鸟山明去世
据日本媒体，日本知名漫画家、《龙珠》《阿拉蕾》作者鸟山明（Akira Toriyama）因因病去世，终年68岁。
无注释原文：
Akira Toriyama, creator of Dragon Ball manga series, dies aged 68
From: The Guardian
Akira Toriyama, the influential Japanese manga artist who created the Dragon Ball series, has died at the age of 68.
He died on 1 March from an acute subdural haematoma. The news was confirmed by Bird Studio, the manga company that Toriyama founded in 1983.
“It's our deep regret that he still had several works in the middle of creation with great enthusiasm,” the studio wrote in a statement. “Also, he would have many more things to achieve.”
The studio remembered his “unique world of creation”.
“He has left many manga titles and works of art to this world,” the statement read. “Thanks to the support of so many people around the world, he has been able to continue his creative activities for over 45 years.”
Toriyama was born in Nagoya, Japan in 1955. After drawing throughout his childhood, he decided to forgo tertiary education and, after high school, began to work at an advertising agency where he designed posters.
His first brush with the manga industry came at age 23, when he entered a piece into a contest run by a weekly manga magazine. It didn't work out – but he soon began sending in drawings to a different publication: Weekly Shōnen Jump.
In 1978, that magazine ran Toriyama's first published work, titled Wonder Island. Both Wonder Island and its sequel, Wonder Island 2 – which referenced the screen culture of the time, including Dirty Harry and sci-fi franchise Ultraman – were unpopular among readers.
Undeterred, he kept drawing and in 1980 produced a breakout hit: Dr Slump, a comedy about a robot girl and her trials and travails as she interacts with the world around her.
Serialised in Weekly Shōnen Jump until 1984, it ended up earning him one of Japan's highest manga honours – a Shogakukan manga award. An anime adaptation soon began airing on television, and Toriyama founded Bird Studio off the back of his early success.
In 1982, he married fellow manga artist Yoshimi Katō, with whom he would have two children. He kept his personal life mostly private – and often used a cyborg avatar called Robotoriyama to represent himself.
In 1984, Toriyama created Dragon Ball, the property that would bring him international recognition and make him one of Japan's highest-selling manga authors.
Based on an earlier work titled Dragon Boy, Dragon Ball was serialised in 519 chapters in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1984 to 1995 and birthed a blockbuster franchise including an English-language comic book series, five distinct television adaptation – with Dragon Ball Z the most familiar to western audiences – and spin-offs, over 20 different films and a vast array of video games.
The series – a kung fu take on the shōnen (or young adult) manga genre – drew from Chinese action films as well as Japanese folklore. It introduced audiences to the now-instantly familiar Son Goku – a young martial arts trainee searching for seven magical orbs that will summon a mystical dragon – as well as his ragtag gang of allies and enemies.
After the conclusion of Dragon Ball's initial run in 1995, Toriyama continued consulting on and promoting the franchise, as well as working on much shorter projects, sometimes outside the world of manga. He also contributed his distinctive artwork to the influential video game series Dragon Quest and Chrono Trigger, among others.
Drawing from his lifelong love of automobiles, he designed an electric car that was released by Japan's CQ motors in 2005 – what he later called “a very emotional journey”.
- ◆ -
注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Akira Toriyama, creator of Dragon Ball manga series, dies aged 68
From: The Guardian
Akira Toriyama, the influential Japanese manga artist who created the Dragon Ball series, has died at the age of 68.
《龙珠》（Dragon Ball）连载漫画作者、影响深远的日本漫画家鸟山明（Akira Toriyama）去世，享年68岁。
manga
manga /ˈmæŋɡə/ 从日语借用过来的词汇，表示“（源于日本的）漫画”，英文解释为“Manga is a style of drawing, originally from Japan, that is used in comic books with adult themes.”举个🌰：Known as manga, Japanese comic art has grown into a cult here. 日本漫画艺术在这里已经十分风靡。
He died on 1 March from an acute subdural haematoma. The news was confirmed by Bird Studio, the manga company that Toriyama founded in 1983.
