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数据告诉你,上名校是否真有那么重要?!

Du Qiongfang 环球时报GlobalTimes 2019-03-29

临近3月底,相信很多申请美国学校的童鞋们已经陆续收到了录取通知书。不知各位小可爱有没有申请到自己心仪的学校?

说起美国大学,最近爆出的美国历史上最大规模高校招生舞弊案仍在发酵。美国司法部曝光的这起高校招生丑闻,涉案的高校包括了耶鲁大学、斯坦福大学、南加州大学、加州大学洛杉矶分校等知名学府。


于是,美国媒体就抛出了这么一个问题:


你上哪个大学真有那么重要吗?(Via CNN)


而NBC News则引用研究数据分析,名校光环、名校教育、学生素质,哪个才是名校毕业生取得成功的决定性因素。


(Via NBC News)


文章指出,要回答这个问题相当复杂。而且,有钱家长花重金将子女送入名校,不仅仅为了名校的优质教育,还可能是为了在简历上填上名校的名字


Students from the University of Southern California, where Lori Loughlin, best known as Aunt Becky from "Full House," and fashion designer Mossimo Giannulli, sent their two daughters, can look forward to a starting salary of $62,000.


以饰演经典喜剧《欢乐满屋》中Becky姨妈一角而出名的女演员洛莉·路格林(Lori Loughlin)和她的设计师丈夫莫斯莫·吉安纳里(Mossimo Giannulli),以行贿手段,将两个女儿送入南加州大学。这所学校毕业生的起薪是62000美元。


And while graduates of Yale have an average starting salary of $68,300 — twice as much as the $32,000 average salary for graduates from Mississippi Valley State University — attending an elite college isn’t just about hoping to make a few thousand dollars. There’s a prestige that comes with adding an elite school name to a resume. And it’s something that some of the world’s most influential people have in common.


而耶鲁大学的毕业生,平均起薪为68300美元,是密西西比河谷州立大学毕业生平均起薪32000美元的两倍。进入一所名校不仅在于有望多挣几千美元。在简历上填上一所精英学校的名字还带来声望。世上许多举足轻重的大人物基本都拥有名校光环

Does it even matter where you go to college? Here's what the data says. (via NBC News)


(via NBC News)


此外,据阿肯色大学助理教授Jonathan Wai去年发表的一篇论文,《福布斯》杂志全球最具权力人物年度排行榜上,超过50%的女性和超过80%的男性都在精英学校接受过教育。达沃斯世界经济论坛上,90%的专家学者上的是精英学校,同时,参加达沃斯经济年会40%的公司首席执行官们,也就读的是精英学校。在《福布斯》亿万富豪排行榜上,超过40%上的是精英学校。


不过,Jonathan Wai教授也指出,这些精英人士能进入名校是靠较高的入学考试成绩。


“I think it’s important to remember that where someone gets into school is in part a function of how well they scored on the SAT or ACT, assuming they are not admitted via legacy or athletic status where they have lower than typical test scores, and they did not cheat on the test. And studies have shown that the SAT and ACT predict success well after graduation,” Wai told NBC News.


“我认为重要的是要记住,当一个人进入一所学校,在某种程度上取决于他们在SAT或ACT考试中的成绩,假设他们不是通过“世袭录取”名校给校友子女的录取优待或体育特长录取(录取分数通常低于标准的录取分数),而且他们也没有在考试中作弊。而研究显示,SAT和ACT考试成绩在预测毕业后的成功方面是比较准的。

Does it even matter where you go to college? Here's what the data says. (via NBC News)


不过,华盛顿邮报的一篇文章曾指出,学生的大学经历对他们的影响,要用长远的眼光来看。


In most cases, as readers pointed out, students mostly make the college experience what it turns out to be in the long run of life. There are plenty of failures at Harvard just as there are plenty of successes at Shenandoah University.


大部分情况下,正如读者指出的,学生的大学经历,要在长期的生活中才能检验出它的效果。哈佛大学毕业生的失败案例和雪兰多大学的成功案例一样多。

When it does matter where you go to college (via The Washington Post)


而此前有美媒的报道则认为,什么大学接受教育并不重要。


(Via Time)


This month, high school seniors across America are receiving college decision letters of acceptance and rejection. Many of these students, and their parents, think that where they go to college will significantly affect their employment future.


