格温妮丝·帕特洛晒娃被怼，父母不经同意就晒过你照片吗？
对很多父母来说，网上晒娃的萌照是艰辛的养娃过程中难得的乐趣之一。
不过最近，美国女星格温妮丝·帕特洛(Gwyneth Paltrow)在网上晒出一张自己与女儿艾坡(Apple)的同框照后，却引发了一场父母该不该不经孩子许可就随意晒娃的争论。
这张引发争议的晒娃照是这样的：
(Via Instagram)
尽管艾坡的脸被太阳镜遮了大半，可还是遭到了艾坡的抗议：
"Sharenting" - the act of parents sharing news and pictures of their kids online - is in the news after Gwyneth Paltrow posted a picture of her and her 14-year-old daughter Apple Martin skiing.
格温妮丝·帕特洛晒出一张和她14岁女儿艾坡·马丁的滑雪合照后，“晒娃”——父母在网上分享他们孩子的信息和照片的行为——成了新闻。
More than 150,000 people liked the picture, but Apple wasn't so impressed, writing (from her private Instagram account): "Mom we have discussed this. You may not post anything without my consent."
超过15万网友给照片点了赞，却没有打动艾坡。她在自己的Instagram账号上写道：“妈妈，我们已经讨论过这个了。你不可以在没有经过我同意的情况下晒我的任何东西。”
Paltrow replied: "You can't even see your face!"
帕特洛回复道：“你都看不到你的脸！”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
当父母的都能理解帕特洛的这个举动，谁不为自家的小可爱感到骄傲，想要晒一晒、求个赞呢？
因此，许多帕特洛的粉丝都站在妈妈这一边，认为作为母亲，她有权分享自己女儿的照片。不过，也有网友认为，孩子也有自己的隐私权。
生长于互联网时代的孩子，从小对互联网隐私保护的敏感度要比成人高得多。不过，很多社交媒体规定，用户注册必须达到一定的年龄。因此，一旦孩子可以在社交媒体上注册自己的账号，却发现自己的隐私和照片早已被父母铺天盖地地散播了出去的时候，有多么不爽。
BBC最近就采访到一位名叫Konrad Iturbe的西班牙软件开发员。现年19岁的Iturbe在14岁的时候才意识到他的父母一直在网上晒自己的照片。
Konrad Iturbe (via BBC)
"My mother had Instagram before I even had a phone - so I wasn't aware that photos of me had been published," he told the BBC.
“在我拥有自己的手机前，我母亲就有了Instagram账号——因此，我一直都不知道她在发布我的照片，”他告诉BBC。
"I really don't like photos of me online anyway - I don't even post photos of myself on my Instagram account - so when I followed my mother and saw them on her profile, I told her to 'take this down, I've not given you permission'."
“我真的不喜欢自己的照片被放到网上——我自己都不在Instagram账号上晒我的照片——因此当我关注了我母亲，在她的账号上发现我的照片时，我告诉她‘把它们撤下来，我没有同意过你晒我照片’。”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
他感觉他母亲的行为侵犯了他的隐私，而特别让他困扰的是，他母亲发了很多他小时候的照片。Iturbe并不想他小时候的照片被分享，身为软件开发人员，他非常担忧的是，运用面部识别算法，即便他长大了，人们也能通过他小时候的照片在网上追踪到他。
14岁的美国女孩Sonia Bokhari有着同样的烦恼。当她发现她母亲在脸书上晒她照片长达数年后，感到非常尴尬和深深的背叛。
"There, for anyone to see on her public Facebook account, were all of the embarrassing moments from my childhood: the letter I wrote to the tooth fairy when I was five years old, pictures of me crying when I was a toddler, and even vacation pictures of me when I was 12 and 13 that I had no knowledge of."
“在她那个人人都能看得到的脸书账号上，尽是我从小到大令人尴尬的时刻：我５岁时候写给牙齿仙女的信，我还在学步时候的大哭的照片，甚至我12，13岁时候度假的照片，我都不知道她什么时候拍下的。”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
当然，也有对父母的“晒娃”行为毫不介意的孩子。23岁的伦敦姑娘Charlotte Christy说，她的母亲从她13岁开始就在脸书上晒她的照片，不过，她个人认为这种行为再正常不过了。
Charlotte Christy (via BBC)
"I feel like we live in a society where everyone wants their photos to be really flattering - but if my mum posts an unflattering photo of me it doesn't really bother me."
“我觉得我们生活的这个社会，每个人都希望他们的照片出挑——不过，假如我妈妈晒了一张我的不怎么样的照片，那也不会对我造成困扰。”
"I think I share photos of my mum just as much as she shares photos of me - I think it's a natural thing to share and I don't see why she should ask for my permission - she's my mum."
“我晒我妈的照片，和我妈晒我的照片一样多——我觉得晒照片再自然不过了，我不认为她有必要征得我的许可——她是我妈妈。”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
那孩子们对父母“晒娃”行为的顾虑有没有必要呢？
爱沙尼亚塔尔图大学(University of Tartu)媒体研究领域的教授Andra Siibak就进行过多项关于“晒娃”行为的研究。
In one study involving Estonian children aged nine to 13, she found that children liked "parents sharing positive things about them", but that "there were big discrepancies between what children and parents considered to be nice photos".
在一项针对爱沙尼亚9到13岁孩子的研究中，她发现，孩子们喜欢“父母晒他们积极一面的照片”，不过，“什么样的照片算好看，孩子和父母存在巨大分歧”。
"Children were not in favour of parents sharing unflattering visuals of them - for example, if their hair was messed up or they were wearing a dress they didn't actually like."