3月1日，鸟山明因急性硬膜下血肿（acute subdural hematoma）去世。鸟山于1983年创立的漫画公司鸟山工作室（Bird Studio）证实了这一消息。
acute
acute /əˈkjuːt/ 1）表示“严峻的”，英文解释为“You can use acute to indicate that an undesirable situation or feeling is very severe or intense.”举个🌰：There is an acute shortage of water. 水严重短缺。
2）表示“（疾病）急性的”，英文解释为“an acute illness is one that has quickly become severe and dangerous”如：acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎。
📍2024年政府工作报告提到：地缘政治冲突加剧，Geopolitical conflicts became more acute,
📍-cute来自拉丁语“acutus”，意味着“尖锐，敏锐”。想象宫殿中的一把剑，其刃口非常锋利，能够精准快速地切割任何物体，象征着“acute”的敏锐和迅速。近义词：sharp（锐利的），同根词：acuteness（敏锐），常用短语：acute awareness（敏锐的意识）
“It's our deep regret that he still had several works in the middle of creation with great enthusiasm,” the studio wrote in a statement. “Also, he would have many more things to achieve.”
“我们深感遗憾的是，他仍有几部作品正在以极大的热情创作中，”鸟山工作室在声明中写道。“而且，他还有很多事情要做。”
enthusiasm
enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuː.zi.æz.əm/ 表示“巨大兴趣；热情；热忱；热心”，英文解释为“a feeling of energetic interest in a particular subject or activity and an eagerness to be involved in it”举个🌰：One of the good things about teaching young children is their enthusiasm. 教小孩子的一个好处就是他们对什么都充满了兴趣。
The studio remembered his “unique world of creation”.
工作室缅怀他“独特的创作世界”。
“He has left many manga titles and works of art to this world,” the statement read. “Thanks to the support of so many people around the world, he has been able to continue his creative activities for over 45 years.”
“他为这个世界留下了许多漫画作品和艺术作品。”声明中写道。“在全世界众多人的支持下，他得以继续从事创作活动超过45年。”
Toriyama was born in Nagoya, Japan in 1955. After drawing throughout his childhood, he decided to forgo tertiary education and, after high school, began to work at an advertising agency where he designed posters.
鸟山于1955年出生于日本名古屋（Nagoya）。童年时期一直在画画的他决定放弃高等教育，高中毕业后开始在一家广告公司工作，设计海报。
forgo
forgo /fɔːˈɡəʊ/ 表示“放弃，摒绝（令人愉悦之物）”，英文解释为“to not have or do something enjoyable”举个🌰：I shall have to forgo the pleasure of seeing you this week. 这周我只好放弃与您相见的那份荣幸了。
tertiary
tertiary /ˈtɜː.ʃər.i/ 表示“第三的；第三级的；第三位的”，英文解释为“relating to a third level or stage”如：
第三产业，tertiary industry：an industry that provides services rather than producing goods, or these industries considered as a group；
第二产业，secondary industry：an industry that manufactures goods rather than producing raw materials, or these industries considered as a group；
第一产业，primary industry：an industry that produces energy or basic materials, such as coal, oil, metals, crops, etc., or these industries considered as a group.
tertiary还有另一个含义（mainly UK），就是此处表示的“高等教育的，大学教育的”（relating to education in colleges and universities），如：tertiary education 高等教育；
📍tertiary education 表示“高等教育，大学教育”，英文解释为“education at college or university level”。
同样的，secondary可以指“中学的”（relating to the education of children approximately between the ages of 11 and 18 years old），如：secondary education 中等教育。而primary可以指“初等教育的，小学的”（of or for the teaching of young children, especially those between five and eleven years old），如：primary education 初等教育，a primary school 小学。
poster
poster /ˈpəʊ.stər/ 通常表示“招贴，海报；布告”，英文解释为“a large printed picture, photograph, or notice that you stick or pin to a wall or board, usually for decoration or to advertise something”
也表示“（在网站或社交媒体上发布信息或照片的）发帖人”，英文解释为“someone who publishes something such as a message or picture on a website or using social media”举个🌰：There was a lively debate on the message boards, with many posters arguing against the plan. 在留言板上辩论很踊跃，许多发帖人反对这项计划。
His first brush with the manga industry came at age 23, when he entered a piece into a contest run by a weekly manga magazine. It didn't work out – but he soon began sending in drawings to a different publication: Weekly Shōnen Jump.
