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2018年度中国科学十大进展公布！你看懂了几个？
27日，中国科技部基础研究管理中心公布“2018年度中国科学十大进展”。
2018年中国科学家做出的这十大进展是：
基于体细胞核移植技术成功克隆出猕猴
创建出首例人造单染色体真核细胞
揭示抑郁发生及氯胺酮快速抗抑郁机制
研制出用于肿瘤治疗的智能型DNA纳米机器人
测得迄今最高精度的引力常数G值
首次直接探测到电子宇宙射线能谱在1TeV附近的拐折
揭示水合离子的原子结构和幻数效应
创建出可探测细胞内结构相互作用的纳米和毫秒尺度成像技术
调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展
将人类生活在黄土高原的历史推前至距今212万年
(via 科技日报)
以下是双语报道：
Nanorobots, monkey clones named among China’s top 10 scientific advances
China's national science and technology authorities on Wednesday announced the top 10 scientific achievements made by the country's researchers in 2018, including such advancements as the first cloned monkeys and cancer-treating nanorobots.
27日，中国科技部基础研究管理中心公布“2018年度中国科学十大进展”，其中包括了首次克隆成功的猕猴和用于肿瘤治疗的纳米机器人。
（图via科技日报）
The 2018 ranking of scientific achievements was organized by the basic research management center of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The first cloning of two macaques by Chinese scientists, creation of the first-ever artificial single-chromosome eukaryote and development of cancer-hunting nanorobots are among the top-10 list.
“2018年度中国科学十大进展”是由中国科学技术部的基础研究管理中心组织评选的。首次由中国科学家克隆成功的两只猕猴、首例人造单染色体真核细胞，以及肿瘤治疗纳米机器人都位列其中。
（图via科技日报）
A total of 353 scientific research findings were recommended before experts selected 30 for a shortlist from which the final top-10 list was determined through a poll of 2,600 scientists including academicians at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
“中国科学十大进展”遴选程序分为推荐、初选和终选3个环节。总共有353项科学研究进展被推荐参与评选。先由专家从推荐的科学进展中遴选出30项进入终选候选名单。再由包括中国科学院院士、中国工程院院士在内的2600余名专家学者对这30项候选科学进展进行网上投票，选出得票数排名前10位的科学进展入选“2018年度中国科学十大进展”。
The discovery of the measurement of the so-far most accurate gravity constant and the first direct detection of spectral break around 1 tera-electron-volts of the electron cosmic ray spectrum by the Wukong - China's dark matter detection satellite or the Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) - are also among the top 10 list.
排名前10的科学进展还包括：测得迄今最高精度的引力常数G值，和由暗物质粒子探测卫星“悟空”首次直接探测到的电子宇宙射线能谱在1TeV附近的拐折。
"Such national recognition does not come with additional funding as a bonus. But since the launch of the program, the team has received strong financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, CAS, as well as the National Natural Science foundation," Yuan Qiang, a researcher of the DAMPE team who is in charge of cosmic ray data analysis, told the Global Times on Wednesday.
“这种国家级的认可并没有额外的资金作为奖金。但是自从项目设立，团队就获得了科技部、中国科学院，和国家自然科学基金委员会强有力的财政支持，”“悟空”团队负责宇宙射线数据分析的研究员袁强周三告诉《环球时报》。
Yuan said the team felt honored and grateful that the country would significantly support research and development in the field of basic sciences, although some of the achievements' applications may seem far from daily life.
袁强说他们团队感到很荣幸和高兴，国家能大力支持基础科学领域的研究和发展，尽管一些成果的运用显得与日常生活非常遥远。
China's financial input in research and development of basic sciences doubled in the past five years from 41.2 billion yuan ($6.5 billion) in 2011 to 82.3 billion yuan in 2016, according to information released by China's Ministry of Science and Technology in February 2018.
根据中国科技部2018年2月公布的信息，中国在基础科学研究和发展的财政投入在过去5年中翻了一番，从2011年的412亿元（65亿美元）增长到2016年的823亿元。
China also sets an annual top national science award which came with a cash prize of 8 million yuan in 2019, a sum larger than last year's Nobel Prize amount.
