2017谷歌学术指标出炉，影响因子何去何从？

2017-07-24 科研圈

本月，谷歌学术 (Google Scholar) 根据截至2017年6月的数据，发布了最新学术指标。这会不会进一步影响学术期刊的评价体系？本文做出对比和分析，并整理各学科谷歌学术指标排名前20名的期刊，供大家参考。

谷歌学术自2004年底推出以来，受到广大学者的一致好评，影响力日益增大。与 Web of Science 相比，谷歌学术不仅可以免费检索，而且范围远远大于 Web of Science，既包括正常的学术期刊，也涉及书籍、会议以及各种预印本。据估计，截止至2014年5月，谷歌学术共收集1亿6千万篇学术文献，几乎是历史更为悠久的 Web of Science 的三倍，已经成为学者们文献检索不可或缺的重要工具。

鉴于谷歌学术的强大功能，业界预期谷歌最终将推出谷歌科学（Google Science），集检索、出版和社交于一身，从而可能颠覆现有学术出版和评价体系。虽然谷歌科学尚未上线，谷歌最新的学术指标（Google Scholar Metric）已经推出，并开始冲击影响因子的地位。

谷歌学术指标基于所谓的 h5因子（H-index），即某一出版物在过去5年发表的文章之中，至少有 h5篇文章每篇引用不低于 h5次。例如排名最高的Nature，在2012年至2016年 h5因子为366，表明这一期间 Nature 共有366篇文章引用数不低于366次。此外，谷歌学术指标还统计 h5中位数，也就是进入 h5因子的所有文章的引用中位数。例如 Nature 的 h5中位数（H-median）为563次，显示其进入 h5因子统计的366篇文章中，排名第183位的文章引用数为563次。

和影响因子相比，谷歌学术指标有一定的优势。首先，与影响因子只基于过去两年数据不同，谷歌学术指标统计过去五年的数据，因而更加体现一个出版物的持久影响力，而不仅仅是当前的热度。更为重要的是，谷歌学术指标采用 h5因子进行评价，显示的是出版物综合整体实力，而不会像影响因子那样很容易受一篇高引用文章所扭曲。一个最好的例子就是近年影响因子排名第一的 CA - A Cancer Journal for Clinicians，在谷歌学术指标中始终在前100名以外。与此相关的是，谷歌学术指标能够更为准确的体现一个出版物的实际影响。简而言之，两个出版物发表文章数量不同，但影响因子接近，显然发表数量多的影响力更广。这种差别在影响因子上看不出来，而在谷歌学术指标上则很容易体现。一个例子就是 Nanoscale 和 Nano Research，两者都是国人主导的纳米领域杂志，短短几年都取得非常优异的成绩，影响因子都达到了7、8左右。但 Nanoscale 发表文章更多，因此进入了工程和计算机科学的前20名。

h因子评价体系最初由 UCSD 物理学家 Jorge Hirsch 提出，用于评价一个学者的影响力。h5指数的计算方式与h因子相仿。

下面请看2017年最新谷歌学术指标清单。

总体排名 (前100名)