23岁时，他参加了一本漫画周刊举办的比赛，这是他第一次接触漫画行业。虽然没有成功，但他很快就开始向另一本杂志《周刊少年Jump》投稿。
brush
在这个语境中，“brush”指的是某人与某事物的初次接触或尝试，常常用于描述与某个领域或活动的初次经历。这种用法把“brush”比喻为轻轻的触碰或刷过，指的是非正式或非长期的接触。
brush /brʌʃ/ 1）本身表示“刷子；画笔”，英文解释为“an object with short pieces of stiff hair, plastic, or wire attached to a base or handle, used for cleaning, arranging your hair, or painting”举个🌰：I can't find my brush, but I still have my comb. 我找不到发刷，不过我还有梳子。
2）表示“轻擦，轻碰”，英文解释为“a quick, light touch”举个🌰：He felt the brush of her hand on his. 他感觉到她的手轻擦过自己的手。
In 1978, that magazine ran Toriyama's first published work, titled Wonder Island. Both Wonder Island and its sequel, Wonder Island 2 – which referenced the screen culture of the time, including Dirty Harry and sci-fi franchise Ultraman – were unpopular among readers.
1978年，该杂志刊登了鸟山明的第一部公开作品《奇异岛》（Wonder Island）。《奇异岛》及其续作《奇异岛2》——借鉴了当时的银幕文化，包括《肮脏的哈里》（Dirty Harry）和科幻片《奥特曼》（Ultraman）——在读者中并不受欢迎。
sequel
sequel /ˈsiːkwəl/表示“（书或电影的）续篇；续集”，英文解释为“A book or movie which is a sequel to an earlier one continues the story of the earlier one.”
对比：
📍prequel /ˈpriːkwəl/ a book or a film/movie about events that happened before those in a popular book or film/movie 先篇，前篇，前传（叙述某流行图书或电影中的故事之前的事情）
reference
reference /ˈref.ər.əns/ 一般作名词，1）表示“提到；谈到；论及”，英文解释为“a mention of something”举个🌰：Knowing what had happened, I avoided making any reference to (= mentioning) weddings. 因为我知道发生了什么，所以就避开不谈婚礼的事儿。
2）表示“引文出处；参考书目”，英文解释为“a writer or a book, article, etc. that is mentioned in a piece of writing, showing you where particular information was found”
也可作动词，表示“查阅；参考；给（书等）附参考资料”，英文解释为“to refer to sth; to provide a book, etc. with references”
sci-fi
表示“科幻（science fiction的非正式说法）”。
franchise
franchise /ˈfræntʃaɪz/ 最常见的意思与“特许经营权”有关，既可以作可数名词，又可以做及物动词。作可数名词时具体表示“（公司授予某人的）特许经营权”，英文解释为“A franchise is an authority that is given by an organization to someone, allowing them to sell its goods or services or to take part in an activity which the organization controls.”比如“建造、运营隧道的特许权”就可以用“the franchise to build and operate the tunnel.”表示。
📍可以理解为「一部电影的所有系列，系列电影」A film series is also called a film “franchise” which consists of a number of films based on the same characters. 或者“franchise”可以指一个商业品牌或者产品系列，它由相同主题或品牌下的多个作品组成，这些作品可以是电影、电视剧、漫画、视频游戏等。
📍作及物动词时具体表示“出售…的特许经营权”，英文解释为“If a company franchises its business, it sells franchises to other companies, allowing them to sell its goods or services.”举个🌰：She has recently franchised her business. 她最近已出售了其公司的特许经营权。
📍它还有另外一个意思，表示“选举权”，用作不可数名词，英文解释为“Franchise is the right to vote in an election.”
📍而在体育运动领域，指的是“球队，职业运动队”（a professional sports team），如在“湖人总冠军！”文中出现过：Second, Pelinka lived up to Bryant's prediction that Pelinka would help turn the franchise around within two to three years after the Lakers hired him in 2017. 第二，佩林卡不负布莱恩特的预言，在2017年湖人队聘请他之后，佩林卡将在两到三年内帮助球队扭转局面。
Undeterred, he kept drawing and in 1980 produced a breakout hit: Dr Slump, a comedy about a robot girl and her trials and travails as she interacts with the world around her.
