讲堂｜眼见未必真：注意力有盲点！
(Credit: boomerangmagic.com)
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阿波罗·罗宾斯（Apollo Robbins）被称为“世界上最出色的神偷”，能从任何人的外套、裤子、手腕、手指甚至脖颈之间随意“顺走”他想得到的东西，再以一种令人震惊又极具娱乐性的方式还回去。他用行动告诉我们：如果你不注意，即便近在眼前的东西，也宛如不存在。
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The Art of Misdirection
转移注意力的艺术
Do you think it is possible to control someone’s attention? Even more than that, what about predicting human behavior? I think they are very interesting ideas if you could, I mean, for me, that would be the perfect superpower. Actually kind of evil, we are approaching it.
你觉得人的注意力是可以控制的吗？或者进一步说：人的行为可预测吗？如果可以的话，那这些想法很有趣。对我来说，这将会是完美的超能力，只不过有点儿邪恶。
But for myself, in the past, I’ve spent the last 20 years studying human behavior from a rather unorthodox way: picking pockets.
过去20年，我本人一直在用一种非传统的方式观察人类的行为：小偷小摸。
When we think of misdirection, we think of something as looking off to the side when actually it’s often the things that are right in front of us, they are the hardest things to see, the things that you look at every day that you are blinded to.
提到错误引导，我们会认为是将注意力放在事物的其他方面，但实际上往往在我们眼前的事情最难被发现，那些你天天看到的东西反而是你的盲点。
For example, how many of you still have your cell phones on you right now. Great. Double check, make sure you still have them on you, I was doing some shopping beforehand.
举个例子，现场有多少人身上带着手机？很好，再检查一遍，确保手机还在身上，因为我刚才在场下转了转。
Now you’ve looked at him probably a few times a day by my ask you a question about. Without looking at your cell phone directly yet, can you remember the icon in the bottom right corner? Bring them out, check and see how accurate you are. How did you do? Show your hands. Did we get it?
估计你们今天已经看过好几次手机了，但我接下来要问一个问题：不要看手机，还记得屏幕右下角的图标是什么吗？现在拿出手机看一下，猜对了吗？怎么样，猜对的请举手。
Now that you’ve done looking at those, close them down, because every phone has something in common no matter how you organize the icons, you still have a clock on the front, so without looking at your phone, what time was it? You just looked at your clock. Right?
好了，请放下手机。所有手机都有一个共同点，那就是无论你如何整理图标，首页都会显示时间，现在别看手机，告诉我几点了？你们之前刚刚看了手机，不是吗？
It’s an interesting idea. Now I’ll ask you to take that step further with a game of trust, close your eyes. I realize I’m asking you to do that while you just read there’s a pickpocket in the room, but close your eyes.
非常有趣。接下来我们再进一步，一起玩一个关于信任的游戏，请闭上眼睛。突然意识到刚才我告诉你们，我是个小偷，现在却要你们闭上眼睛，但还是请你们闭上眼睛。
Now you’ve been watching me for about 30 seconds. With your eyes closed, what am I wearing? Make your best guess. What color is my shirt? What color is my tie?
到目前为止，你们至少盯着我有30秒了，请告诉我，我穿的什么衣服，尽力想。我的衬衫是什么颜色，领带是什么颜色？
（视频截图）
Now, open your eyes by showing hands when you’re right. It’s interesting, isn’t it? Some of us have our little bit more perceptive than ours it seems that way.
现在请睁开眼睛，如果你猜对了，请举手。很有趣，对不对？有些人的感知能力比其他人要强一些，至少看起来是这样。
But I have a different theory about that, that model of attention, they have fancy models of attention, Posner’s Trinity Model of Attention. For me, I like to think of it very simple, like a surveillance system, it’s kind of like you have all these fancy sensors. And inside your brain it is a little security guard. For me, I like to call him Frank.
关于注意力模式，我有自己的理论。注意力模式的理论有很多，比如波斯纳的三位一体注意力模式。而我倾向把它想得简单一点儿，把它看作一个监控系统。人有许许多多的感觉器官。在大脑内，有一个小小的安保人员，就叫它弗兰克吧。
So, Frank is sitting at a desk, he’s got all sorts of cool information in front of him, high-tech equipment, he has got cameras, he has got a little phone that he can pick up, listen to the ears, all these sensors, all these perceptions. But attention is what steers your perceptions is what controls your reality, it’s the gateway to the mind.
弗兰克坐在桌子旁，他眼前有各种各样的信息，有高科技设备，有照相机，还有能接听的小电话，各种感觉和知觉。但是注意力会引导你的认知，掌控你看到的现实，还是通往心灵的大门。
If you don’t attend to something, you can’t be aware of it, but ironically you can attend to something without being aware of it, that’s why there’s the cocktail effect bringing around a party you’re having conversations with someone and yet you can recognize your name and you didn’t even realize you were listening to that.
如果没有注意，你就察觉不到；但有意思的是，在没有察觉的情况下，你也会注意到某个东西——我们称之为“鸡尾酒效应”。所谓“鸡尾酒效应”，是指当你在一个派对上专心与某人交谈时，却能马上听出自己的名字，而你甚至都没有意识到自己在听。
Now for my job, I have to play with techniques to exploit this to play with your attention as a limited resource. So, if I could control how you spend your attention, if I could, maybe, steal your attention through a distraction.