Rank	Publication	h5-I	h5-M
1	Nature	366	563
2	The New England Journal of Medicine	352	597
3	Science	320	466
4	The Lancet	273	420
5	Chemical Society reviews	241	346
6	Cell	237	358
7	Journal of the American Chemical Society	219	288
8	Advanced Materials	218	299
9	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences	216	275
10	Chemical Reviews	211	339
11	Nature Communications	201	267
12	JAMA	199	310
13	Physical Review Letters	196	290
14	Angewandte Chemie International Edition	196	275
15	Nano Letters	195	298
16	Journal of Clinical Oncology	194	273
17	Nucleic Acids Research	192	358
18	Energy & Environmental Science	192	281
19	ACS Nano	186	255
20	Nature Genetics	182	267
21	arXiv High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)	181	264
22	Journal of the American College of Cardiology	176	253
23	Nature Materials	173	300
24	arXiv Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)	172	273
25	PLoS ONE	171	225
26	The Lancet Oncology	169	269
27	arXiv Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)	168	252
28	Circulation	168	246
29	arXiv High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)	168	227
30	Nature Medicine	165	239
31	NBER Working Papers	165	235
32	Journal of High Energy Physics	161	220
33	The Astrophysical Journal	161	206
34	arXiv Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)	158	250
35	IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR	158	237
36	Blood	156	210
37	Nature Biotechnology	155	262
38	Nature Nanotechnology	152	263
39	The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews	150	220
40	Accounts of Chemical Research	150	206
41	Nature Photonics	149	260
42	Nature Methods	148	220
43	British Medical Journal	148	206
44	Neuron	146	216
45	Physical Review D	144	206
46	Gastroenterology	142	210
47	Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews	142	178
48	The American Economic Review	141	216
49	The Journal of Clinical Investigation	141	189
50	arXiv Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)	137	242
51	Nature Reviews Genetics	137	232
52	Immunity	137	212
53	Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)	137	171
54	Nature Neuroscience	136	186
55	European Heart Journal	135	199
56	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society	134	177
57	Advanced Functional Materials	133	186
58	Scientific Reports	131	190
59	Cancer Research	131	169
60	Nature Reviews Immunology	129	226
61	arXiv Quantum Physics (quant-ph)	129	187
62	Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology	128	253
63	Science Translational Medicine	128	186
64	NeuroImage	128	173
65	Annals of Internal Medicine	127	204
66	Journal of Materials Chemistry	127	163
67	Nature Physics	126	211
68	Nature Reviews Cancer	125	229
69	Cell Stem Cell	125	174
70	Diabetes Care	125	163
71	Cancer Cell	124	193
72	Nanoscale	123	178
73	Physical Review B	123	175
74	Clinical Cancer Research	123	160
75	Hepatology	122	158
76	Cell Metabolism	121	171
77	Molecular Cell	121	166
78	IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics	121	160
79	Journal of Financial Economics	120	189
80	Nature Climate Change	120	177
81	Biomaterials	120	151
82	arXiv High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)	120	149
83	Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey	119	228
84	ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces	119	147
85	Physics Letters B	118	177
86	Clinical Infectious Diseases	118	155
87	The Lancet Neurology	117	200
88	Gut	117	192
89	Nature Immunology	117	180
90	Environmental Science & Technology	117	159
91	Journal of Hepatology	117	155
92	Journal of Materials Chemistry. A	117	149
93	Annals of Oncology	116	168
94	European Urology	116	165
95	arXiv Information Theory (cs.IT)	116	161
96	The Journal of Physical Chemistry C	116	154
97	Nature Reviews Neuroscience	115	217
98	IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics	115	158
99	IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence	114	197
100	Nature Chemistry	114	169

化学与材料科学

Rank	Publication	h5-I	h5-M
1	Chemical Society reviews	241	346
2	Journal of the American Chemical Society	219	288
3	Advanced Materials	218	299
4	Chemical Reviews	211	339
5	Angewandte Chemie International Edition	196	275
6	Nano Letters	195	298
7	Energy & Environmental Science	192	281
8	ACS Nano	186	255
9	Nature Materials	173	300
10	Nature Nanotechnology	152	263
11	Accounts of Chemical Research	150	206
12	Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)	137	171
13	Advanced Functional Materials	133	186
14	Journal of Materials Chemistry	127	163
15	Nanoscale	123	178
16	Biomaterials	120	151
17	ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces	119	147
18	Journal of Materials Chemistry. A	117	149
19	The Journal of Physical Chemistry C	116	154
20	Nature Chemistry	114	169

工程与计算机科学

Rank	Publication	h5-I	h5-M
1	Advanced Materials	218	299
2	Nano Letters	195	298
3	Energy & Environmental Science	192	281
4	ACS Nano	186	255
5	Nature Materials	173	300
6	IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR	158	237
7	Nature Nanotechnology	152	263
8	Nature Photonics	149	260
9	Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews	142	178
10	arXiv Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)	137	242
11	Advanced Functional Materials	133	186
12	Journal of Materials Chemistry	127	163
13	Nanoscale	123	178
14	IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics	121	160
15	ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces	119	147
16	Journal of Materials Chemistry. A	117	149
17	arXiv Information Theory (cs.IT)	116	161
18	The Journal of Physical Chemistry C	116	154
19	IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics	115	158
20	IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence	114	197

物理与数学

Rank	Publication	h5-I	h5-M
1	Physical Review Letters	196	290
2	arXiv High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)	181	264
3	arXiv Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)	172	273
4	arXiv Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)	168	252
5	arXiv High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)	168	227
6	Journal of High Energy Physics	161	220
7	The Astrophysical Journal	161	206
8	arXiv Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)	158	250
9	Nature Photonics	149	260
10	Physical Review D	144	206
11	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society	134	177
12	arXiv Quantum Physics (quant-ph)	129	187
13	Nature Physics	126	211
14	Physical Review B	123	175
15	arXiv High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)	120	149
16	Physics Letters B	118	177
17	arXiv Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)	114	145
18	The European Physical Journal C	112	188
19	arXiv High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)	112	156
20	Astronomy & Astrophysics	109	148