但他没有气馁，继续画画，并在1980年创作了一部爆款作品《阿拉蕾》（Dr Slump），这是一部喜剧，讲述了一个机器人女孩在与周围世界互动的过程中经历的种种磨难。
undeterred
undeterred /ˌʌn.dɪˈtɜːd/ 表示“未被吓住的；不灰心丧气的”，英文解释为“still continuing to do something or enthusiastic about doing it despite a bad situation”举个🌰：After four years of injury problems, he remains undeterred. 在受伤四年之后，他依然没有灰心丧气。
breakout hit
breakout /ˈbreɪk.aʊt/ 表示“（尤指集体的）越狱”，英文解释为“a violent escape, especially by a group, from prison”或者“爆发”，如a breakout of hostilities 战事的爆发。
hit /hɪt/ 表示“（唱片、电影或戏剧的）成功；很受欢迎的人（或事物）”，英文解释为“If a CD, film, or play is a hit, it is very popular and successful.”举个🌰：The song became a massive hit in 2023. 这首歌在2023年取得了巨大成功。
📍breakout hit指的是一部作品（可以是电影、电视剧、音乐、书籍或漫画等）获得意外的、巨大的成功，通常远超过预期。这类作品往往会快速获得高度关注和广泛认可，有时还会成为文化现象。（A piece of content, especially a song, that becomes extremely popular and successful very quickly and establishes the creator's reputation as a result.）
trial
trial /traɪəl/ 1）表示“审讯，审理，审判”，英文解释为“A trial is a formal meeting in a law court, at which a judge and jury listen to evidence and decide whether a person is guilty of a crime.”举个🌰：I have the right to a trial with a jury of my peers. 我有权要求由和我一样的平民组成的陪审团参加审判。
2）表示“（对能力、质量、性能等的）试验，试用”，英文解释为“the process of testing the ability, quality or performance of sb/sth, especially before you make a final decision about them”。
3）表示“惹麻烦的人；令人伤脑筋的事物；考验”，英文解释为“a person or thing that is annoying and causes a lot of problems”举个🌰：The book is all about the trials of growing up. 这本书讲的全是成长过程中经历的种种烦恼。
📍trials and tribulations 表示“艰辛；麻烦；苦难”，英文解释为“troubles and events that cause suffering”如：the trials and tribulations of marriage 婚姻中的种种考验与磨炼。
区分：
📍trail作名词则表示“小路，小径”，如：a forest/mountain trail 林间/山间小道，以及“臭迹；踪迹；痕迹；蛛丝马迹，线索”等意思（the smell or series of marks left by a person, animal, or thing as it moves along；various pieces of information that together show where someone you are searching for has gone）举个🌰：The dogs are trained to follow the trail left by the fox. 这些狗经过特别的训练，能够追踪狐狸留下的气味。
travails
travails /ˈtræv.eɪlz/ 表示“艰难困苦，艰辛，煎熬”，英文解释为“the difficulties that are experienced as part of a particular situation”举个🌰：The book chronicles the travails of a rural family. 这本书记录了一户农村人家的艰辛。
Serialised in Weekly Shōnen Jump until 1984, it ended up earning him one of Japan's highest manga honours – a Shogakukan manga award. An anime adaptation soon began airing on television, and Toriyama founded Bird Studio off the back of his early success.
