谁能保护遭受网暴的老师？
近日，河南一位教师疑因上网课时遭受“网课爆破”后在家中猝死。
网课时代下，「网课爆破」也逐渐增多，其本质也是网络暴力。老师遭受网络暴力的现象也值得我们的关注。
无注释原文：
Teachers suffer cyberbullying by pupils and parents
From: The Guardian
30 Mar 2010
More than one in seven teachers has been the victim of cyberbullying by pupils or parents, and almost half know a colleague who has been targeted, according to a survey published today.
Students have set up "hate" groups on social networking sites calling for specific teachers to be sacked and have even created fake profiles in their names containing defamatory information.
Schools must make clear to pupils that such behaviour will lead to punishment, the Association of Teachers and Lecturers (ATL) said.
One delegate at the union's annual conference told of a teacher who had been called to the head's office to be informed that a Facebook page in his name listed interests that included "underage sex with both boys and girls". It was removed after he told pupils police were investigating.
Nick Clayton, of ATL's Wirral branch, told the audience in Manchester of "sinister" groups on Facebook and Bebo "aggressively calling for the heads of perfectly competent, yet firm, teachers".
"If Ofsted can give you goosebumps, a Facebook critique can bring you to tears as a teacher," he said.
One head of department at an independent school said that his experience of cyberbullying was the worst week of his career.
A secondary school teacher said he had been upset and worried about being a source of ridicule among students after a video of him in the classroom was posted on YouTube.
The survey of 630 teachers and support staff found that 15% had been bullied online – with tactics ranging from abusive messages to hate sites and photographs or videos being posted.
Some 45% knew a colleague who had been a victim, and 17% were aware of hate groups being set up to target others.
ATL's executive committee is to develop advice on the dangers of social networking for its members, after delegates voted for a resolution calling for more help.
Several teachers also raised concerns about the number of pupils aged nine or 10, and some even younger, who were lying about their age to get on Facebook. The site's rules state that all users must be 13 or over.
The ATL's general secretary, Mary Bousted, said: "There have been some horrendous incidents of cyberbullying reported in this survey, which have made people's lives miserable.
"Bullying is no less serious whether it is done face-to-face or via a social networking site.
"Schools and colleges need to have clear policies to deal with it, and make sure that pupils will face appropriate punishment if they engage in any form of bullying – cyber or otherwise."
Facebook said it disabled any accounts that were found to breach its rules on bullying and harrassment by intimidating others.
"Facebook is highly self-regulating, and we encourage users to report questionable or offensive content," a spokeswoman said. "Facebook takes all complaints by users seriously and we have a dedicated team investigating these complaints."
She added that anyone who wanted to report an underage user could easily do so on the site and the profile would quickly be removed. Fake profiles also breach rules and should be reported.
Julian Stanley, chief executive of the Teacher Support Network, said the organisation had seen a marked increase in calls and emails from teachers who had experienced online abuse.
"Schools are seriously lagging behind in implementing policies that could prevent this kind of bullying," he said.
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
Teachers suffer cyberbullying by pupils and parents
From: The Guardian
30 Mar 2010
More than one in seven teachers has been the victim of cyberbullying by pupils or parents, and almost half know a colleague who has been targeted, according to a survey published today.
根据今天发布的一项调查，超过七分之一的教师曾是学生或家长网络霸凌的受害者，几乎一半的教师有过曾被霸凌的同事。
cyberbully
表示“网络欺凌”，英文解释为“someone who uses the internet to harm or frighten another person, especially by sending them unpleasant messages”.
Students have set up "hate" groups on social networking sites calling for specific teachers to be sacked and have even created fake profiles in their names containing defamatory information.
学生们在社交网站上建立了“仇恨”团体，呼吁解雇特定的教师，甚至以他们的名义创建了包含诽谤信息的虚假个人资料。
sack
解雇除了常见的fire一词，sack也表示“解雇，开除”，英文解释为“to remove someone from a job, usually because they have done something wrong or badly, or sometimes as a way of saving the cost of employing them”举个🌰：
They sacked her for being late.
