全球多地遭遇微软蓝屏
7月19日，微软公司旗下部分应用和服务出现访问延迟、功能不全或无法访问等问题引发操作系统蓝屏、宕机，全球各地众多机场、银行、医院、铁路和企业均受到影响。
🤔️小作业：
1. What caused the initial IT outage according to the passage?
A) A malicious attack
B) A technical issue with a third-party software platform
C) A Microsoft error
D) A hardware failure in several countries
B) They were partially affected but still operational.
C) They were not affected by the IT outage.
D) They switched to a manual system temporarily.
无注释原文：
Mass IT outage affects airlines, hospitals, media and banks
From: BBC
Earlier in the day, an official Microsoft 365 service update posted to X said "we're investigating an issue impacting users ability to access various Microsoft 365 apps and services".
A Microsoft spokesperson told the BBC on Friday that "the majority of services were recovered" hours earlier.
Meanwhile, companies are scrambling trying to resolve issues with the IT outages.
Many broadcast networks in Australia were scrambling on air as systems failed, while Sky News UK went completely off air as a result of the issues. It is now back on air.
Several supermarkets were also crippled, with payment systems down. Pictures from Australia show Coles supermarket's self-checkout tills closed.
Hospitals in Germany and Israel have reported disruptions, as well as GP services in the UK.
Travel plans across the globe have also been thrown into disarray, with flight, taxis and rail affected.
Airports across Europe, the US and the global south-east have reported system failures, with many passengers having to "manually" do processes typically done by machine.
Samira Hussain, the BBC's South Asia correspondent, was at Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi, India, for a flight to Kolkata.
"I just manually made my boarding passes and the stickers for our check-in bags were also done by hand," she said, adding it is "absolute chaos" at the airport.
Across the US, airlines United, Delta and American Airlines have issued a "global ground stop" on all of their flights, while Australian carriers Virgin and Jetstar have delayed or cancelled flights.
According to aviation analytics firm Cirium, more than 1,000 flights have been cancelled around the world following the outages.
Airports in Tokyo, Berlin and Prague have also been reportedly affected. Switzerland's largest airport in Zurich has said planes are currently not allowed to land.
A spokesperson for the home affairs ministry in Australia - which has been particularly hard hit - said the outage appeared to be related to an issue at a cyber-security firm, while the country's cybersecurity watchdog said there was no information to suggest a malicious attack.
“Our current information is this outage relates to a technical issue with a third-party software platform employed by affected companies," they said in a statement.
Alaskan officials said many 911 and non-emergency call centres were not working properly, but Australian authorities say triple-0 call centres - the main emergency contact in the country - are not affected.
- ◆ -
注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Mass IT outage affects airlines, hospitals, media and banks
From: BBC
Earlier in the day, an official Microsoft 365 service update posted to X said "we're investigating an issue impacting users ability to access various Microsoft 365 apps and services".
当天早些时候，微软官方在X平台上发布旗下Microsoft 365服务更新称，“我们正在调查影响用户访问各种Microsoft 365应用程序和服务的问题”。
outage
outage /ˈaʊ.tɪdʒ/ 表示“（电力或其他服务的）停止供应期，设备停开期；停电（等）期间”，英文解释为“a period when a service, such as electricity, is not available”举个🌰：The radio news reported power outages affecting 50 homes. 广播新闻报道说停电影响到50户家庭。
区分：
📍outrage /ˈaʊt.reɪdʒ/ 本身可以作动词，表示“（尤指不公平的行为或言论）使感到义愤，使愤慨，激怒”，也可以作名词，表示“愤怒；义愤；愤慨”，英文解释为“a strong feeling of shock and anger”举个🌰：The judge's remarks caused public outrage. 裁判的话引起了公愤。
A Microsoft spokesperson told the BBC on Friday that "the majority of services were recovered" hours earlier.
周五，微软发言人告诉英国广播公司（BBC），“大部分服务已在数小时前恢复”。
Meanwhile, companies are scrambling trying to resolve issues with the IT outages.
与此同时，各公司正加紧解决IT故障问题。
scramble
scramble /ˈskræm.bəl/ 作名词，表示“争抢；抢占；争夺”，英文解释为“a situation in which people push, fight or compete with each other in order to get or do sth”举个🌰：There was a mad scramble for the best seats. 人们不顾一切地抢占最好的座位。
作动词：1）表示“艰难地（或仓促地）完成”，英文解释为“to manage to achieve sth with difficulty, or in a hurry, without much control”
2）表示“仓促行动”，英文解释为“If you scramble to a different place or position, you move there in a hurried, awkward way.”举个🌰：He threw back the covers and scrambled out of bed. 他掀开被子，急忙下了床。
3）表示“争夺”，英文解释为“If a number of people scramble for something, they compete energetically with each other for it.”举个🌰：More than three million fans are expected to scramble for tickets. 预计会有三百万以上的歌迷抢购门票。
Many broadcast networks in Australia were scrambling on air as systems failed, while Sky News UK went completely off air as a result of the issues. It is now back on air.