这部作品在《周刊少年Jump》上连载至1984年，最终为他赢得了日本漫画界最高荣誉之一——小学馆漫画奖。动画改编版很快开始在电视上播出，鸟山明凭借早期的成功创立了鸟山工作室。
serialise
英式 serialise 美式 serialize /ˈsɪr.i.ə.laɪz/ 表示“连载；连播”，英文解释为“If a book is serialized, it is made into a number of television or radio programmes or published in a newspaper or a magazine in parts.”举个🌰：The novel was serialized for TV back in the 1990s. 这部小说曾在20世纪90年代以连续剧的形式在电视上播出。
anime
anime /ˈænɪˌmeɪ/表示“（日本的）动画片”，英文解释为“Japanese films made using characters and images that are drawn rather than real, or one of these films”。
animation 表示“动画；动画片”，英文解释为“moving images created from drawings, models, etc. that are photographed or created by a computer”。
📍有个说法叫：ACG指的就是Animation（动画）、Comics（漫画）与Games（游戏）的首字母缩写。
adaptation
adaptation /ˌæd.əpˈteɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“适应”，英文解释为“the process of changing to suit different conditions”
2）表示“（电影、书、剧本等的）改编”，英文解释为“a film, book, play, etc. that has been made from another film, book, play, etc.”
air
air /eər/作动词，表示“播放”，英文解释为“If a broadcasting company airs a television or radio programme, they show it on television or broadcast it on the radio.”举个🌰：Tonight CGTN will air a documentary called "LearnAndRecord". 今晚CGTN将播放一部名为《LearnAndRecord》的纪录片。
对比：
📍broadcast表示“播送（电视或无线电节目）；广播”，英文解释为“to send out a programme on television or radio”举个🌰：The tennis championship is broadcast live to several different countries. 网球锦标赛向几个国家现场直播。
📍注：broadcast的过去式：broadcasted (美式) / broadcast 都可以。
In 1982, he married fellow manga artist Yoshimi Katō, with whom he would have two children. He kept his personal life mostly private – and often used a cyborg avatar called Robotoriyama to represent himself.
1982年，鸟山明与同为漫画家的加藤由美（Yoshimi Katō）结婚，育有两个孩子。他的个人生活大多不公开，经常使用一个名为Robotoriyama的机器人形象来代表自己。
cyborg
cyborg /ˈsaɪ.bɔːɡ/ 表示“（科幻小说中人机一体的）半机械人，电子人”，英文解释为“in science fiction stories, a creature that is part human and part machine ”
avatar
avatar /ˈævəˌtɑː/ 表示“（某些网上聊天室或网上游戏中代表个人的）头像，虚拟替身，图标；虚拟化身”，英文解释为“a picture of a person or animal that represents you on a computer screen, for example in some chat room s or when you are playing games over the Internet”，还可以指“神的化身”，英文解释：a person or animal who is really a god in human or animal form literary.
📍《阿凡达》的英文名即为：Avatar.
那么，微信头像就叫WeChat Avatar吗？我们看看微信官方怎么说的吧，把你的微信语言设置成英文，你就可以看到，微信英文版中把头像处理成：Profile Photo，上面的“My Profile”对应的中文则是“个人信息”。
In 1984, Toriyama created Dragon Ball, the property that would bring him international recognition and make him one of Japan's highest-selling manga authors.
1984年，鸟山明创作了《龙珠》，这部作品为他带来了国际知名度，使他成为日本最畅销的漫画家之一。
Based on an earlier work titled Dragon Boy, Dragon Ball was serialised in 519 chapters in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1984 to 1995 and birthed a blockbuster franchise including an English-language comic book series, five distinct television adaptation – with Dragon Ball Z the most familiar to western audiences – and spin-offs, over 20 different films and a vast array of video games.
基于早期作品《骑龙少年》，《龙珠》于1984年至1995年在《周刊少年Jump》上连载了519话，并催生了包括英文漫画系列、五部不同的电视动画改编作品（其中西方观众最熟悉的是《龙珠Z》）、以及20多部不同的电影和大量电子游戏在内一系列衍生作品。
blockbuster
blockbuster /ˈblɒkˌbʌs.tər/ 表示“轰动；巨型炸弹；一鸣惊人的事物；轰动一时的书籍/电影”，英文解释为“a book or film that is very good or successful informal”，如：the latest Hollywood blockbuster 好莱坞最新大片。此前在《流浪地球》（The Wandering Earth）一文中的标题就为：The Wandering Earth is China's biggest sci-fi blockbuster.
