诗苑｜安能辨我是雄雌——《木兰辞》（续）
雄兔脚扑朔，雌兔眼迷离；
两兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌！
——《木兰辞》
在上一期的预告片中，你是否还记得郑佩佩扮演的“媒婆”在给木兰梳妆打扮时说的四个词：
▾
quiet
composed
graceful
disciplined
这是成为一个好妻子的四大品质：娴静、沉着、淑雅、守礼。
在预告片中，伴随着这四个词，木兰习武和梳妆的画面交错出现，展现的却是另一层意味：
quiet是“娴静”，难道不也是“不动如山”？
composed是“沉稳”，难道不也是“处事泰然”？
graceful是“淑雅”，难道不也是“方寸不乱”？
disciplined是“守礼”，难道不也是“遵守纪律”？
优秀和优秀是一样的，不管是男人还是女人。
不具有坚强意志和高度智慧的人，无法看到不同现象背后的共同本质。
微博@周玄毅
而品质原本就没有性别之分。
在《木兰辞》中，木兰从军是源于孝顺。而在现代的描述里，迪士尼1988年的动画给出了这样一个解答：我不是为了别人牺牲，我想证明自己，为自己而活。
时至今日，花木兰激励着一代又一代的女孩奋勇向前，听从自己的内心，追寻自己的梦想。
因此，这一期我们继续摘选了《木兰辞》（《木兰诗》）的几个优秀译本，供大家赏析：
木兰诗
唧唧复唧唧，木兰当户织。
不闻机杼声，唯闻女叹息。
问女何所思？问女何所忆？
女亦无所思，女亦无所忆。
昨夜见军帖，可汗大点兵，
军书十二卷，卷卷有爷名。
阿爷无大儿，木兰无长兄，
愿为市鞍马，从此替爷征。
东市买骏马，西市买鞍鞯，
南市买辔头，北市买长鞭。
朝辞爷娘去，暮宿黄河边。
不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻黄河流水鸣溅溅。
旦辞黄河去，暮至黑山头。
不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻燕山胡骑声啾啾。
万里赴戎机，关山度若飞。
朔气传金柝，寒光照铁衣。
将军百战死，壮士十年归。
归来见天子，天子坐明堂。
策勋十二转，赏赐百千强。
可汗问所欲，“木兰不用尚书郎，
愿借明驼千里足，送儿还故乡。”
爷娘闻女来，出郭相扶将。
阿姊闻妹来，当户理红妆。
小弟闻姊来，磨刀霍霍向猪羊。
开我东阁门，坐我西阁床。
脱我战时袍，著我旧时裳。
当窗理云鬓，对镜贴花黄。
出门看火伴，火伴皆惊惶。
同行十二年，不知木兰是女郎。
“雄兔脚扑朔，雌兔眼迷离；
两兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌！”
- 译文 4 -
On Mulan
Translated by 李正栓
Giving one sigh after another,
Mulan is weaving in the house.
One cannot hear the looming sound,
But can hear the sigh of her.
What is she thinking about?
What is she calling to mind?
She has nothing to think about;
She has nothing to call to mind.
Last night I saw the enlisting order;
The Khan is enlisting army men.
There were twelve rolls altogether;
Each roll has the name of my father.
Father has no grown-up son;
I have no elder brother.
I’ll buy a horse and a saddle,
And go to fight for my father.
In the eastern market she bought a horse noble,
In the western market she bought a pad and saddle.
In the northern market she bought a whip,
In the southern market she bought a bridle.
When the day broke she left her parents;
When the night fell she slept by the Yellow River.
She could no longer hear her parents’calling,
But could hear the river splashing and flowing.
When the day broke she left the Yellow River;
When the night came she reached the Black Hill.
She could no longer hear her parents’calling,
But could hear the Northern horses neighing.
She fought in many places,
And passed many hills.
The north wind spread the hour-striking sound;
Cold light shone on the iron armors.
Many generals died in fighting;
Heroes returned after ten years.
They returned to see the Khan,
Who sat in the big bright hall.
When the Khan promoted the heroes,
And awarded them with wealth,
The Khan asked what Mulan desired.
Mulan said she desired not to take office,
But would have a camel for a long journey,
To send her back to her family.
Her parents heard she would return,
And helped each other to the outskirts to meet her.
Her elder sister heard she would return,
And began to dress herself afore the mirror.
Her younger brother heard she would return,
And sharpened his knife to slaughter pig and sheep.
She opened the door to her eastern chamber,
And sat on her bed facing west.
