英国国王确诊患癌
近日，白金汉宫官方称，英国国王查尔斯三世（King Charles III）确诊患有癌症，已开始接受治疗，但未透露癌症的类型。
🤔️小作业：
1. What misinformation can be corrected regarding King Charles III's health condition based on the article?
A) That he was treated for a heart attack
B) That his cancer was prostate cancer
C) That he has fully recovered and resumed all duties
D) That he was hospitalized for a minor injury
A) Indifference due to lack of information
B) Celebration of his quick recovery
C) Anxiety mixed with hope for a swift recovery D) Criticism of the royal family's privacy
无注释原文：
King Charles Is Diagnosed With Cancer
From: The New York Times
King Charles III has been diagnosed with cancer and is suspending his public engagements to undergo treatment, casting a shadow over a busy reign that began less than 18 months ago after the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II.
The announcement, made by Buckingham Palace on Monday evening, came a week after the 75-year-old sovereign was discharged from a London hospital, following a procedure to treat an enlarged prostate.
The palace did not disclose what form of cancer Charles has, but a palace official said it was not prostate cancer. Doctors detected the cancer during that procedure, and the king began treatment on Monday.
News of Charles’ diagnosis reverberated through Britain, which, after seven decades of Elizabeth’s reign, has begun to get comfortable with her son. Charles waited longer to ascend the throne than anyone in the history of the British monarchy, and he was a familiar figure, with a personal life relentlessly dissected by the British media by the time he became the sovereign.
As king, however, Charles has become a confident elder statesman, putting a subtle but unmistakable stamp on the monarchy. He has traveled widely and spoken out on issues like climate change that have long been important to him.
Anxiety for Charles mixed with hope that he would recover swiftly. But in the absence of details about his condition, there was, inevitably, speculation, as royal watchers parsed the palace’s four-paragraph announcement.
“During the king’s recent hospital procedure for benign prostate enlargement, a separate issue of concern was noted,” the palace said. “Subsequent diagnostic tests have identified a form of cancer. His Majesty has today commenced a schedule of regular treatments, during which time he has been advised by doctors to postpone public-facing duties.”
Palace officials said the king would continue to carry out other duties, including his weekly meeting with the prime minister, as well as the daily pile of paperwork he completes as Britain’s head of state. Officials said there were no plans to appoint counselors of state to act in his place — a procedure that could signal that the sovereign was unable to fulfill his duties because of illness.
The palace said Charles “remains wholly positive about his treatment” and that he looked forward to resuming public engagements. He returned to London from his country residence, Sandringham, to begin treatment as an outpatient, palace officials said.
Charles, who ascended to the throne in September 2022, has generally been in good health. As a schoolboy, he suffered from recurring tonsillitis, but as an adult, he enjoyed vigorous sports like hiking, polo and skiing.
The king’s disclosure of the prostate treatment, and now of his cancer diagnosis, is unusual for the royal family, whose members often reveal little about their health. After the queen’s death at 96, the palace issued her death certificate, which listed her cause of death simply as “old age.”
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
King Charles Is Diagnosed With Cancer
From: The New York Times
King Charles III has been diagnosed with cancer and is suspending his public engagements to undergo treatment, casting a shadow over a busy reign that began less than 18 months ago after the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II.