🎬电影《创：战纪》（Tron: Legacy）中的台词提到：I would like you to meet, our next blockbuster. 我很乐意向大家呈现我们的巨作。
spin-off
spin-off /ˈspɪn.ɒf/ 1）表示“意外收获；意外效应”，英文解释为“A spinoff is an unexpected but useful or valuable result of an activity that was designed to achieve something else.”举个🌰：The company put out a report on commercial spinoffs from its research. 该公司发布了一份关于来自其研究的商业效应的报告。
2）表示“（书、电影或电视连续剧的）衍生物；派生产品，副产品；衍生物”，英文解释为“A spinoff is a book, film, or television series that comes after and is related to a successful book, film, or television series. A product that develops from another more important product”
The series – a kung fu take on the shōnen (or young adult) manga genre – drew from Chinese action films as well as Japanese folklore. It introduced audiences to the now-instantly familiar Son Goku – a young martial arts trainee searching for seven magical orbs that will summon a mystical dragon – as well as his ragtag gang of allies and enemies.
《龙珠》是一部以功夫为题材的少年漫画，取材于中国动作片以及日本的民间传说。它让观众认识了现在已耳熟能详的孙悟空——一个年轻的武术学徒，正在寻找七颗能召唤神龙的龙珠——以及他的一帮盟友和敌人。
genre
genre /ˈʒɑːnrə/ 表示“（尤指艺术的）风格，类型，体裁”，英文解释为“a style, especially in the arts, that involves a particular set of characteristics”举个🌰：What genre does the book fall into - comedy or tragedy? 这本书属于什么体裁——喜剧还是悲剧？
folklore
folklore /ˈfəʊkˌlɔː/ 表示“民间传说；民俗”，英文解释为“Folklore is the traditional stories, customs, and habits of a particular community or nation.”
martial art
martial art /ˌmɑː.ʃəl ˈɑːt/ 表示“（日本或中国的）武术”，英文解释为“a sport that is a traditional Japanese or Chinese form of fighting or defending yourself”举个🌰：Kung fu and karate are martial arts. 功夫和空手道都属于武术。
orb
orb /ɔːb/ 表示“球体；球状物”，英文解释为“something in the shape of a ball”如：the glowing orb of the sun 火球般的太阳。
summon
summon /ˈsʌm.ən/ 1）表示“命令…到（某地）；传唤；召唤；召集”，英文解释为“If you summon someone, you order them to come to you.”举个🌰：Suddenly we were summoned to the interview room. 突然我们被召唤进了面试室。
2）表示“努力拥有（某特质）；鼓起（勇气、力气）”，英文解释为“If you summon a quality, you make a great effort to have it. For example, if you summon the courage or strength to do something, you make a great effort to be brave or strong, so that you will be able to do it.”也可采用表达summon up，举个🌰：It took her a full month to summon the courage to tell her mother. 她用了整整一个月的时间才鼓起勇气告诉了母亲。Painfully shy, he finally summoned up courage to ask her to a game. 尽管他非常腼腆，最终还是鼓起了勇气邀她去看一场比赛。
ragtag
ragtag /ˈræɡ.tæɡ/ 表示“混杂的；杂乱的；组织散乱的”，英文解释为“untidy and not similar or organized”举个🌰：He arrived with a ragtag collection of friends. 他带着一些三教九流的朋友来了。
After the conclusion of Dragon Ball's initial run in 1995, Toriyama continued consulting on and promoting the franchise, as well as working on much shorter projects, sometimes outside the world of manga. He also contributed his distinctive artwork to the influential video game series Dragon Quest and Chrono Trigger, among others.
《龙珠》初始连载于1995年结束后，鸟山明继续为该系列提供指导和推广工作，同时也参与了一些时间更短的项目，有时甚至是与漫画无关的项目。他还为极具影响力的电子游戏系列《勇者斗恶龙》（Dragon Quest）和《时空之轮》（Chrono Trigger）等贡献了自己独特的艺术作品。
Drawing from his lifelong love of automobiles, he designed an electric car that was released by Japan's CQ motors in 2005 – what he later called “a very emotional journey”.
他利用自己毕生对汽车的热爱，设计了一款电动汽车，并于2005年由日本CQ汽车公司发布，他后来称这是一次“非常激动人心的旅程”。
- 词汇盘点 -
- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -
LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2024年3月8日
第3317天
每天持续行动学外语