She took off her battle gown,
And she was again formerly dressed.
By the window and afore the mirror she combed her hair,
And put on her forehead a decoration flower of yellow paper.
She came out to see her fellow soldiers.
No one was not surprised.
For twelve long summers and winters,
No one knew Mulan was a maid disguised!
A male hare runs very fast;
A female hare’s eyes look hazy.
When two hares run together in the field,
Who can tell a male from a female?
- 译文 5 -
The Song of Mulan
Translated by 杨宪益
One sigh after another,
Mulan sat opposite the door weaving;
But no sound of the shuttle was heard,
Except the sighs of the girl.
When asked what she was pondering over,
When asked what she had called to mind,
Nothing special the girl was pondering over,
Nothing special the girl had called to mind.
"Last night I saw the draft dispatch,
The Khan is mustering a mighty army;
The roster consists of many muster rolls,
And every roll has father’s name on it.
Father has no grown son,
Nor Mulan an elder brother;
I want to buy a saddle and a horse,
And from now on fight in place of my father."
In the eastern market she bought a fine steed,
In the western market a saddle and a pad,
In the southern market a bridle,
In the northern market a long whip.
At daybreak she bid farewell to her parents,
At sunset she bivouacked by the Yellow River;
What met her ear was no longer her parents’ calling,
But the gurgles and splashes of the rushing waters.
At daybreak she left the Yellow River,
At sunset she arrived at the top of the Black Hill;
What met her ear was no longer her parents’ calling,
But the Hun horses neighing in the Yanshan Mountains.
On the expedition of thousands of miles to the war,
She dashed across mountains and passes as if in flight;
In the chilly northern air night watches clanged,
In the frosty moonlight mailed coats glistened.
Generals laid down their lives in a hundred battles,
And valiant soldiers returned after ten years in the service.
When she returned to an audience with the Son of Heaven,
The Son of Heaven sat in the Hall of Brightness.
A promotion of many ranks was granted her for her merits,
With a reward that amounted to thousands of strings of cash.
The Khan asked Mulan what she desired to do,
"I don't need any high official position,
Please lend me a sturdy camel that is fleet of foot,
And send me back to my hometown."
When her parents heard their daughter was coming,
They walked out of the town, each helping the other;
When her elder sister heard the younger sister was coming,
She decked herself out in her best by the door;
When her younger brother heard his elder sister was coming,
He whetted a knife and aimed it at a pig and a sheep.
"I opened the door of my east chamber,
And then sat down on the bed in my west chamber;
Taking off the mailed coat worn in wartime,
I attired myself in my apparel of former times;
By the window I combed and coiffed my cloudy hair,
Before the mirror I adorned my forehead with a yellow pattern.*"
When she came out to meet her battle companions,
They were all astounded and thrown into bewilderment.
Together they had been in the army for a dozen years or so,
Yet none had ever known that Mulan was actually a girl.
The male rabbit kicks its fluffy feet as it scampers,
The eyes of female rabbit are blurred by fluffy tufts of hair;
But when they run side by side in the field,
You can hardly tell the doe from the buck!
* It was the fashion among women at the time to decorate their forehead with a yellow pattern in the shape of star, moon, flower or bird.
- 译文 6 -
Ballad of Mulan
Translated by 丁祖馨
Clickclack
clickclack
clickclack:
Mulan sits near the door, she works at her loom.
And then the sounds of weaving stop,
And she sighs
and sighs
and sighs.
"Oh tell me, daughter, what troubles your heart?
What hides deep in your mind?"
"Oh mother, oh father,
I yearn for nothing, I think back to nothing.
But oh last night, last night
I saw the Khan's decree, his summoning of men,
And in every book I read
I saw my father's name.
But how could you manage without him?
And my brother was too young to take his place.
Oh let me go to market, for a horse and a saddle,
And I'll ride to war, I'll take his place."
To the Eastern Market
for a fine strong horse,
To the Western Market
for a wellsewn saddle,
To the Southern Market
for a pair of tough reins,
To the Northern Market
for a long tall whip.
And at dawn she rides away from her parents,
She rides with the army.
At night the army camped by the Yellow River
And her ears heard no father, no mother,
But only the roar of the rushing river.
At dawn they left the river, rode on, rode on.
At dusk they came to the Black Mountains.
Her ears heard no father, no mother,
But only the whinny of enemy horses, there at the border.
Thousands and thousands of miles she marched,
She broke through passes, she whirled past hills.