英国国王查尔斯三世被诊断出患有癌症，为了接受治疗，他将暂停公开活动。在不到18个月前、母亲伊丽莎白二世去世后，他就开始了繁忙的执政，患病给其统治蒙上了阴影。
suspend
suspend /səˈspend/ 1）表示“（因犯错而）暂令停职；暂令停学；暂令停止参加活动”，英文解释为“If someone is suspended from work, school, etc., they are temporarily not allowed to work, go to school, or take part in an activity because of having done something wrong.”举个🌰：He was suspended for four games after arguing with the referee. 跟裁判发生争执之后，他被停赛4场。
2）表示“暂停”，英文解释为“If you suspend something, you delay it or stop it from happening for a while or until a decision is made about it”举个🌰：The union suspended the action this week. 工会本周暂停了这一行动。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述英国房价上涨的文章中提到：Britain has temporarily suspended stamp duty, a tax on buying houses. 英国已经暂停征收购房印花税。
3）表示“悬挂”，英文解释为“to hang”举个🌰：The builders worked on wooden platforms, suspended by ropes from the roof of the building. 建筑工人站在用绳子从房顶上吊下来的木制平台上作业。
undergo
undergo /ˌʌn.dəˈɡəʊ/ 表示“经历，经受（令人不快的事或变化） ”，英文解释为“to experience something that is unpleasant or something that involves a change”举个🌰：Playing board games is undergoing a revival in popularity. 棋盘游戏正经历着一场复兴。
🎬电影《白日梦想家》（The Secret Life of Walter Mitty）中的台词提到：But as we undergo this transition to LIFE online... we wanted to be candid with you... 但由于我们处于"生活"杂志网络化的过渡期...所以我们想明白告诉你们...
cast a shadow
cast a shadow over/on something 表示“给…蒙上阴影”，英文解释为“to spoil a good situation with something unpleasant”举个🌰：Her father's illness had cast a shadow over the birth of her baby. 她父亲的病给她孩子的出生蒙上了一层阴影。
reign
reign /reɪn/ 作名词，1）表示“为王，为君；当政；统治”，英文解释为“the period of time when a king or queen rules a country”如：the reign of Henry VIII 亨利八世的统治。
2）表示“主宰（或支配）的时期”，英文解释为“a period when a particular person, feeling, or quality is very important or has a strong influence”如：his successful reign as manager of the team 他作为经理对这个小组的成功驾驭。
作动词，1）表示“统治；当政；为王；为君”，英文解释为“to rule as king, queen, emperor , etc.”举个🌰：Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901. 维多利亚女王自1837年至1901年在位。
2）从第一个含义引申出来，可以解释为“主宰；盛行；成为最显著的 ”，英文解释为“to be the most obvious feature of a place or moment”举个🌰：Confusion reigned about how the debate would end. 这场辩论将如何结束的问题令人困惑。
📍写作里可以试试这个表达，xxx reigned. 表示某个东西“占据了主导地位”，既简洁又高级。当然，要注意主语单复数/可不可数。At last silence reigned (= there was complete silence). 最后，万籁俱寂。
🎬电影《黑衣人2》（Men in Black II）中的台词提到：We have lived by its word, and peace has reigned throughout our world. 我们一直谨守诫律 和平相处。
The announcement, made by Buckingham Palace on Monday evening, came a week after the 75-year-old sovereign was discharged from a London hospital, following a procedure to treat an enlarged prostate.
白金汉宫于周一晚间宣布了这一消息，一周前，这位75岁的君主在伦敦一家医院接受了前列腺增生治疗后出院。
sovereign
sovereign /ˈsɒv.ər.ɪn/ 表示“君主；元首；最高统治者”，英文解释为“a king or queen”
discharge
discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ 作动词，1）表示“准许（某人）离开；解雇；（尤指）允许…出院；（根据法庭决议）释放”，英文解释为“to give sb official permission to leave a place or job; to make sb leave a job”举个🌰：Patients were being discharged from the hospital too early. 病人都过早获准出院。More than half of all prisoners discharged are reconvicted within two years. 在获释的犯人中有一半多在两年内又被再次判刑。
2）表示“开（枪），射出（子弹）”，英文解释为“to fire a gun, or to fire a shot from a gun”举个🌰：The police stated that some 10 rounds had been discharged. 警方称大约射出了10发子弹。
作名词，1）表示“开枪，开火”，英文解释为“the action of firing a gun”。
2）表示“（尤指废液或废气的）排放”，英文解释为“the act of sending out waste liquid or gas”
procedure
procedure /prəˈsiːdʒə(r)/ 1）表示“程序；步骤；常规”，英文解释为“a set of actions that is the official or accepted way of doing something”举个🌰：The company has new procedures for dealing with complaints. 公司采取了新程序处理投诉事宜。
2）表示“医疗处理；手术”，英文解释为“a medical operation”举个🌰：It's a routine/standard surgical procedure. 这是一个普通的外科手术。
prostate
prostate /ˈprɒs.teɪt/ 表示“前列腺”，英文解释为“an organ near the penis in male mammals that produces a liquid that mixes with and carries sperm”举个🌰：He has prostate trouble. 他有前列腺病。
The palace did not disclose what form of cancer Charles has, but a palace official said it was not prostate cancer. Doctors detected the cancer during that procedure, and the king began treatment on Monday.
