that is often different from their real or private character”举个🌰：

He had a shy, retiring side to his personality that was completely at odds with his public persona.

他性格里有害羞内向的一面，这和他的公众形象极不相符。

"Conversely, users high in openness to experience may be more inclined to choose unconventional images and poses, as a general inclination of this type of people for art and novelty," the study states. "Neuroticism is associated with negative emotions, which could also be reflected through users’ choices of profile images."

“相反，经验开放性高的用户可能更倾向于选择非常规的头像和姿势，这是这类人对艺术和新奇事物的普遍倾向，”该研究指出。“神经质与负面情绪有关，这也可能反映在用户对头像的选择上。”

conversely

表示“相反地；反过来”，英文解释为“You say conversely to indicate that the situation you are about to describe is the opposite or reverse of the one you have just described.”举个🌰：

You can add the fluid to the powder, or, conversely, the powder to the fluid.

可把液体加入粉末，或者相反，把粉末加入液体。

区分：

📍adversely表示“不利地；有害地；反面地”，英文解释为“negative and unpleasant; not likely to produce a good result”

inclined

表示“倾向于…的”，英文解释为“likely or wanting to do something”举个🌰：

He is inclined to be lazy.

他喜欢偷懒。

unconventional

unconventional /ˌʌn.kənˈven.ʃən.əl/ 表示“不因循守旧的；不同寻常的”，英文解释为“different from what is usual or from the way most people do things”如：an unconventional childhood/lifestyle/marriage 不一样的童年/生活方式/婚姻

inclination

inclination /ˌɪn.klɪˈneɪ.ʃən/  1）表示“倾向；爱好；意向”，英文解释为“a feeling that you want to do a particular thing, or the fact that you prefer or are more likely to do a particular thing”举个🌰：

My own inclination would be to look for another job.

我个人的意向是另找一份工作。

2）表示“倾角，斜角”，英文解释为“the angle at which something slopes”。

Researchers chose to focus their efforts on studying profile pictures because they reflect the impressions we want to convey to others. And, if you think you can trick people into thinking you're easy going when you're actually neurotic, I have bad news. You can't.

研究人员选择专注于研究头像，因为它们反映了我们想传达给别人的印象。如果你认为你可以欺骗人们，让他们认为你很随和，而你实际上具有神经质特征，那么我有个坏消息，你骗不了别人。

"Although social media allows a user to shape his or her own personality and idealized view (the ‘idealized virtual identity hypothesis’), evidence shows that social media behavior usually represents an extension of one’s self (the ‘extended real life hypothesis’)," researchers from the study claim, adding that algorithms were able to correctly assess users' personalities 65 percent of the time. The good news is you still have a 35 percent chance of fooling us.

该研究的研究人员声称，“尽管社交媒体允许用户塑造自己的个性和理想化的观点（‘理想化的虚拟身份假说’），但有证据表明，社交媒体行为通常代表了一个人自我的延伸（‘延伸的现实生活假说’），”并补充说，算法评估用户性格的准确率在65%内。好消息是，你仍然有35%的机会愚弄我们。

hypothesis

表示“假设，假说”，英文解释为“an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proved”举个🌰：

Several hypotheses for global warming have been suggested.

已经提出了好几种全球变暖的假说。

represent

represent /ˌrep.rɪˈzent/ 表示“表示；象征；代表；表现；展现；描绘；描述”，英文解释为“to be a sign or symbol of something；to show or describe something or someone”举个🌰：

To many people the White House represents the identity of the United States.

在许多人看来，白宫是美国的象征。

extension

extension /ɪkˈsten.ʃən/ 表示“伸展；延伸”，英文解释为“the fact of reaching, stretching, or continuing; the act of adding to something in order to make it bigger or longer”举个🌰：

I've applied for an extension to my visa (= asked for it to last longer).

