研究称高脂饮食自由或将实现
近日，美国加州大学尔湾分校（University of California, Irvine）的生物学家们在如何抵御高脂肪饮食造成的有害影响方面取得了一项关键发现。或许在不久的将来，有了它，每个人或都能实现高脂饮食自由，吃再多也不怕胖了。
🤔️小作业：
1. ward off是什么意思？
2. obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease分别指什么？
3. What are the key findings?
无注释原文：
Study shows how to prevent a high-fat diet from throwing metabolism out of whack
From: Science Daily
Eating lots of fats increases the risk of metabolic disorders, but the mechanisms behind the problem have not been well understood. Now, University of California, Irvine biologists have made a key finding about how to ward off harmful effects caused by a high-fat diet. Their study appears in Nature Communications.
The UC Irvine research centered on a protein complex called AMPK, which senses the body's nutrition and takes action to keep it balanced. For example, if AMPK detects that glucose is low, it can boost lipid breakdown to produce energy in its place. Scientists have known that consuming high amounts of fat blocks AMPK's activity, leading the metabolism to go out of balance. However, until now, how cells block this mechanism has not been widely examined, especially in live models.
The UCI biologists decided to investigate, believing an AMPK component called SAPS3 serves a significant role. They eliminated SAPS3 from the genome of a group of mice and fed them meals with a 45 percent fat content. The results were startling even to the research team.
"Removing the SAPS3-inhibiting component freed the AMPK in these mice to activate, allowing them to maintain a normal energy balance despite eating a large amount of fat," said Mei Kong, professor of molecular biology & biochemistry and the study's corresponding author. "We were surprised by how well they maintained normal weight, avoiding obesity and development of diabetes."
The discovery could eventually lead to a new way to approach metabolism-related conditions. "If we block this inhibition activity, we could help people reactivate their AMPK," said first author Ying Yang, a project scientist in the Kong lab. "It could help in overcoming disorders such as obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease and others. It's important to recognize how important normal metabolic function is for every aspect of the body."
The researchers are working on developing molecules that could inhibit SAPS3 and restore the metabolism's balance. They plan to next study SAPS3's role in other conditions with disturbed metabolic systems, such as cancer and aging.
The discovery comes as metabolic-related diseases such as obesity and diabetes continue to rise. More than half of the global population is expected to be overweight or obese by 2035, compared to 38 percent in 2020, according to the World Obesity Federation. The number of people worldwide with diabetes is expected to rise to 578 million by 2030, up 25 percent from 2019, reports the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
Support for the project was provided by the National Institutes of Health and the American Cancer Society.
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注：中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Study shows how to prevent a high-fat diet from throwing metabolism out of whack
From: Science Daily
Eating lots of fats increases the risk of metabolic disorders, but the mechanisms behind the problem have not been well understood. Now, University of California, Irvine biologists have made a key finding about how to ward off harmful effects caused by a high-fat diet. Their study appears in Nature Communications.
摄入大量脂肪会增加代谢紊乱的风险，但这一问题背后的机制尚未得到很好的理解。现在，加州大学尔湾分校（University of California, Irvine）的生物学家们在如何抵御高脂肪饮食造成的有害影响方面取得了一项关键发现。他们的研究成果发表在《自然·通讯》（Nature Communications）上。
metabolic
metabolic /ˌmɛtəˈbɒlɪk/ 表示“新陈代谢的”，英文解释为“Metabolic means relating to a person's or animal's metabolism.”举个🌰：
People who have inherited a low metabolic rate will gain weight. 因遗传而新陈代谢速度慢的人会发胖。
disorder
1）表示“混乱，凌乱，杂乱无章”，英文解释为“a state of untidiness or lack of organization”举个🌰：
he whole office was in a state of disorder. 整个办公室里凌乱不堪。
2）表示“失调，紊乱”，英文解释为“an illness of the mind or body”如：a blood disorder 血液失调。
ward sb/sth off
表示“避开；阻止；挡住”，英文解释为“to prevent someone or something unpleasant from harming or coming close to you”举个🌰：
In the winter I take vitamin C to ward off colds. 冬天我服用维生素C以预防感冒。
The UC Irvine research centered on a protein complex called AMPK, which senses the body's nutrition and takes action to keep it balanced. For example, if AMPK detects that glucose is low, it can boost lipid breakdown to produce energy in its place. Scientists have known that consuming high amounts of fat blocks AMPK's activity, leading the metabolism to go out of balance. However, until now, how cells block this mechanism has not been widely examined, especially in live models.
加州大学尔湾分校的这项研究关注的是一种叫做AMPK的蛋白质复合物，这种复合物能感知身体的营养状况并采取行动以保持营养平衡。例如，如果AMPK检测到葡萄糖含量低，它就会促进脂质分解，以产生能量来替代。科学家们已经知道，摄入大量脂肪会抑制AMPK的活动，导致代谢失衡。然而，直到现在，细胞如何阻断这一机制，尤其是在活体模型中，还没有得到广泛的研究。
protein
表示“蛋白质”，英文解释为“one of the many substances found in food such as meat, cheese, fish, or eggs, that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong”。
complex
nutrition
nutrition /njuːˈtrɪʃ.ən/ 表示“营养物质；营养，滋养；营养学”，英文解释为“the substances that you take into your body as food and the way that they influence your health”举个🌰：
Good nutrition is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery. 病人如果要迅速康复，必须补足营养。
glucose
glucose /ˈɡluːkəʊz/ 表示“葡萄糖”，英文解释为“Glucose is a type of sugar that gives you energy.”