我的工作就是充分利用这一效应，摆弄有限的注意力，来看看我能不能控制你支配自己注意力的方式，或者通过干扰来窃取你的注意力。
Now instead of doing it like misdirection and drawing off to the side, instead, what I choose a focus on is Frank. To be able to play with the Frank inside your head, your little security guard. And get you instead of focusing on your external senses just to go internal for a second.
与其分散你的注意力，将其转移到其他方面，我选择的是专注于弗兰克，与你脑中的弗兰克——也就是那个小保安——玩个游戏，让你暂时不那么专注于外部感知，而是专注于内部感知。
So if I ask you to access a memory like what does that? what just happened? Do you have a wallet, do you have an American Express in your wallet? And when I do that, your Frank turns around. The access to the file, he has to rewind the tape.
我会让你读取一段记忆，比如：这是什么？刚才发生了什么？你有钱包吗？你钱包里有运通卡（信用卡）吗？当我问这些问题的时候，你的弗兰克会去找资料，为此他得倒带。
（视频截图）
And what’s interesting is he can’t rewind the tape at the same time they strive to process new data. I mean, this sounds like a good theory, but I could talk for a long time and tell you lots of things, and they may be true portion of them. But I think it’s better if I tried to show that to you here in live.
有趣的是，处理新信息的时候不能同时倒带。听起来是个不错的理论，我可以讲很久，告诉你们很多东西，总有一些是真的。但是我认为当场演示效果会更好。
So if I come down and made a little bit of shopping, just hold still where you are.
所以我要走下台，又要逛一下了，请保持原地不动。
Hello, how are you? So glad to see you. You did wonderful job on stage. You have a lovely watch that doesn’t come off very well. Do you have a ring as well? Just taking inventory, you’re like a buffet. It’s hard to tell where to start, there’s so many great things.
你好，见到你真高兴。你刚才的演讲很棒。手表很不错，但有点儿不好取。你有戒指吗？很好，只是清点一下，你们简直就像丰盛的自助餐，有这么多好东西，我都不知道从哪儿开始了。
Hi, how are you? Good to see you. Sir, could you stand up for me please? Just rise where you are. You’re married? your polar direction is well, that’s nice to meet you, sir, you don’t have a whole lot inside your pockets, anything down by the bucket over here. Hopefully so. Have a seat, there you go. You’re doing well.
你好，很高兴见到你。先生，你好，能麻烦你站起来一下吗？站在原地就好。你结婚了，不错。很高兴见到你，先生，你的口袋里似乎没什么东西，下面口袋还有什么吗？希望有。请坐，谢谢！
Hi sir, how are you? Good to see you sir, you have a ring, a watch. Do you have a wallet on you? We will find one for you. Come on up in this way, Joe. Give Joe a to a round of applause. Come on up, Joe, let’s play a game.
先生，你好。很高兴见到你，你有戒指，还有手表，身上有钱包吗？没有，很好，待会儿我们会给你一个。往这边走，乔，请为他鼓掌。乔，请上台，我们玩个游戏。
Pardon me, don’t think that use this clicker anymore, you can have that, thank you very much, appreciate that. Come on up to the stage let’s play a little game Joe.
不好意思。我觉得我不需要这个遥控器了，给你吧，谢谢，非常感谢。请上台，乔，我们玩个游戏吧。
Now, do you have anything in your front pockets? Money? All right. Let’s try that, can you stand right over this way for me? Turn around and let’s see if I give you something that belongs to me, this is just something, I have a poker chip.
你前面的裤袋里有东西吗？现金？很好，我们试试吧。你能站到这边来吗？请转过来，我把我的东西给你，一枚扑克筹码。
Will you lend your hand for me? Watch it kind of close now, this is a task for you to focus on. You have your money in your front pocket here? I’m not going actually to put my hand in your pocket and I’m not ready for that kind of commitment.
伸出手来，看好了，这是你需要集中注意力的东西。你前面裤袋里有现金对吗？是的，很好，我可没打算把手伸到你的口袋里，我还没做好心理准备。
One time, a guy had a hole in his pocket and that was really traumatizing for me. I was looking for his wallet. He gave me his phone numbers. That is a big miscommunication.
有一次，我碰到一个人，他的口袋里有个洞，那次经历给我留下了巨大的心理阴影。我本来是在找他的钱包，结果他给了我他的电话号码，真是个天大的误会。
So, let’s do this simply, squeeze your hand, squeeze it tight. Do you feel the poker chip in your hand? Would you be surprised if I could take it out of your hand? Say yes. Good, open your hand, thank you very much. I’ll cheat if you give me a chance.
开始吧，请握紧你的手，握紧点儿，能感觉到手中的筹码吗？如果我能把它从你手中拿走，你会惊讶吗？请说会。很好。张开手，谢谢！你稍有疏忽，我就会作弊。
Make it harder for me, use your hand grab my wrist but squeeze, squeeze firm. Did you see it go? It is not here. Open your hand, see while we were focused on the hand it’s sitting on your shoulder right now.