王宫没有透露查尔斯患的是哪种癌症，但王室的一名官员表示不是前列腺癌。医生在手术时发现了癌症，国王已于周一开始接受治疗。
disclose
disclose /dɪˈskləʊz/ 表示“公开，公布;透露，揭露”，英文解释为“to make something known publicly, or to show something that was hidden”举个🌰：The company has disclosed profits of over £200 million. 这家公司已公布其利润超过两亿英镑。
News of Charles’ diagnosis reverberated through Britain, which, after seven decades of Elizabeth’s reign, has begun to get comfortable with her son. Charles waited longer to ascend the throne than anyone in the history of the British monarchy, and he was a familiar figure, with a personal life relentlessly dissected by the British media by the time he became the sovereign.
查尔斯确诊的消息在英国引发强烈反响，在伊丽莎白二世统治了70年之后，这个国家已经开始适应她的儿子作为统治者。查尔斯比英国君主制历史上任何一位君主等待登基的时间都要长，而且他是一个大家都熟悉的人物，成为君主时，他的个人生活已经被英国媒体无情地剖析过了。
reverberate
reverberate /rɪˈvɜː.bər.eɪt/ 1）表示“回响，回荡”，英文解释为“If a loud, deep sound reverberates, it continues to be heard around an area, so that the area seems to shake.”举个🌰：The narrow street reverberated with/to the sound of the workmen's drills. 狭窄的街道上回荡着工人施工的电钻声。
2）表示“震撼；产生广泛影响”，英文解释为“If an event or idea reverberates somewhere, it has an effect on everyone or everything in a place or group.”举个🌰：News of the disaster reverberated around the organization. 灾难的噩耗传来，组织内所有人震惊不已。
ascend
ascend /əˈsend/ 1）表示“上升；攀登；登上”，英文解释为“to move up or climb something”举个🌰：They slowly ascended the steep path up the mountain. 他们沿着陡峭的山路缓缓向上攀登。
2）表示“登上高的职位;升级，晋级”，英文解释为“to rise to a position of higher rank”举个🌰：He eventually ascended to the position of chief executive. 他最终登上了总裁的宝座。
throne
throne /θroʊn/ 表示“王位；王权；帝位”，英文解释为“the position of being a king or queen”举个🌰：Queen Elizabeth came/succeeded to the throne in 1952. 伊丽莎白女王于1952年即位/登基。
📍"throne"在某些文化和语境中，是对马桶的幽默或委婉的称呼。
monarchy
monarchy /ˈmɒnəkɪ/ 表示“君主政体，君主制，君主国”，也可以指“王室”，英文解释为“The monarchy is used to refer to the monarch and his or her family.”
dissect
dissect /daɪˈsekt/ 1）表示“剖析，仔细分析”，英文解释为“to examine or consider something in detail”举个🌰：He's the kind of person who watches a movie and then dissects it for hours. 他是那种看完电影还要仔细分析上好几个小时的人。
2）表示“解剖（尤指尸体或植物）”，英文解释为“to cut open something, especially a dead body or a plant, and study its structure”
As king, however, Charles has become a confident elder statesman, putting a subtle but unmistakable stamp on the monarchy. He has traveled widely and spoken out on issues like climate change that have long been important to him.