“孩子们不喜欢父母分享他们不讨人喜欢的形象——比如，他们乱糟糟的头发，或者他们穿着自己并不喜欢的裙子的照片”。
"In many contexts the parents would not consider those things to be a big problem, but for the pre-teens this could affect their self-image" or potentially lead to cyber-bullying.
“很多情况下，父母并不认为那样的照片有什么大不了，但对9到13岁年龄段的孩子来说，这种照片可能影响他们的自我形象”，或者有招致网络暴力的潜在风险。
Another potential risk from "sharenting" is "digital kidnapping", Prof Siibak says, where strangers take publicly available photos of children, and use them for fraudulent or sexual purposes.
Siibak教授说，“晒娃”的另一个潜在风险是“数字绑架”。陌生人可以拿这些公开的孩子的照片进行欺诈或用于性目的。
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
想想也是，当父母在晒着宝宝们“出丑”的照片，或者萌萌的光屁股宝宝照的时候，有没有考虑过宝宝们的感受呢？成人眼中的“可爱”，或许对孩子来说是一种“伤害”，才丁点大的孩子也是有自我意识和自尊心的！
因此，Siibak教授建议父母“绝对”应当更严肃地对待孩子的隐私问题。
"Just having a simple discussion that involves children on what kind of photos they like, and if it's ok to upload them, helps build a better parent-child relationship."
“只要和孩子进行简单的讨论，了解他们喜欢什么样的照片，以及是否可以把他们的照片上传网络，就可以建立更好的亲子关系。”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
英国曾经有一份调查显示，英国父母每年在网上晒出他们5岁以下孩子的照片多达200张。而这些公开的照片塑造的孩子形象不见得是孩子们乐于示人的，也不见得真实地反映了孩子真正的自我。
A recent study by Nominet, which handles the UK's .uk domain name registry, found parents post nearly 200 photos of their under fives online every year.
处理英国的域名注册的Nominet公司，最近的一项调查发现，英国父母每年发布近200张5岁以下孩子的照片。
This means that a child will feature in about 1,000 online photos before their fifth birthday.
这就意味着，在孩子满5岁时，他们在网上的照片有大约1000张。
This new norm means many children will have a powerful digital identity created by someone else.
这个新常态意味着许多孩子拥有强大的数字身份，而这个身份是别人帮他们建立的。
This process can be likened to the manufacturing of celebrity identities, where parents can potentially shape the public persona of their child in any way they want: child genius, disobedient, fashionista, fussy eater and so on.
这个过程和制造名人人设的过程相类似，父母可以以任何他们想要的方式塑造他们孩子的公众形象：儿童天才，不听话的小调皮，时尚小达人，挑食小鬼等等。
How do you think your own mum or dad might shape your online identity? Do you think it would be an accurate portrayal of who you are?
你怎么看你父母给你塑造的这些网络形象呢？你认为他们准确地描绘了你真实的形象吗？
▲Social media: Think again before you post those pics of your kids (via abc.net.au)
因此在法国，政府早就开始在法律上限制父母的“晒娃”行为。
The French Government earlier this year warned parents to stop posting images of their children on social media networks.
法国政府今年早些时候警告父母，停止在社交媒体发布他们孩子的照片。
Under France's rigorous privacy laws, parents could face penalties of up to a year in prison and a fine of 45,000 euros if convicted of publicising intimate details of their children without their consent.
在法国严格的隐私法框架下，假如在未经孩子许可的情况下宣传孩子私密信息而被判刑，父母可能面临最高1年的刑期以及45000欧元的罚款。
▲Social media: Think again before you post those pics of your kids (via abc.net.au)
而在Quora上，就有人问过孩子是如何看待他们父母在脸书和Ins上晒他们照片的问题。很多人认为，对这种行为，仁者见仁，智者见智。
(Via Quora)
@Lipa Dempsey
My parents would always do this, without my knowledge until years later when I got my own Facebook account. Because of this I became very camera shy, and resistant to letting my parents take pictures of me. 我父母总是做这种事，我一直不知情，直到很多年后，我有了自己的脸书账号才知道。就因为这，我变得非常害怕照相，也抵触我父母给我照相。
However, I do have some friends who didn’t mind when their parents posted pictures of them on Facebook. Depends on the individual, but I never liked it.
不过，我确实有一些朋友不介意他们父母在脸书上晒他们的照片。这取决于个人，但我永远不喜欢这样。
@Kieran Wong
My parents sometimes share my photos online. They aren't the oversharing kind, though. I don't really mind, as long as they show me the photo first and get my approval.
我父母有时会在网上分享我的照片，但他们不是那种过分分享照片的父母。我不怎么介意，只要他们事先告知我会分享什么照片并经过我的同意。
As long as my parents respect my wishes about whether the photo should be posted online or not, and that they don't post too many photos, I don't really matter. If I look okay in the picture, sure! If not, don’t post it.
只要我父母尊重我的意愿，事先询问我是否可以上网分享我的照片，而且也不要分享太多，我真的不介意。如果我在照片上看起来不错，当然可以分享。如果不是，那就别分享。
Besides, when I see my parent’s social media accounts, I can see how much I've grown up and the things I did in the past, and other people’s comments as well.
另外，当我看到我父母的社交媒体账号时，我可以看到我长大了，以及我过去做过的事情，还有别人的评论。
你怎么看父母在社交媒体上的晒娃行为？ 欢迎留言分享你的观点！
整合：Du Qiongfang
资料：BBC, abc.net.au, Quora
图/题图：Instagram, BBC, Quora
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