由于系统故障，澳大利亚许多广播网络在播出时乱成一团，而英国天空新闻频道则因系统故障完全停播。目前已恢复播出。
broadcast
broadcast /ˈbrɔːd.kɑːst/ 作动词，1）表示“播送（电视或无线电节目）；广播”，英文解释为“to send out a programme on television or radio”举个🌰：The tennis championship is broadcast live to several different countries. 网球锦标赛向几个国家现场直播。
2）表示“散布，传播（信息等）”，英文解释为“to tell a lot of people about sth”
📍注：broadcast的过去式：broadcasted (美式) / broadcast 都可以。
be on/off (the) air
表示“正在/停止播出”，英文解释为“If a programme or a person is on/off (the) air, they are/are not broadcasting on radio or television.”举个🌰：The radio station is on air from 6 a.m. 广播电台早晨6点开始播音。
Several supermarkets were also crippled, with payment systems down. Pictures from Australia show Coles supermarket's self-checkout tills closed.
几家超市也因支付系统瘫痪而受到严重影响。来自澳大利亚的图片显示，客澳市的自助收银机关闭了。
cripple
cripple /ˈkrɪp.əl/ 1）表示“严重损害、削弱”，英文解释为“to damage something badly so that it no longer works or is no longer effective”举个🌰：Industry is being crippled by high interest rates. 工业因为利率高而受到重创。
2）表示“使跛，使瘸”，英文解释为“to hurt someone badly so that they cannot walk properly”举个🌰：She was crippled in a car accident. 她在一次车祸中成了瘸子。
🎬电影《星球大战正传7：原力觉醒》（Star Wars: Episode VII - The Force Awakens）中的台词提到：it might destabilize the core and cripple the weapon. 就能扰乱能源核心 进而削弱武器力量。
self-checkout
表示“自助结账”，英文解释为“the system of customers in a store using a machine to add up the prices and pay for goods they have bought, or the machine that does this”
till
till /tɪl/ 作名词，熟词僻义，表示“收银机的抽屉；收银机”，英文解释为“the drawer in a cash register (= a machine which records sales in a shop, and in which money is kept) or the cash register itself”举个🌰：Next time you have the till open, could you give me some change? 下次打开收银机时，你给我些零钱好吗？
Hospitals in Germany and Israel have reported disruptions, as well as GP services in the UK.
德国和以色列的医院以及英国的全科医生服务也出现中断。
GP
general practitioner的缩写，表示“（为特定区域居民提供医疗服务的）全科医生，普通医师”，英文解释为“abbreviation for general practitioner: a doctor who provides general medical treatment for people who live in a particular area”举个🌰：I went along to the local GP. 我去了本地全科医生那里看病。
Travel plans across the globe have also been thrown into disarray, with flight, taxis and rail affected.
全球各地的旅行计划也陷入混乱，航班、出租车和铁路均受到影响。
disarray
disarray /ˌdɪs.əˈreɪ/ 表示“凌乱；混乱；杂乱”，英文解释为“the state of being confused and having no organization or of being untidy”举个🌰：The news had thrown her plans into disarray. 这个消息打乱了她的计划。
Airports across Europe, the US and the global south-east have reported system failures, with many passengers having to "manually" do processes typically done by machine.
欧洲、美国和全球东南部的机场都出现了系统故障，许多乘客不得不“手动”完成通常由机器完成的乘机手续。
manually
manually /ˈmæn.ju.ə.li/ 表示“手工地；人工地”，英文解释为“by hand”举个🌰：Few of the machines are operated manually. 很少有机器是手工操作的。
Samira Hussain, the BBC's South Asia correspondent, was at Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi, India, for a flight to Kolkata.
英国广播公司南亚记者萨米拉·侯赛因（Samira Hussain）在印度德里英迪拉·甘地国际机场（Indira Gandhi International Airport）搭乘航班前往加尔各答（Kolkata）。
correspondent
correspondent /ˌkɒr.ɪˈspɒn.dənt/ 表示“通讯员，记者”，英文解释为“a person employed by a newspaper, a television station, etc. to report on a particular subject or send reports from a foreign country”
"I just manually made my boarding passes and the stickers for our check-in bags were also done by hand," she said, adding it is "absolute chaos" at the airport.