现在加大点儿难度。用你的手抓住我的手腕，用力抓紧。你看到筹码溜走了吗？没有，但它不在这儿，张开手，看到了吧，当我们专注于手的时候，它其实已经落到了你的肩膀上。
Going to take it off. Now, let’s try that again, hold your hand out flat, open it up all the way, put your hand up a little bit higher, but watch it closer Joe. See, but slowly it would be back on your shoulder.
请把它拿下来。再来一遍，把手张开，张到最大，请稍微抬起点儿，但是要紧紧盯着它。看，动作慢一点儿，它还是会回到你的肩膀上。
Joe, we can keep doing this so you catch it. You’re going to get it eventually. I have faith in you. Squeeze firm, squeeze, you’re human, you’re not slow. It is back on your shoulder.
乔，我们可以一直这样，直到你抓住它为止。你总会抓住它的，我相信你。抓紧了，毕竟你是人类，动作很敏捷。它又回到你肩膀上了。
You’re focusing on your hand, that’s why you are distracted. While you’re watching this, I couldn’t quite get your watch off, it was difficult. Yet you had something inside your front pocket. Do you remember what it was?
刚才你的注意力一直在手上，所以你就分心了。当你专注手的时候，我不能取下你的手表，但是你前面的口袋里还有东西，你还记得里面装着什么吗？
Check your pocket, see if it’s still there, is it still there? Well, that’s where it was. Go ahead and put it away, we are just shopping. This trick is more about the timing really. I’m going to try to push it inside your hand and put your other hand on top for me, would you? It’s amazingly obvious now, isn’t it? Looks a lot like the watch I was wearing, doesn’t it?
检查一下口袋看看现金还在不在，还在吗？哦，它在这儿呢，请把它放回去。我们只是随便看看，这个游戏更多的是对时间的把握，接下来我会把它放在你的手里，能把你的另一只手放在上面吗？一切显而易见，出乎意料，不是吗？很像我现在戴着的手表，对吗？
But it’s only a start, let’s try to get a little bit differently, hold your hands together, put your other hand on top. Now if you’re watching this little token, this obviously become a little target. It’s like a red herring.
这才是个开始，再来一次，但这次略有不同。把你的手放在一起，把另一只手放在上面。当你注视这枚筹码的时候，它就成了你专注的对象，就像红色的鲱鱼。
We watch this kind of close. It looks like it goes away. It is not back on your shoulder, it falls out of the airline’s right, back in the hand. Did you see it go? It is funny. Look at the guy, he is union. He works up there all day. If I did slowly, it goes straight away and lands down by your pocket, I believe, is it in this pocket, sir?
仔细盯着。看起来像消失了。这次不在你的肩膀上。它会从空中掉下来，落在你手上。看清楚了吗？很有趣吧，上面有个人跟我是一伙的，成天干这事儿。如果我动作慢点儿，它马上就溜走了。这次掉在你的口袋里了，在你的口袋里吗？
No, don’t reach in your pocket. That’s a different show. It’s rather strange. They have shots for that. Can I show what that is? This is rather a bizarre. Is this yours, sir? I would have no idea how that works with just send that over there, that’s great, I need help with this one.
别把手伸进去，那是另外的节目。有点儿奇怪，我能给大家展示这个吗？真奇怪，先生，请问这是你的吗？我不知道这是怎么回事，把它放那儿好了。很好，我这儿需要一点儿帮助。
Step over this way for me. Now don’t run away, you have something done with your pants pocket. I was checking but I couldn’t find everything. But I know he had something here. Feel the outside of your pocket for a moment down here I noticed this is something of yours. I had no idea, that’s a shrimp.
请站到这边来，别站得太远。你的裤子口袋里还有点儿东西。我正在找，可是怎么也找不到，但我注意到你那儿似乎有点儿什么，我能摸一下你的口袋外面吗？我发现了这个，先生，请问这是你的吗？是吗？我完全不知道是怎么回事，一只虾。
You have entertained all these people in a wonderful way better than you know. So we’d love to give you this lovely watch as a gift. Hopefully matches his taste, but also we have a couple of other things, a little bit of cash and then we have a few other things.
你给在场所有人带来了欢乐，比你想象的还要多，所以我想把这块手表送给你以示感谢。此外，我还有其他礼物要送给你，一点儿现金，还有些其他东西。
These all belong to you along with a big round of applause from all your friends, Joe, thank you very much.
这些都是你的，还有来自现场朋友的热烈掌声，非常感谢你，乔。
So same question I asked you before, but this time you don’t have to close your eyes. What am I wearing?
现在，我想再问一遍之前问过的那个问题。但这次不需要你们闭上眼睛——我今天穿了什么？
（视频截图）
Attention is a powerful thing like I said, it shapes your reality so I guess I’d like to pose that question to you, if you control somebody’s attention, what would you do with it? Thank you.
注意力是非常强大的，正如我之前所说的，它决定了你的现实世界，所以我想问大家一个问题：如果你能控制一个人的注意力，你会用它做什么？谢谢。