Watchmen's gongs echoed in northern air.
Armor and mail gleamed in wintry light.
Their general fought hard, battle after battle,
And one day died in battle.
The soldiers were ten years and more in the field
Before they marched home in triumph.
They came home, they came to the court,
The Khan received them, there in his hall.
Heroes and heroes' deeds were recorded,
Heroes and heroes' deeds were rewarded.
And he asked what she wished for.
And she answered:
"My thanks to his majesty,
But Mulan asks for no post at court.
All I beg for is a camel
To take me home to my parents.”
Her parents heard she was home
And came to the city gate, each of them
Holding the other up.
Her elder sister heard she was home
And dressed herself in a brand new dress.
Her little brother heard she was home
And sharpened his knife, for pigs and for sheep.
She opened the door of the Eastern Chamber.
She sat on the bed in the Western Chamber.
She took off her warrior's coat, her warrior's cloak,
She put on the dress she'd worn as a girl.
She stood at the window, she let down her hair.
She stood at the window, she made up her face.
And then she returned to her warrior friends.
And they were astonished, their tongues would not move.
They had spent a dozen years together
And not one of them knew Mulan was a woman.
"Well," she told them, "it's just like rabbits:
When they all jump the same,
When they all blink the same,
How can you tell which is female,
which is male?"
- 译文 7 -
The Ballad of Mulan
Translated by 文殊
Click, click, for ever click, click;
Mulan sits at the door and weaves.
Listen, and you will not hear the shuttle's sound,
But only hear a girl's sobs and sighs.
'Oh, tell me, lady, are you thinking of your love,
Oh, tell me, lady, are you longing for your dear?'
'Oh no, oh no, I am not thinking of my love,
Oh no, oh no, I am not longing for my dear.
But last night I read the battle-roll;
The Khan has ordered a great levy of men.
The battle-roll was written in twelve books,
And in each book stood my father's name.
My father's sons are not grown men,
And of all my brothers, none is older than me.
Oh let me to market to buy saddle and horse,
And ride with the soldiers to take my father's place.'
In the eastern market she's bought a gallant horse.
In the western market she's bought saddle and cloth.
In the southern market she's bought snaffle and reins.
In the northern market she's bought a tall whip.
In the morning she stole from her father's and mother's house;
At night she was camping by the Yellow River's side.
She could not hear father and mother calling to her by her name,
But only the voice of the Yellow River as its waters swirled through the night.
At dawn they left the River and went on their way;
At dusk they came to the Black Water's side.
She could not hear her father and mother calling to her by her name,
She could only hear the muffled voices of foreign horsemen riding on the hills of Yen.
A thousand leagues she tramped on the errands of war,
Frontiers and hills she crossed like a bird in flight.
Through the northern air echoed the watchman's tap;
The wintry light gleamed on coats of mail.
The captain had fought a hundred fights, and died,
The warriors in ten years had won their rest.
They went home, they saw the Emperor's face;
The Son of Heaven was seated in the Hall of Light.
The deeds of the brave were recorded in twelve books;
In prizes he gave a hundred thousand cash.
Then spoke the Khan and asked her what she would take.
'Oh, Mulan asks not to be made
A Counsellor at the Khan's court;
I only beg for a camel that can march
A thousand leagues a day,
To take me back to my home.'
When her father and mother heard that she had come,
They went out to the wall and led her back to the house.
When her little sister heard that she had come,
She went to the door and rouged her face afresh.
Whe her little brother heard that his sister had come,
He sharpened his knife and darted like a flash
Towards the pigs and sheep.
She opened the gate that leads to the eastern tower,
She sat on her bed that stood in the western tower.
She cast aside her heavey soldier's cloak,
And wore again her old-time dress.
She stood at the window and bound her cloudy hair;
She went to the mirror and fastened her yellow combs.
She left the house and met her messmates in the road,
Her messmants were startled out of their wits.
They had marched with her for twelve years of war
And never known that Mulan was a girl.
For the male hare sits with its legs tucked in,
And the female hare is known for her bleary eye;
But set them both scampering side by side,
And who so wise could tell you 'This is he?'
（感谢李正栓教授提供译文，感谢广外许景城老师和山东政法大学外语学院颜海峰老师帮助搜集译本。）
（文章图片来源：堆糖网）
赏析完《木兰辞》
你会怎么翻译木兰的这四个品质呢？
quiet
composed
graceful
disciplined
长按以下二维码
欢迎关注《英语世界》
微信号：theworldofenglish