她说：“我刚刚手动办理了登机牌，我们托运行李的标签也是手工完成的，”并补充称，机场“一片混乱”。
boarding pass
boarding card / boarding pass /ˈbɔː.dɪŋ ˌpɑːs/ 表示“登机牌；登船卡”，英文解释为“a card that a passenger must have in order to be allowed to get on an aircraft or a ship”
sticker
sticker /ˈstɪk.ər/ 1）表示“粘贴标签；贴纸”，英文解释为“a small piece of paper or plastic with a picture or writing on one side and glue or another similar substance on the other side, so that it will fasten to a surface”如：a bumper/window sticker 保险杠/车窗贴纸。
2）表示“（网络）贴图”，英文解释为“a digital image that is used in electronic communication in order to express a particular idea or feeling”
check-in
表示“办理登机手续”，英文解释为“the act of showing your ticket at an airport so that you can be told where you will be sitting”举个🌰：After check-in, please proceed to gate 8. 办理完登机手续后，请前往8号登机口。
Across the US, airlines United, Delta and American Airlines have issued a "global ground stop" on all of their flights, while Australian carriers Virgin and Jetstar have delayed or cancelled flights.
在美国各地，美国联合航空、达美航空和美国航空对其所有航班发布了“全球停飞”通知，澳大利亚维珍航空和捷星航空也推迟或取消了航班。
ground stop
ground stop是一个航空交通控制措施，用来暂停某机场或某区域内所有航班的起飞，有时也包括到达。这一决定通常由航空交通控制部门做出，主要是为了应对恶劣天气、技术故障、安全威胁等情况，以确保乘客、机组人员和飞机的安全。
ground /ɡraʊnd/ 本身作动词，1）表示“使停飞；阻止…起飞”，英文解释为“to prevent an aircraft from taking off”举个🌰：All planes out of Tehran have been grounded by the accident. 所有由德黑兰起飞的飞机均因此事故而停飞。
2）表示“（使）搁浅，触海底”，英文解释为“when a boat grounds or sth grounds it, it touches the bottom of the sea and is unable to move”举个🌰：The fishing boat had been grounded on rocks off the coast of Tehran. 渔船在德黑兰海岸外礁石上搁浅了。
According to aviation analytics firm Cirium, more than 1,000 flights have been cancelled around the world following the outages.
根据航空分析公司Cirium的数据，全球已有超过1000个航班因此次故障而被取消。
aviation
aviation /ˌeɪ.viˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“航空（学）；飞行（术）；航空工业”，英文解释为“the activity of flying aircraft, or of designing, producing, and keeping them in good condition”如：the British Civil Aviation Authority 英国民航局。
analytics
analytics /ˌæn.əlˈɪt.ɪks/ 1）表示“（电脑的）分析方法”，英文解释为“a process in which a computer examines information using mathematical methods in order to find useful patterns”如：a system for performing analytics on received data 对获得数据进行分析的系统。
2）表示“通过分析所得数据”，英文解释为“the information that results from this process”举个🌰：This technology provides detailed analytics about campaign reach. 这种技术对竞选活动达到的程度提供详细的数据分析结果。
Airports in Tokyo, Berlin and Prague have also been reportedly affected. Switzerland's largest airport in Zurich has said planes are currently not allowed to land.
据报道，东京、柏林和布拉格的机场也受到了影响。瑞士最大的苏黎世机场表示，飞机目前不允许着陆。
A spokesperson for the home affairs ministry in Australia - which has been particularly hard hit - said the outage appeared to be related to an issue at a cyber-security firm, while the country's cybersecurity watchdog said there was no information to suggest a malicious attack.
澳大利亚受影响尤为严重，其内政部发言人表示，此次故障似乎与一家网络安全公司的问题有关，而该国的网络安全监管机构表示，没有证据表明发生了恶意攻击。
watchdog
watchdog /ˈwɒtʃ.dɒɡ/ 表示“（监督公司活动及监护人们权利的）监督人，监察团体；监察员；监察委员会”，英文解释为“A watchdog is a person or committee whose job is to make sure that companies do not act illegally or irresponsibly.”如：an anticrime watchdog group funded by New York businesses 一个由纽约商界资助的反犯罪监察组织。
malicious
malicious /məˈlɪʃ.əs/ 1）表示“恶意的，恶毒的，意在伤人的”，英文解释为“intended to harm or upset other people”如：malicious gossip 用意歹毒的流言蜚语。
2）表示“（对计算机系统进行破坏或盗取个人信息）恶意的”，英文解释为“intended to cause damage to a computer system, or to steal private information from a computer system”如：protection against malicious software/code 保护不受恶意软件/代码伤害。
“Our current information is this outage relates to a technical issue with a third-party software platform employed by affected companies," they said in a statement.
他们在声明中表示：“我们目前掌握的信息是，此次故障与受影响公司使用的第三方软件平台的技术问题有关。”
employ
employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ 熟词僻义，表示“使用，利用”，英文解释为“If you employ certain methods, materials, or expressions, you use them.”举个🌰：The group will employ a mix of tactics to achieve its aim. 该团体将运用混合策略来实现其目标。
Alaskan officials said many 911 and non-emergency call centres were not working properly, but Australian authorities say triple-0 call centres - the main emergency contact in the country - are not affected.
阿拉斯加官员表示，许多911和非紧急呼叫中心无法正常工作，但澳大利亚有关部门称，澳大利亚紧急联络000呼叫中心没有受到影响。
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