然而，作为国王，查尔斯已成为一位自信的老政治家，为君主制打上了微妙但明确无误的烙印。他四处奔波，就气候变化等长期以来对他来说十分重要的问题发表意见。
Anxiety for Charles mixed with hope that he would recover swiftly. But in the absence of details about his condition, there was, inevitably, speculation, as royal watchers parsed the palace’s four-paragraph announcement.
人们为查尔斯感到担忧，并希望他尽快康复。王室观察人士对白金汉宫的四段公告进行了分析，但由于王室没有详细说明他的病情，因此难免会有各种猜测。
speculation
speculation /ˌspek.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“推测；猜测；推断”，英文解释为“the act of forming opinions about what has happened or what might happen without knowing all the facts”举个🌰：There was widespread speculation that she was going to resign. 人们纷纷推测她将辞职。
2）表示“投机，投机买卖”，英文解释为“the act of speculating in order to make a profit”
parse
parse /pɑːz/ 表示“对（句子）作语法分析；仔细研究，分析”，英文解释为“to separate a sentence into grammatical parts, such as subject, verb, etc.”
“During the king’s recent hospital procedure for benign prostate enlargement, a separate issue of concern was noted,” the palace said. “Subsequent diagnostic tests have identified a form of cancer. His Majesty has today commenced a schedule of regular treatments, during which time he has been advised by doctors to postpone public-facing duties.”
“国王最近在医院接受良性前列腺增生手术时，发现了另一个令人担忧的问题。”王宫表示。“随后的诊断检查发现了一种癌症。国王陛下今天开始接受定期治疗，医生建议他在此期间推迟公开活动。”
subsequent
subsequent /ˈsʌb.sɪ.kwənt/ 表示“随后的，接着的；后来的；之后的；接后的”，英文解释为“happening after something else”举个🌰：The book discusses his illness and subsequent resignation from politics. 书中讲述了他患病及随后隐退政坛的事。
His Majesty
Majesty /ˈmædʒ.ə.sti/ 表示“（对国王、女王或王后的尊称）陛下”，英文解释为“the title used to speak to or about a king or queen”举个🌰：I was invited to tea with Her Majesty the Queen. 我受邀与女王陛下共进下午茶。The performance begins at eight o'clock, (Your) Majesty. 演出8点半开始，陛下。
commence
commence /kəˈmens/ 表示“开始发生；开始；着手”，英文解释为“to begin to happen; to begin sth”举个🌰：We will commence building work in August of next year. 我们将于明年8月开始破土动工。commencement 1）表示“学位授予典礼；毕业典礼”，英文解释为“a ceremony at which students formally receive their degrees”
2）表示“开始；开端”，英文解释为“the beginning of something”举个🌰：Would passengers please turn off their mobile phones before the commencement of the flight. 请乘客们在飞机起飞前关闭手机。
postpone
postpone /pəʊstˈpəʊn/ 表示“推迟，延缓，使延期”，英文解释为“If you postpone an event, you delay it or arrange for it to take place at a later time than was originally planned.”举个🌰：He decided to postpone the expedition until the following day. 他决定将探险活动推迟到第二天。
📍路透社（Reuters）在报道上海高考延期、杭州亚运会延期时标题就都用的是Postpone.
Palace officials said the king would continue to carry out other duties, including his weekly meeting with the prime minister, as well as the daily pile of paperwork he completes as Britain’s head of state. Officials said there were no plans to appoint counselors of state to act in his place — a procedure that could signal that the sovereign was unable to fulfill his duties because of illness.