因为迟到，他们把她开除了。
类似的还有：
📍dismiss表示“解雇；免职；开除”，英文解释为“to officially remove sb from their job”举个🌰：
She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post.
她声称自己被无理免职。
profile
defamatory
defamatory /dɪˈfæm.ə.tər.i/ 表示“诋毁的，中伤的，败坏他人名誉的”，英文解释为“damaging the reputation of a person or group by saying or writing bad things about them that are not true”举个🌰：
He claims the remarks were highly defamatory.
他声称这些言论是严重的诽谤。
Schools must make clear to pupils that such behaviour will lead to punishment, the Association of Teachers and Lecturers (ATL) said.
英国教师与讲师协会（ATL）表示，学校必须向学生表明，这种行为将受到惩罚。
One delegate at the union's annual conference told of a teacher who had been called to the head's office to be informed that a Facebook page in his name listed interests that included "underage sex with both boys and girls". It was removed after he told pupils police were investigating.
一名参加该协会年会的代表说，一名教师被叫到校长办公室，被告知他名下的Facebook页面列出了包括“与男孩和女孩发生未成年性行为”在内的兴趣。在他告诉学生警方正在调查后，该页面被删除了。
delegate
作名词，表示“（尤指会议的）代表”，英文解释为“a person chosen or elected by a group to speak, vote, etc. for them, especially at a meeting”
作动词，表示“（把…）委派（给…），（把…）委托（给…）；授权（给…）”，英文解释为“to give a particular job, duty, right, etc. to someone else so that they do it for you”举个🌰：
As a boss you have to delegate (responsibilities to your staff).
你作为老板必须要分派工作。
📍政府工作报告中经常出现的简政放权就是：streamline administration and delegate power，
underage
1）表示“（人）未到法定年龄的”，英文解释为“A person who is underage is legally too young to do something, for example to drink alcohol, have sex, or vote.”举个🌰：
Underage youths can obtain alcohol from their older friends.
未到法定年龄的孩子可以从他们年长的朋友那里得到酒。
2）表示“（行为）未到法定年龄的”，英文解释为“Underage activities such as drinking or smoking are carried out by people who are legally too young to do them.”如：his efforts to stop underage drinking and drug abuse 他阻止未到法定年龄的人喝酒和吸毒的努力。
Nick Clayton, of ATL's Wirral branch, told the audience in Manchester of "sinister" groups on Facebook and Bebo "aggressively calling for the heads of perfectly competent, yet firm, teachers".
教师与讲师协会威尔拉尔分部的尼克·克莱顿（Nick Clayton）在曼彻斯特向观众讲述了Facebook和Bebo网站上的“邪恶”团体，“挑衅地要求非常称职但严格的教师被开除”。
sinister
sinister /ˈsɪnɪstə/ 表示“不祥的，凶兆的；阴险的；邪恶的”，英文解释为“making you feel that something evil, dangerous, or illegal is happening or will happen”举个🌰：
There is a sinister side to these events.
这些事件有邪恶的一面。
call for (someone's) head
表示“要求严厉惩罚（解雇、开除等）”，英文解释为“To demand that someone be severely punished, especially by being fired, expelled, or removed from a role or position.”
📍Originally, it meant that people wanted a person to be killed.
competent
表示“有能力的；能干的；称职的”，英文解释为“able to do something well”如：a competent cook 能干的厨师。
"If Ofsted can give you goosebumps, a Facebook critique can bring you to tears as a teacher," he said.
“如果英国教育标准局（Ofsted）会让你起鸡皮疙瘩，那么作为一名教师，Facebook上的评论会让你流泪，”他说。
goosebumps
goosebumps /ˈɡuːs.bʌmps/ 表示“（由于寒冷、害怕或激动而起的）鸡皮疙瘩”，英文解释为“small raised areas that appear on the skin because of cold, fear, or excitement”举个🌰：
You're cold - look, you've got goosebumps!