boost
lipid
lipid /ˈlɪp.ɪd/ 表示“脂，脂质”，英文解释为“a substance such as a fat, oil, or wax that dissolves in alcohol but not in water and is an important part of living cells”
breakdown
1）表示“神经衰弱，精神崩溃”，英文解释为“a period of mental illness in which sb becomes very depressed, anxious and tired, and cannot deal with normal life”举个🌰：
She's still recovering from her breakdown. 她精神崩溃后还在恢复中。
2）表示“分解”，英文解释为“the breaking of a substance into the parts of which it is made”如：the breakdown of proteins in the digestive system 蛋白质在消化系统中的分解。
block
block /blɒk/ 表示“堵塞；阻挡；阻碍”，英文解释为“to prevent movement through something”举个🌰：
A fallen tree is blocking the road. 一棵倒下的树挡住了路。
📍在社交媒体上「屏蔽」某人，不看某人的动态，用的就是block。
metabolism
The UCI biologists decided to investigate, believing an AMPK component called SAPS3 serves a significant role. They eliminated SAPS3 from the genome of a group of mice and fed them meals with a 45 percent fat content. The results were startling even to the research team.
加州大学尔湾分校的生物学家们决定进行研究，他们认为一种名为SAPS3的AMPK因子发挥了重要作用。他们从一组小鼠的基因组中剔除了SAPS3，并给它们喂食脂肪含量为45%的食物。其结果让该研究团队感到震惊。
component
component /kəmˈpəʊ.nənt/ 表示“组成部分；成分；零部件”，英文解释为“a part that combines with other parts to form something bigger”如：television/aircraft/computer components 电视/飞机/计算机零部件。
eliminate
1）表示“排除；消除；清除”，英文解释为“to remove or take away someone or something”举个🌰：
A move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease. 养成健康的饮食习惯有助于消除心脏病诱因。
2）表示“（比赛中）淘汰”，英文解释为“to defeat someone so that they cannot continue in a competition”举个🌰：
He was eliminated in the third round of the competition. 他在第3轮比赛中被淘汰。
genome
startling
startling /ˈstɑː.təlɪŋ/ 表示“惊人的；令人震惊的”，英文解释为“surprising and sometimes worrying”如：startling results 令人震惊的结果。
"Removing the SAPS3-inhibiting component freed the AMPK in these mice to activate, allowing them to maintain a normal energy balance despite eating a large amount of fat," said Mei Kong, professor of molecular biology & biochemistry and the study's corresponding author. "We were surprised by how well they maintained normal weight, avoiding obesity and development of diabetes."
“去除抑制因子SAPS3后这些小鼠体内的AMPK得以激活，使它们能够在摄入大量脂肪的情况下保持正常的能量平衡，”该研究的通讯作者、分子生物学和生物化学教授孔梅（Mei Kong）说。“我们对它们保持正常体重、没有导致肥胖症和糖尿病感到非常惊讶。”
inhibit
molecular
📍molecular /məʊˈlɛkjʊlə/ 表示“分子的”，英文解释为“Molecular means relating to or involving molecules.”，如：the molecular structure of fuel 燃料的分子结构。
📍molecule /ˈmɒl.ɪ.kjuːl/ 表示“分子”，英文解释为“the smallest unit, consisting of a group of atoms, into which a substance can be divided without a change in its chemical nature”
obesity
obesity /oʊˈbiːsəti/ 表示“肥胖”，英文解释为“the fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous for health”。
diabetes
diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs, -tiːz/ 表示“糖尿病”，英文解释为“a disease in which the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood.”
The discovery could eventually lead to a new way to approach metabolism-related conditions. "If we block this inhibition activity, we could help people reactivate their AMPK," said first author Ying Yang, a project scientist in the Kong lab. "It could help in overcoming disorders such as obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease and others. It's important to recognize how important normal metabolic function is for every aspect of the body."
这一发现最终可能会带来一种治疗新陈代谢相关疾病的新方法。“如果阻断这种抑制活动，我们可以帮助人们重新激活他们的AMPK，”第一作者、孔梅实验室的项目科学家杨颖（Ying Yang，音译）说。“这可能有助于克服肥胖症、糖尿病、脂肪肝等疾病。认识到正常代谢功能对身体各方面的重要性是很重要的。”
The researchers are working on developing molecules that could inhibit SAPS3 and restore the metabolism's balance. They plan to next study SAPS3's role in other conditions with disturbed metabolic systems, such as cancer and aging.
研究人员正致力于开发能够抑制SAPS3并恢复新陈代谢平衡的分子。他们计划接下来研究SAPS3在其他代谢系统紊乱的疾病（如癌症和衰老）中的作用。
The discovery comes as metabolic-related diseases such as obesity and diabetes continue to rise. More than half of the global population is expected to be overweight or obese by 2035, compared to 38 percent in 2020, according to the World Obesity Federation. The number of people worldwide with diabetes is expected to rise to 578 million by 2030, up 25 percent from 2019, reports the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
这一发现正值肥胖症和糖尿病等代谢相关疾病持续增加之际。根据世界肥胖联合会的数据，预计到2035年，全球一半以上的人口将超重或肥胖，而2020年这一比例为38%。据美国国家生物技术信息中心报告，到2030年，全球糖尿病患者人数预计将上升到5.78亿，比2019年增加25%。
obese
obese /əʊˈbiːs/ 表示“肥胖的，臃肿的”，英文解释为“extremely fat in a way that is dangerous for health”举个🌰：
He was not just overweight; he was clinically obese. 他不仅只是体重偏高，而是医学定义上的肥胖。
Support for the project was provided by the National Institutes of Health and the American Cancer Society.
该项目得到了美国国立卫生研究院（National Institutes of Health）和美国癌症协会（American Cancer Society）的资助。
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