悦读｜朱自清《匆匆》（双语）
(Credit: 3rdactmagazine.com)
朱自清的代表作《匆匆》诞生于1922年初春。这篇散文反映了当时“五四”青年的彷徨和对人生的追求。作者借助初春景色，用文字与丰富的修辞抒发内心的情感，用无限的想象释放对美好未来的渴望。“匆匆”二字是整篇文章的核心所在，代表着永不停留的时光脚步，细腻刻画了作者对时间转瞬而逝的无奈和惋惜，更重要的是提醒广大青年珍惜时光，在有限的时间里迸发出自身的光和热。
今天推荐的英文译本出自朱纯深教授。朱教授于1993年获得英国诺丁汉大学博士学位，现任香港中文大学（深圳）翻译学教授，《中国翻译》和 The Journal of Interpreter and Translator Trainer (ITT) 编委，香港浸会大学翻译学中心荣誉研究员。研究方向包括翻译研究、应用语言学、机器辅助翻译教学、诗学和文体学。
（朗读：北京邮电大学人文学院 徐静）
文/朱自清译析/朱纯深
燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢——是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了罢——现在又到了那里呢？Swallows may have gone, but there is a time of return; willow trees may have died back, but there is a time of regreening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again. Now, you the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return? — If they had been stolen by someone, who could it be? Where could he hide then? If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment?
【解析】文章一开头，用了一个三重排比句，具有很强的气势。英译时采用了相应的句式，但为了避免过多重复而显得单调，在最后一部分稍作改变，不用 there is a time of reblooming 。
我不知道他们给了我多少日子，但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去，像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。I do not know how many days I have been given to spend, but I do feel my hands are getting empty. Taking stock silently, I find that more than eight thousand days has already slid away from me. Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing into the ocean, my days are dripping into the stream of time, soundless, traceless. Already sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes.
【解析】在本世纪的白话文中，我们常常会发现第三人称代词的用法不甚规范。比如朱自清本人就用“他们”指代过“女子”（《荷塘月色》）。本篇中分别用了“他们”和“他”来指代“太阳”和“日子”，当然可以看作是拟人化的修辞手法而在翻译中保留下来。但是，这一句中的“他们”是很松散的泛指，所以就用被动式避开。
去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着；去来的中间，又怎样地匆匆呢？早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄地挪移了，我也茫茫然跟着旋转。于是——洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去，天黑时，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身上跨过，从我脚边飞去了。等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。我掩着面叹息。但是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。Those that have gone have gone for good, those to come keep coming; yet in between, how swift is the shift, in such a rush? When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun marks its presence in my small room in two or three oblongs. The sun has feet, look, he is treading on, lightly and furtively; and I am caught, blankly, in his revolution. Thus — the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands, wears off in the bowl when I eat my meal, passes away before my day-dreaming gaze as I reflect in silence. I can feel his haste now, so I reach out my hands to hold him back, but he keeps flowing past my withholding hands. In the evening, as I lie in bed, he strides over my body, glides past my feet, in his agile way. The moment I open my eyes and meet the sun again, one whole day has gone. I bury my face in my hands and heave a sigh. But the new day begins to flash past in the sigh.
【解析】本句以排比加设问来带出整段对时光匆匆流逝的具体描绘。英译文选用 swift、shift、such、crush 这些词，意在通过短元音和爆破音、摩擦音的集中重复，影射匆匆中的纷扰。本句原文的三个排比部分中重复出现的“过去”一词，英译文中分别用 flow away、wear off 和 pass away，是为了跟设喻的形象对应。
在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？只有徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢？过去的日子如轻烟被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了；我留着些什么痕迹呢？我何曾留着像游丝样的痕迹呢？我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸的回去罢？但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊？What can I do, in this bustling world, with my days flying in their escape? Nothing but to hesitate, to rush. What have I been doing in that eight-thousand-day rush, apart from hesitating? Those bygone days have been dispersed as smoke by a light wind, or evaporated as mist by the morning sun. What traces have I left behind me? Have I ever left behind any gossamer traces at all? I have come to this world, stark-naked; am I to go back, in a blink, in the same stark-nakedness? It is not fair though: why should I have made such a trip for nothing!
【解析】句中的“千门万户的世界”一语，乍一看似乎是指世界之大，但仔细推敲意义不应该如此简单，因为写世界之大的词语很多，这里通过“门户”很多来形容，另有所指。译者认为这个词语应该兼有“人事纷繁”的意思，所以用 bustling world 来译，这样也与篇名相符。 “徘徊”和“匆匆”似乎是矛盾的，在这里却摆在了一起，不禁令人诧异。后半句马上作出解释，原来“匆匆”的是时光，“徘徊”的是人心。推而广之，这就是物质和肉体的外在“匆匆”与内心和精神的内在“徘徊”之间的冲突。基于这个分析，译者用了 hesitate 而不是其他表面看来更接近原文的词来译“徘徊”。
你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？You the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return?
南京农业大学外国语学院实习生
王茜、杨姝涵 整理