这个月,全美高中毕业生都收到了大学录取或不录取的通知书。大部分学生和他们的家长认为,他们去哪所学校会严重影响到他们将来的就业。


They think wrong. Today, whether you go to college retains some importance in your employment options. But where you go to college is of almost no importance. Whether your degree, for example, is from UCLA or from less prestigious Sonoma State matters far less than your academic performance and the skills you can show employers.


但他们想错了。如今,你是否接受大学教育在你就业的选择上是存在一定的重要性。但你在哪所学校接受大学教育,几乎是不重要的。不管你的学位是加州大学洛杉矶分校授予的,还是不怎么知名的索诺马州立大学授予的,其重要性,远远不及你的学术表现,以及你能向雇主展示的技能来得重要。

It Doesn't Matter Where You Go to College (via Time)


(Via Time)


对大学选择的影响的研究,都集中在比较不同大学毕业生的收入。在1999年,经济学家Alan Krueger和Stacy Berg Dale发表了一份研究报告,比较了精英大学毕业生的收入和普通大学毕业生的收入。后者的研究对象是那些被精英学校录取,但却最终因为某些原因去了另外一所普通大学的毕业生。


The economists found that the earnings of the two groups 20 years after graduation differed little or not at all. A larger follow-up study, released in 2011 and covering 19,000 college graduates, reached a similar conclusion: whether you went to Penn or Penn State, Williams College or Miami University of Ohio, job outcomes were unaffected in terms of earnings.


经济学家们发现,20年后,这两个群体的收入相差无几,或根本没有差别。2011年一项大型研究,随访了19000名大学毕业生,得出了一个相似结论:无论你是进的宾夕法尼亚大学还是宾夕法尼亚州立大学,威廉姆斯学院还是迈阿密大学(俄亥俄),从收入来看,工作成果并不受影响。


Earnings are only part of the employment picture. Other measures, like job satisfaction and social value, are more difficult to quantify. In a thoughtful 2004 essay, the writer Gregg Easterbrook interviewed college officials throughout the country to assess these impacts. His conclusion: on a range of measures of job satisfaction, attendance at an elite college had little impact.


收入只是整个就业蓝图的一部分。其他的衡量指标,像工作满意度,社会价值,更难用量化的标准来衡量。在2004年的一篇文章中,作者Gregg Easterbrook采访了美国各地大学相关负责人来评估这些影响因素。他的结论是:在一系列工作满意度的标准中,是否就读精英大学几乎没有影响。

It Doesn't Matter Where You Go to College (via Time)


在Quora上,也有对这个问题的热烈讨论。



@Michael Staton

Good news!  Not at all.  Bad news: but yes, sort of.  Better news: your future is yours to forge and unleash, no matter where you go to college or even if you go to college. 

好消息是,一点没关系。坏消息是,是的,有那么点影响。稍好一点的消息是,你的未来由你决定,不管你去哪个大学,甚至不管你是否上过大学


@Mira Zaslove

Going to a top college can open some doors, but it won't keep them open. Similarly, not going to a top college can close some doors, but it won't keep them closed.

去一所顶级学校可以为你打开一些大门,但不能保证那些大门始终敞开。同样的,没有去顶级大学可能关上一些门,但不会让那些们永远紧闭。


@Karan Sharma

A long time back i had received a great piece of advice.

很久以前,我收到了一个很好的建议。


 " In a battle, its not the sharpness of the blade that matters but the skill of the fighter"

“在一场战役中,重要的不是刀剑有多锋利,而是战士的战斗力。”


@Haley Chen,

First of all, a big congrats! As a Golden Bear myself, Berkeley is a fantastic place to be that'll definitely open up a lot of opportunities for you.

首先,要祝贺你,作为加州大学伯克利分校橄榄球队金熊队的一员,伯克利真的是个很棒的学校,而且一定能为你带来很多机遇。


To answer your question, the short answer is what you choose to study matters more than where you went to school in terms of being able to find a job. For example, even though I go to Cal which should be on every Fortune 500 company's list, availability of job opportunities is not the same for everybody.

要回答你的问题,简单地说就是,在找工作方面,你选择的专业比你选择哪个学校更重要。比如,即使我就读的是加州伯克利,能排得上每一家世界500强公司招聘列表,工作机会对每个人来说也是不同的。



你觉得上名校有多重要?欢迎留言分享你的观点!


整合:Du Qiongfang

原文:NBC News, The Washington Post, Time, Quora

图/题图:NBC News, Time


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