你觉得冷吧——瞧，你都起鸡皮疙瘩了！
critique
critique /krɪˈtiːk/ 表示“评论文章，评论（常指否定的评论）”，英文解释为“a report of something such as a political situation or system, or a person's work or ideas, that examines it and provides a judgment, especially a negative one”
One head of department at an independent school said that his experience of cyberbullying was the worst week of his career.
一所独立学校的系主任表示，他的网络霸凌经历是他职业生涯中最糟糕的一周。
A secondary school teacher said he had been upset and worried about being a source of ridicule among students after a video of him in the classroom was posted on YouTube.
一名中学老师说，他在教室里的视频被发布到YouTube后，他一直很沮丧，担心会成为学生嘲笑的来源。
secondary
secondary /ˈsek.ən.dri/ 1）表示“中学的”，英文解释为“relating to the education of children approximately between the ages of 11 and 18 years old”如：secondary education 中等教育。
2）表示“次要的；从属的；辅助的”，英文解释为“less important than sth else”举个🌰：
That is just a secondary consideration.
那只不过是次要的因素。
ridicule
表示“嘲笑；奚落；戏弄”，英文解释为“unkind words or actions that make someone or something look stupid”举个🌰：
She was treated with scorn and ridicule by her colleagues when she applied for the job.
她申请那份工作时，受到了同事们的嘲弄和奚落。
The survey of 630 teachers and support staff found that 15% had been bullied online – with tactics ranging from abusive messages to hate sites and photographs or videos being posted.
对630名教师和后勤人员的调查发现，15%的人在网上受到霸凌——手段从辱骂信息到仇恨网站以及发布照片或视频。
abusive
1）表示“恶毒残暴的”，英文解释为“Someone who is abusive behaves in a cruel and violent way toward other people.”举个🌰：
He became violent and abusive toward his mother.
他对待他妈妈变得粗暴而又残酷。
2）表示“侮辱的”，英文解释为“Abusive language is extremely rude and insulting.”举个🌰：
I did not use any foul or abusive language. 我没有使用过任何粗话或侮辱性的语言。
Some 45% knew a colleague who had been a victim, and 17% were aware of hate groups being set up to target others.
大约45%的人有过曾经受到霸凌的同事，17%的人知道正在建立针对他人的仇恨团体。
ATL's executive committee is to develop advice on the dangers of social networking for its members, after delegates voted for a resolution calling for more help.
在代表们投票通过一项呼吁更多帮助的决议后，教师与讲师协会的执行委员会将为其成员制定关于社交网络危险的建议。
Several teachers also raised concerns about the number of pupils aged nine or 10, and some even younger, who were lying about their age to get on Facebook. The site's rules state that all users must be 13 or over.
几位教师还对9岁或10岁的学生人数表示担忧，有些学生甚至更小，他们谎报年龄才能上Facebook。该网站的规则规定，所有用户必须年满13岁。
The ATL's general secretary, Mary Bousted, said: "There have been some horrendous incidents of cyberbullying reported in this survey, which have made people's lives miserable.
教师与讲师协会秘书长玛丽·鲍斯特德（Mary Bousted）说：“这项调查报告了一些骇人听闻的网络霸凌事件，这让人们的生活变得很痛苦。”
secretary general
表示“秘书长”，英文解释为“The secretary general of an organization is its most important official.”
horrendous
horrendous /həˈren.dəs/ 表示“极糟的；可怕的”，英文解释为“extremely unpleasant or bad”如：a horrendous accident/tragedy/crime 可怕的事故/悲剧/罪行。
"Bullying is no less serious whether it is done face-to-face or via a social networking site.
“无论是面对面还是通过社交网站，霸凌的严重性都不相上下。”
"Schools and colleges need to have clear policies to deal with it, and make sure that pupils will face appropriate punishment if they engage in any form of bullying – cyber or otherwise."