我已经申请将签证延期。

algorithm

algorithm /ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm/ 表示“算法；计算程序”，英文解释为“a set of rules that must be followed when solving a particular problem”。

Here's the quick and dirty about what your Facebook profile picture says about your personality. According to the study:

以下是你的脸书头像对你性格的粗略描述。根据这项研究：

quick and dirty

表示“粗制滥造的，敷衍了事的”，英文解释为“produced quickly and therefore not perfect”如：a quick and dirty way to evaluate an investment 粗略的投资评估办法，举个🌰：

The original solution was admittedly quick and dirty.

不可否认的是最初的解决方案有些敷衍了事。

· Conscientiousness is the personality trait associated with orderliness, planned behavior and self discipline. Conscientious people choose colorful, natural, and bright images where they are smiling, and generally appear happy.

· 尽责性是与有条不紊、有计划的行为和自律相关的人格特征。尽责性强的人选择色彩鲜艳、自然、明亮的形象照片，照片中的他们面带微笑，通常看起来很快乐。

· Extraversion is a trait marked by engagement with the outside world. Extraverted people often select a sharp, colorful profile image that contains multiple, young-looking people, generally not wearing glasses (which is associated with introverts).

· 外向性是一种以与外界接触为标志的特征。外向者通常会选择一个清晰、丰富多彩的头像，其中包含多个看起来年轻的人，通常不戴眼镜（这与内向者有关）。

· Agreeableness is characterized by social harmony and cooperation. Agreeable people choose soft, cluttered, less aesthetically pleasing images than their counterparts, though they do display positive emotions, like joy.

· 宜人性的特点是人际和谐与合作。具有宜人性特征的人选择柔和、杂乱、不那么美观的形象，尽管他们确实表现出积极的情绪，比如快乐。

clutter

clutter /ˈklʌtə/ 作动词，表示“凌乱地塞满；乱堆放”，英文解释为“to fill a place with too many things, so that it is untidy”举个🌰：

Every shelf is cluttered with ornaments.

每层架子上都塞满了装饰品。

counterpart

counterpart一词经常出现，counter-表示“相反的；对立的；相应的”（opposite; against; in return; corresponding），和part一起就是“对立的，相应的事物”，从而表示“职位相当的人；作用相当的事物”，英文解释为“Somene's or something's counterpart is another person or thing that has a similar function or position in a different place.”

· Neuroticism is associated with the experience of negative emotions and emotional instability, and thus neurotic people generally display simple, un-colorful images with negative color emotions. Facial expressions often lack openness, and include glasses, though neurotic people often choose profile images without visible faces.

· 神经质与负面情绪和情绪不稳定的经历有关，因此具有神经质特征的人通常会展示带有负面色彩情绪的简单、不多彩的图像。面部表情通常缺乏开放性、戴着眼镜，尽管具有神经质特征的人经常选择看不到人脸的头像。

· Openness is separated into the sub-traits ‘Intellect’ and ‘Openness to Experience’. Open people tend to choose appealing though less colorful, images, with increased contrast, sharpness, saturation and less blur. Additionally, open people tend to display a wider range of emotions in their profile pictures.

· 开放性分为“才智”和“经验开放性”两个子特征。具有开放性特征的人倾向于选择吸引人的图像，这些图像虽然色彩较少，但具有更强的对比度、清晰度、饱和度以及不那么模糊。此外，具有开放性特征的人倾向于在他们的头像中表现出更广泛的情绪。

saturation

saturation /ˌsætʃ.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ 表示“饱和”，英文解释为“the degree to which something is dissolved in something else, compared with the maximum possible degree”举个🌰：

As the degree of saturation increases, the oil progresses towards being fully hydrogenated.

随着饱和程度上升，油朝着完全氢化的方向变化。

blur

blur /blɜːr/ 表示“模糊形状；模糊的东西”，英文解释为“a shape that you cannot see clearly, often because it is moving too fast”举个🌰：

If I don't wear my glasses, everything is just a blur.