2019年，中国还将每年评审一次的国家科学技术奖奖金设置为800万元，比去年的诺贝尔奖金金额还要高。
However, according to a guideline the State Council released in 2018, although the country has made substantial progress in basic science, it still lags behind its goal of becoming a science and technology power in disciplines like mathematics.
然而，根据国务院2018年发布的指导方针，虽然我国已经在基础科学领域取得了实质性进展，但就成为数学等科目的科技强国而言，我国离这一目标还有段距离。
The US outspends China on basic research.
美国在基础研究领域的开销超过了中国。
Data provided by the American Association for the Advancement of Science shows that in 2018, the US total basic research budget reached over $38 billion.
美国科学促进会提供的数据显示，2018年美国基础研究的预算总额超过了380亿美元。
A Global Times reporter found that most of the top 10 awardee projects have been published in or positively acknowledged by world-class scientific journals like Nature, Science, and Cell.
《环球时报》记者发现，“十大进展”中的大部分已经在世界最著名的科学期刊《自然》、《科学》和《细胞》上发表，或者得到了这些期刊的肯定。
For example, US journal The Scientist listed the tumor-destroying nanorobots as one of the seven top technical advances in 2018.
例如，美国学术杂志《科学家》将可摧毁肿瘤的纳米机器人列为2018年7大顶级技术突破之一。
Top international journal standard
顶级国际期刊标准
Four of the 2018 top 10 scientific findings are the result of cooperation between Chinese researchers and research teams from the US and the UK.
2018年度中国科学十大进展中有4项是中国研究者和来自美国和英国的研究团队的合作成果。
The cancer treating nanorobot development was jointly launched by Chinese researchers at the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology with a US team from Arizona State University.
用于肿瘤治疗的纳米机器人开发项目就是国家纳米科学中心的中国研究者和美国亚利桑那州立大学研究团队共同发起的。
The program entitled "Visualizing intracellular organelle and cytoskeletal interactions at nanoscale resolution on millisecond timescales," which is among the top 10 and was published in Cell, is a collaboration by Li Dong at the Institute of Biophysics of CAS, and American researchers from Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
跻身“十大进展”的“创建出可探测细胞内结构相互作用的纳米和毫秒尺度成像技术”项目发表在了《细胞》杂志上，它是中国科学院生物物理研究所李栋课题组和美国霍华德休斯医学院Janelia Research Campus研究机构的合作项目。
The DAMPE detector for dark matter in space is also an international collaboration among China, Italy and Switzerland.
“悟空”号暗物质粒子探测卫星也是中国和意大利、瑞士的国际合作项目。
Another top 10 study, findings of which pushed back the history of human life in China's Loess Plateau to 2.12 million years ago, was co-conducted by Zhu Zhaoyu from the CAS Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Huang Weiwen from Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, and research team led by Robin Dennell from the UK's University of Exeter over 13 years of collaboration.
另一项“科学十大进展”，将人类生活在黄土高原的历史推前至距今212万年，是中国科学院广州地球化学研究所的朱照宇、中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所的黄慰文，和英国埃克塞特大学Robin Dennell领导的团队历经13年的研究成果。
（图via科技日报）
It showcases the current trend of basic science research in which the best international minds inevitably work together, Yuan noted.
袁强指出，它展示了当下基础科学研究的趋势：最优秀的国际学者们必将一起合作研究。
The selection of the 10 greatest scientific developments has been successfully conducted by the country's science and technology authorities 14 times.
“中国科学十大进展”遴选活动由科技部基础研究管理中心牵头举办，至今已成功举办14届。
Such an event is designed to enhance public understanding of the country's scientific achievements and promote support for fundamental research, the Xinhua News Agency reported on Wednesday.
据新华社报道，旨在宣传我国重大基础研究科学进展，开展基础研究科普宣传，促进公众理解、关心和支持基础研究。
原文：Deng Xiaoci
翻译：Du Qiongfang
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