“学校需要有明确的政策来应对它，并确保学生如果参与任何形式的霸凌——网络或其他方式——将面临适当的处罚。”
Facebook said it disabled any accounts that were found to breach its rules on bullying and harassment by intimidating others.
Facebook官方表示，它禁用了任何被发现通过恐吓他人而违反其霸凌和骚扰规则的账号。
breach
可以作动词，也可以作名词，1）表示“违反，违背，破坏，不履行”，英文解释为“A breach of an agreement, a law, or a promise is an act of breaking it.”如：a breach of confidence 辜负（某人）信任，a breach of security (= when sth that is normally protected is no longer secure) 破坏安全，举个🌰：
He was accused of a breach of secrecy rules.
他被指控违反保密条例。
2）表示“突破口；缺口；窟窿”，英文解释为“an opening that is created during a military attack or by strong winds or seas”举个🌰：
They escaped through a breach in the wire fence.
他们从铁丝网上的一个缺口逃走了。
harassment
harassment /ˈhəræsmənt, ˈhærəs-/ 表示“骚扰；烦恼”，英文解释为“Harassment is behaviour which is intended to trouble or annoy someone, for example repeated attacks on them or attempts to cause them problems.”举个🌰：
Another survey found that 51 percent of women had experienced some form of sexual harassment in their working lives.
另一份调查显示有51%的女性在其职业生涯中曾遭遇过某种形式的性骚扰。
intimidate
表示“恫吓，恐吓”，英文解释为“to frighten or threaten someone, usually in order to persuade them to do something that you want them to do”举个🌰：
They were intimidated into accepting a pay cut by the threat of losing their jobs.
他们因为受到失去工作的威胁而被迫同意减薪。
"Facebook is highly self-regulating, and we encourage users to report questionable or offensive content," a spokeswoman said. "Facebook takes all complaints by users seriously and we have a dedicated team investigating these complaints."
一位女发言人表示：“Facebook高度自我约束，我们鼓励用户举报可疑或令人不快的内容。Facebook认真对待用户的所有投诉，我们有一个专门的团队调查这些投诉。”
self-regulating
self-regulating /ˌselfˈreɡ.jə.leɪ.tɪŋ/ 表示“自律的，自我调节的”，英文解释为“making certain yourself that you or your employees obey rules, rather than having laws or another organization to do it”如：a self-regulating body/organization 自律的机构/企业。
dedicated
表示“专用的，专门的”，英文解释为“You use dedicated to describe something that is made, built, or designed for one particular purpose or thing.”举个🌰：
Such areas should also be served by dedicated cycle routes.
这些地区也应该可由自行车专用路线到达。
She added that anyone who wanted to report an underage user could easily do so on the site and the profile would quickly be removed. Fake profiles also breach rules and should be reported.
她补充说，任何想举报未成年用户的人都可以很容易地在网站上进行举报，个人资料很快就会被删除。伪造的个人资料也违反了规定，应该上报。
Julian Stanley, chief executive of the Teacher Support Network, said the organisation had seen a marked increase in calls and emails from teachers who had experienced online abuse.
教师援助网络（Teacher Support Network）的首席执行官朱利安·斯坦利（Julian Stanley）表示，该组织发现，遭受网络霸凌的教师打来的电话和发送的电子邮件显着增加。
marked
表示“明显的，显著的”，英文解释为“A marked change or difference in behaviour or in a situation is very obvious or noticeable.”举个🌰：
There was a marked improvement in his health when he gave up smoking.
戒烟后他的健康有了明显的改善。
"Schools are seriously lagging behind in implementing policies that could prevent this kind of bullying," he said.
“学校在实施防止这种霸凌的政策方面严重滞后，”他说。
lag behind
表示“落后”，英文解释为“If one thing or person lags behind another thing or person, their progress is slower than that of the other thing or person.”举个🌰：
The restructuring of the pattern of consumption also lagged behind.
消费结构的调整也落后了。
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