重磅推出：《知道你的权力，当遭遇美国执法人员时》连载 - 2 受到阻拦和逮捕
II. STOPS AND ARRESTS
第二章 受到阻拦和逮捕
Q: What if law enforcement officers stop me on the street?
A: You do not have to answer any questions. You can say, “I do not want to talk to you” and walk away calmly. Or, if you do not feel comfortable doing that, you can ask if you are free to go. If the answer is yes, you can consider just walking away. Do not run from the officer. If the officer says you are not under arrest, but you are not free to go, then you are being detained. Being detained is not the same as being arrested, though an arrest could follow. The police can pat down the outside of your clothing only if they have “reasonable suspicion” (i.e., an objective reason to suspect) that you might be armed and dan- gerous. If they search any more than this, say clearly, “I do not consent to a search.” If they keep searching anyway, do not physically resist them. You do not need to answer any questions if you are detained or arrested, except that the police may ask for your name once you have been detained, and you can be arrested in some states for refusing to provide it. (Non-citizens should see Section IV for more information on this topic.)
问：如果执法人员在街上阻拦我怎么办？
答：你不必回答任何问题。你可以说，“我不想和你讲话”然后平静地走开。或者，如果你感觉不便那样做，你可以问是否你可以走开。 如果答复是肯定的，你可以考虑只是走开。不要逃避执法人员。如果执法人员说你不是被逮捕，但你不能走开，那么你是受到拘留。 被拘留和被逮捕是不同的，尽管逮捕可能随之而来。只有在警察有合理的怀疑理由（也就是有客观理由去怀疑）你也许持有枪械而且是危险的，他们才可能会在你的衣服外面轻拍搜身，如果他们不只是要轻拍搜身，那么你可以明确的说,”我不同意被搜查。”然而如果他们继续搜查的话，不要进行肢体抵抗。如果你已被拘留或逮捕，你不必回答任何问题，但如果你已被拘留，警察也许会问道你的姓名，这种情况除外。在某些州，你有可能因拒绝提供姓名而被逮捕。（更多有关非公民身份人士信息，请参考第四章）
Q: What if law enforcement officers stop me in my car?
A: Keep your hands where the police can see them. You must show your drivers license, registration and proof of insurance if you are asked for these documents. Officers can also ask you to step outside of the car, and they may separate passen- gers and drivers from each other to question them and compare their answers, but no one has to answer any ques- tions. The police cannot search your car unless you give them your consent, which you do not have to give, or unless they have “probable cause” to believe (i.e., knowledge of facts suffi- cient to support a reasonable belief) that criminal activity is likely taking place, that you have been involved in a crime, or that you have evidence of a crime in your car. If you do not want your car searched, clearly state that you do not consent. The officer cannot use your refusal to give consent as a basis for doing a search.
问：如果执法人员在我开车时将我拦住怎么办?
答：把双手放在执法人员可以看见的地方。如果你被要求出示你的驾照，车辆登记证，以及保险证明，你必须出示这些文件。执法人员也可能要求你下车，或把乘客和驾驶员分开进行盘问并比较他们的回答，但没有任何人必须回答任何问题。除非得到你的准许，（你也没有必要同意），否则警察不能搜查你的车，或者除非他们有“合理的根据”来相信（即，了解足够的事实来支持合理的判断）犯罪活动可能正在发生，或你已卷入一起犯罪，或者在你的车里有你的犯罪证据，否则他们不能搜查你的车。如果你不想要你的车被搜查，明确地声明你不同意搜车。警察不能以你拒绝同意搜车为由而搜查你的车。
Q: What should I do if law enforcement officers arrest me?
A: The officer must advise you of your constitutional rights to remain silent, to an attorney, and to have an attorney appoint- ed if you cannot afford one. You should exercise all these rights, even if the officers don’t tell you about them. Do not tell the police anything except your name. Anything else you say can and will be used against you. Ask to see a lawyer immediately. Within a reason- able amount of time after your arrest or booking you have the right to a phone call. Law enforcement officers may not listen to a call you make to your lawyer, but they can listen to calls you make to other people. You must be taken before a judge as soon as possible—generally within 48 hours of your arrest at the latest. (See Section IV for information about arrests for noncriminal immigration violations.)
问：如果执法人员要逮捕我，我应该怎么办？
答：执法人员必须向你告知，你有宪法准许的保持沉默的权利，你有得到律师的权利，如果你付不起聘请律师，你有权得到一名指定的律师。你应该行使所有这些权利，即使警察不告知你有这些权利。除了你的姓名外，不要告诉警察其他信息。你所说的任何其他内容可能或将被用做对你不利的证据。要求立刻面见你的律师。在你被捕或备案后的合理时间内你有打电话的权利。执法人员也许不能监听你与律师的通话内容，但他们可以监听你与其他人的通话内容。你必须尽快--通常最迟在你被拘留48小时内得到法官的审理。（更多有关因非刑事犯罪移民违法的逮捕信息，参见第四章）
Q: Do I have to answer questions if I have been arrested?
A: No. If you are arrested, you do not have to answer any questions or volunteer any information. Ask for a lawyer right away. Repeat this request to every officer who tries to talk to or question you. You should always talk to a lawyer before you decide to answer any questions.
问：如果我被逮捕了我必须回答警察的问题吗？
答：不。如果你已被逮捕，你不必回答任何问题或者主动提供任何信息。立即要求见律师。对每一位试图与你交谈或向你盘问的警察重复这一要求。你应该总是先和律师谈话然后决定是否回答任何问题。
Q: What if I am treated badly by law enforcement officers?
A: Write down the officer’s badge number, name or other identifying information. You have a right to ask the officer for this information. Try to find witnesses and their names and phone numbers. If you are injured, seek medical attention and take pictures of the injuries as soon as you can. Call a lawyer or contact your local ACLU office. You should also
make a complaint to the law enforcement office responsible for the
treatment.
问：如果我受到执法人员粗暴对待，我该怎么办？
答：记下执法人员的徽章号码，姓名或者其他识别信息。你有向执法人员询问这些信息的权利。尽量找目击者和他们的姓名和电话号码。如果你受到伤害，要寻求医疗救治，并尽快拍照受伤情况。给律师打电话或联系你当地的美国民权自由协会办公室。你也应当向负责此类问题的执法办公室进行投诉。
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重磅推出：《知道你的权力，当遭遇美国执法人员时》连载 - 1
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