王室官员称，国王将继续履行其他职责，包括每周与首相的会晤，以及作为英国国家元首每天要完成的大量文书工作。官员表示，目前还没有任命国务顾问代行国王职责的计划——这一程序可能意味着国王因病无法履行职责。
counselor
英式 counsellor /ˈkaʊn.səl.ər/ 美式 counselor 表示“律师；顾问；咨询师；辅导员”，英文解释为“someone who is trained to listen to people and give them advice about their problems”举个🌰：The college now has a counsellor to help students with both personal and work problems. 大学里现在配备帮助学生处理个人及学习问题的辅导员。
signal
signal /ˈsɪɡ.nəl/表示“表达；表示；显示”，英文解释为“to do sth to make your feelings or opinions known”举个🌰：He signalled his discontent by refusing to vote. 他拒绝投票以示不满。
The palace said Charles “remains wholly positive about his treatment” and that he looked forward to resuming public engagements. He returned to London from his country residence, Sandringham, to begin treatment as an outpatient, palace officials said.
王室表示，查尔斯“对自己的治疗仍持完全积极的态度”，他期待着恢复公开活动。王室官员称，查尔斯已从乡间庄园桑德灵厄姆返回伦敦，开始接受门诊治疗。
resume
resume /rɪˈzjuːm/ 1）表示“（中断后）继续，重新开始”，英文解释为“If an activity resumes, or if you resume it, it starts again after a pause.”举个🌰：Normal services will be resumed in the spring. 春天将恢复正常服务。
2）表示“恢复；重新回到，重返（某地或某位置）”，英文解释为“If you resume a place or position that you have left for a period of time, you return to it.”如：to resume your post/job 重返工作岗位，举个🌰：Please resume your seats, as the performance will continue in two minutes. 请大家回到自己的座位上去，两分钟后演出继续。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情之下学生上课问题的文章中提到复课就用的resume classes：As well as letting final-year secondary-school students facing exams resume classes, Denmark has also begun to reopen crèches and primary schools. 丹麦除了让面临毕业考试的中学毕业班复课外，还开始逐步重开幼儿园和小学。
outpatient
🏥 outpatient /ˈaʊt.peɪ.ʃənt/ 表示“门诊病人”，英文解释为“a person who goes to a hospital for treatment, but who does not stay any nights there”如：an outpatient clinic 门诊部。
🏥 inpatient /ˈɪn.peɪ.ʃənt/ 表示“住院病人”，英文解释为“a person who goes into hospital to receive medical care, and stays there one or more nights while they are being treated”
Charles, who ascended to the throne in September 2022, has generally been in good health. As a schoolboy, he suffered from recurring tonsillitis, but as an adult, he enjoyed vigorous sports like hiking, polo and skiing.
查尔斯于2022年9月登上王位，健康状况一直很好。学生时代，他曾反复患扁桃体炎，但成年后，他喜欢徒步旅行、马球和滑雪等激烈运动。
tonsillitis
tonsillitis /ˌtɒn.sɪˈlaɪ.təs/ 表示“扁桃体炎”，英文解释为“a painful infection of the tonsils”
vigorous
vigorous /ˈvɪɡ.ər.əs/ 1）表示“充满活力的；有力量的；精力旺盛的”，英文解释为“very forceful or energetic”如：a vigorous debate 激烈的辩论。
2）表示“健壮的；强壮的”，英文解释为“healthy and strong”举个🌰：Cutting the bush back in the autumn will help promote vigorous growth in the spring. 秋天将灌木丛剪短有利于它在春天茁壮生长。
The king’s disclosure of the prostate treatment, and now of his cancer diagnosis, is unusual for the royal family, whose members often reveal little about their health. After the queen’s death at 96, the palace issued her death certificate, which listed her cause of death simply as “old age.”
国王透露前列腺治疗以及现在的癌症诊断，这在王室中并不常见，因为王室成员通常很少透露自己的健康状况。96岁的前女王去世后，王宫出具了她的死亡证明，上面只简单地写道死因是“年老”。
certificate
certificate /səˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/ 1）表示“证书；证明”，英文解释为“an official document that states that the information on it is true”如：a birth/marriage/death certificate 出生/结婚/死亡证明；
2）表示“成绩合格证书；毕业证书”，英文解释为“the qualification that you receive when you are successful in an exam”举个🌰：She has a Certificate in Drama Education. 她有戏剧教育资格证书。
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