生命与地球科学

Rank	Publication	h5-I	h5-M
1	Nature	366	563
2	Science	320	466
3	Cell	237	358
4	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences	216	275
5	Nature Communications	201	267
6	Nucleic Acids Research	192	358
7	Nature Genetics	182	267
8	PLoS ONE	171	225
9	Nature Biotechnology	155	262
10	Nature Methods	148	220
11	Neuron	146	216
12	Nature Reviews Genetics	137	232
13	Scientific Reports	131	190
14	Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology	128	253
15	Cell Stem Cell	125	174
16	Cell Metabolism	121	171
17	Molecular Cell	121	166
18	Nature Climate Change	120	177
19	Environmental Science & Technology	117	159
20	Nature Cell Biology	112	171

健康与医学

Rank	Publication	h5-I	h5-M
1	The New England Journal of Medicine	352	597
2	The Lancet	273	420
3	Cell	237	358
4	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences	216	275
5	JAMA	199	310
6	Journal of Clinical Oncology	194	273
7	Nature Genetics	182	267
8	Journal of the American College of Cardiology	176	253
9	PLoS ONE	171	225
10	The Lancet Oncology	169	269
11	Circulation	168	246
12	Nature Medicine	165	239
13	Blood	156	210
14	The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews	150	220
15	British Medical Journal	148	206
16	Neuron	146	216
17	Gastroenterology	142	210
18	The Journal of Clinical Investigation	141	189
19	Immunity	137	212
20	Nature Neuroscience	136	186

商业、经济和管理

Rank	Publication	h5-I	h5-M
1	NBER Working Papers	165	235
2	The American Economic Review	141	216
3	Journal of Financial Economics	120	189
4	The Journal of Finance	109	185
5	The Review of Financial Studies	91	156
6	The Quarterly Journal of Economics	89	203
7	International Journal of Production Economics	83	109
8	Journal of Management	82	126
9	Management Science	82	119
10	Journal of Business Ethics	82	115
11	Journal of Business Research	81	120
12	Academy of Management Journal	80	134
13	Management Information Systems Quarterly	79	133
14	Tourism Management	79	108
15	Econometrica	78	137
16	Strategic Management Journal	76	110
17	Journal of Banking & Finance	76	101
18	The Journal of Economic Perspectives	75	152
19	Review of Economics and Statistics	74	123
20	World Development	73	98

人文、文学和艺术

Rank	Publication	h5-I	h5-M
1	Journal of Communication	50	97
2	Language Learning	42	64
3	Journalism	36	59
4	Journalism Practice	34	61
5	Applied Linguistics	34	46
6	Gender & Society	34	45
7	International Journal of Communication	34	44
8	Synthese	34	39
9	TESOL Quarterly	33	48
10	Digital Journalism	32	52
11	Journal of Pragmatics	32	48
12	Journalism Studies	32	46
13	Psychology of Music	31	48
14	The Modern Language Journal	31	43
15	Philosophical Studies	31	37
16	Natural Language & Linguistic Theory	30	51
17	Journal of Second Language Writing	30	43
18	Media, Culture & Society	29	44
19	Philosophy and Phenomenological Research	29	43
20	African Affairs	29	41

社会科学

Rank	Publication	h5-I	h5-M
1	Computers & Education	94	137
2	Research Policy	82	134
3	Journal of Business Ethics	82	115
4	American Journal of Public Health	81	119
5	Social Science & Medicine	78	104
6	Health Affairs	77	113
7	Global Environmental Change	76	114
8	American Journal of Political Science	64	104
9	Journal of Educational Psychology	62	93
10	New Media & Society	59	103
11	Annals of Tourism Research	59	86
12	American Political Science Review	57	104
13	Academic Medicine	57	83
14	American Sociological Review	56	76
15	Progress in Human Geography	55	88
16	Journal of Vocational Behavior	55	75
17	Teaching and Teacher Education	55	70
18	Journal of Youth and Adolescence	54	77
19	Applied Geography	54	73
20	Government Information Quarterly	53	85