如果不戴眼镜，我看任何东西都是模糊的。

The University of Pennsylvania study concludes that users who are open or neurotic tend to post less photos of people, and when people are present, they tend not to express positive emotions, though the aesthetic quality of the photos is higher for openness and lower for neuroticism.

宾夕法尼亚大学的研究得出结论，具有开放性或神经质的用户很少上传人的头像，当头像有人时，他们往往表达不积极的情绪，尽管照片的美学质量在具有开放性特征的人群中更高，而在具有神经质特征的人群中更低。

Conscientiousness, agreeable, and extraverted users prefer pictures with at least one face, generally and present positive emotions through their facial expressions, but conscientious users seem to play by the rules, and post the general definition of a profile picture: pictures of one face that expresses the most positive emotion out of all traits.

具有尽责性、宜人性和外向性特征的用户更喜欢至少有一张脸的照片，通常通过他们的面部表情来表达积极的情绪，但是具有尽责性特征的用户似乎遵守规则，并按照个人头像的一般性定义来上传头像：一张人脸照片表达了在所有特征中最积极的情绪。

So, now that you know which one you are, is your trait most or least likely to attract friends? Another study from Toronto’s York University found that people are more interested in being friends with those whose pictures displayed open eyes, an oval face, a smile, and brown hair, according to the Washington Post. Additionally, people interpreted those wearing sweaters as being more approachable.

那么，现在你知道你是哪种性格特质了，你的特质最有可能还是最不可能吸引朋友？据《华盛顿邮报》（The Washington Post）报道，多伦多约克大学的另一项研究发现，人们更有兴趣和那些照片上睁着眼睛、椭圆形脸、微笑和棕色头发的人成为朋友。此外，人们认为穿毛衣的人更平易近人。

oval

oval /ˈoʊ.vəl/ 第四金！高亭宇！破纪录！创历史！文中表示“椭圆形体育场，椭圆形跑道；澳大利亚式橄榄球球场”，英文解释为“a racetrack in the shape of an oval or a rectangle having rounded corners；a ground for Australian Rules football.”

也可以表示“椭圆形的；卵形的”，英文解释为“shaped like a circle that is flattened so that it is like an egg or an ellipse”如：an oval mirror 椭圆形镜子，an oval face 鹅蛋脸。

approachable

approachable /əˈprəʊ.tʃə.bəl/ 表示“友善的；易接近的”，英文解释为“friendly and easy to talk to”举个🌰：

He's always very approachable - why don't you talk the problem over with him?

他一向很友善——你为什么不跟他谈谈这个问题呢？

If you aren't thrilled with your trait, now that you understand the algorithm, perhaps you can consciously buck the trend, because why should Facebook know everything about you?

如果你对自己的性格特质不感兴趣，现在你了解了算法，也许你可以有意地反其道而行之，因为何必要让脸书了解你的一切呢？

thrill

thrill /θrɪl/ 表示“（使）兴奋；（使）激动；（使）紧张”，英文解释为“to make someone feel very excited and pleased”，举个🌰：

The 22-year-old swimmer thrilled the world with his performance.

这位22岁的游泳选手以他的表现让全世界激动。

buck the trend

表示“逆潮流，逆势”，英文解释为“to be obviously different from the way that a situation is developing generally, especially in connection with financial matters”举个🌰：

This company is the only one to have bucked the trend of a declining industry.

这家公司是在行业日益不景气的情况下唯一一家蒸蒸日上的企业。

- 今日盘点 -

cliché

profile

extravert

conscientious

neurotic

interact

perceive

energetic

conform to/with sth

norm

interpretable

aesthetics

trait

state-of-the-art

persona

conversely

inclined

unconventional

inclination

hypothesis

represent

extension

algorithm

quick and dirty

clutter

counterpart

saturation

blur

oval

approachable

thrill

buck the trend

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