中国女性买房人数激增 她们到底经历了什么？

我们和中国的年轻女性购房者聊了聊，她们买房的底气来自哪里？买房带来的安全感究竟有多大？为什么她们买了房，反而结不了婚？

越来越多独立女性自主买房。一家房产网站报告显示，去年47.9%房产交易的买家是女性，而在2014年，这一比例仅为30%。其中30岁以上女青年购房者逐年增加，2018年的比例达到47%。

那句被大家调侃的“丈母娘：‘无房免谈’！”是否成为了过去时？

When Zhou Zhenzhen (pseudonym), a 20-something white-collar worker in Beijing, broke up with her ex-boyfriend two years ago, she bought an 87-square-meter apartment in Beijing's Chaoyang district for around 5 million yuan ($744,524).  

当20多岁的周真真和前男友在两年前分手时，她痛下决心，在北京的朝阳区斥资500多万元，买了间87平方米的公寓。

"Owning a house gives me such a strong sense of security… it is even more reliable than having a boyfriend," Zhou, who graduated from a well-known UK university in 2014 and has been working at a financial institution for five years, told the Global Times on Monday.

“买房给我带来了莫大的安全感，房子比男人靠得住的多，” 周真真告诉Global Times。自从她在2014年从英国知名大学毕业后，已经在一家北京的金融机构工作了五年了。

"A man can easily disappoint you, but a house will never let you down. It will, at least, hedge against economic risks and preserve your fortune," Zhou said. 

“男人很容易让你失望，让你受伤害，但房子绝对不会。有一套房相当于有了一个投资的工具，至少能抵抗经济风险保值，”她说道。

Zhou remains single, but she said she is not afraid to begin or end a relationship, and she doesn't fear staying unmarried. 

虽然周真真现在依旧单身，但她表示，她并不害怕开始或者结束一段感情，甚至也不担心结不了婚。

"This is because I know that I don't need to count on a man for financial support to buy an apartment or afford living expenses. I'm financially independent and marriage is not a necessity," Zhou explained. 

“我不需要依靠男人来买房，也不需要他们承担我的生活开销。我现在经济独立，结婚对我来说不是一个必需品，”周真真解释道。

Across China, more white-collar women like Zhou are buying property before marriage, a departure from the Chinese convention in which the man provides an apartment after getting married. Observers said the trend mirrors the rising social and economic status of Chinese women who pursue independence and personal fulfillment. 

在中国，越来越多像周真真一样的年轻女性选择在结婚前买房，而在中国的传统观念中，买房结婚被视为是男人的义务。 业内人士认为，这一趋势反应了女性社会地位和经济地位的提高，尤其是那些追求独立与自我实现的女性。

Song Ding, a research fellow at the Shenzhen-based China Development Institute, told the Global Times on Monday that the soaring percentage of female homebuyers "is a normal and concomitant social phenomenon as China further opens up and its economy develops in a healthy way, which empowers modern Chinese women to upgrade their views on consumption and perceptions of wealth." 

“其实随着社会的开放和经济发展，中国现代女性财富观消费观也在升级，（女性购房者增加）这个现象很正常，也是客观规律，” 中国城市经济专家委员会副主任、综合开发研究院旅游与地产研究中心主任宋丁告诉Global Times。

Last year, about 47.9 percent of homebuyers were female, according to a report issued recently by Beike, a Chinese real estate platform. In 2014, women only accounted for 30 percent of homebuyers. The report also showed that about 47 percent of single women over the age of 30 have bought apartments. 

中国房地产网站贝壳找房网近期发布的报告显示，去年47.9%的房产交易买家是女性，而在2014年，这一比例仅为30%。其中30岁以上女青年购房者逐年增加，2018年的比例达到47%。

The results were based on 67,724 second-hand home transactions in 12 major cities including Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen on Beike's platform in 2018. 

这一报告结果来自对67724宗二手房产交易进行的分析，涵盖了北京、深圳、上海、杭州、南京、武汉、重庆、合肥、郑州、长沙、苏州、西安共12个一二线城市。

According to a report issued by Maitian in November, women accounted for 52 percent of the singles who bought apartments, while men only represented 48 percent. 

而根据麦田房产在去年11月发布的报告，购房的单身族中，女生占比52%，男生占比48%，单身女比单身男的购房比例还要多出4个百分点。

As such, women could potentially help shape the future of the real estate industry as more property developers have shifted to cater to their preferences, the industry insider said. According to a Beijing-based real estate broker surnamed Zheng, young women do not care much about the size of an apartment, but instead focus on interior design, whether the apartment has a cloakroom and good views, and proximity to transportation when making a decision.

分析人士指出，由于女性购房者的暴增，很多房产开发商已经开始改变策略，迎合女性的需求。一位姓郑的房产中介表示，女性不在乎房子的大小，相反，比较看重房子的内部装修，是不是带着衣帽间，景观好不好，还有是否交通便利。

买房的底气 – 女性收入提高

The 27-year-old, surnamed Li, bought the 115-square-meter apartment in 2015 with financial support from her parents for the down payment. She now pays 7,000 yuan a month for the mortgage, which is less than one third of her monthly income and "barely creates any financial burden," the young homeowner said. The average monthly salary of employees in Beijing is about 10,670 yuan, according to a report issued by online job website zhaopin.com. 

对于27岁的李女士来说，穿衣空间大也是她在2015年时，选择买下北京朝阳区115平方米公寓的首要原因。在父母的资助下，她付了首付，现在每个月还7000元的房贷，不到她月收入的三分之一，“没什么财务负担，”她说。 而根据智联招聘发布的报告，北京的平均月薪大概是10670元。

In 2019, about 24.7 percent of working women purchased their first homes independently, up 12 percent from 2018, according to a report jointly issued by 58ganji.com and Anjuke in March. 

在今年3月，58同城和安居客联合发布了一份报告，报告内容称在2019年，有24.7%的职场女性独立购买第一套房，相较于去年提升12%。

The rising economic strength of Chinese women like Li has laid the foundation for their decision to buy property. For decades, it was often regarded as a Chinese man's responsibility to buy a home when a couple gets married, as men used to earn more. "It was traditionally said that Chinese women, due to their lack of income, had to pin their hopes of living a good life on finding a wealthy husband," Song explained.

女性经济实力的提升也给她们买房的决定打下了基础。在过去几十年，由于男性更多的参与经济活动，赚钱能力强，提供婚房被视为是中国男性的责任。“以前中国女性收入很低或者没有收入，所以一个女人想要过的幸福，就只能靠嫁得好，”宋丁说。

But with the increasing female labor participation rate, the norm has changed—illustrated not only by female homebuyers like Li and Zhou but also the millions of well-educated Chinese women who have taken high-paid jobs typically held by men in sectors such as finance, securities and the internet.

但随着中国女性就业率的提高，这种现象已经在改变了——李女士和周真真的经济实力和买房经历在中国并不是个例，越来越多受过高等教育的中国女性正在进入像金融，证券，互联网等过去被男人垄断的高收入行业。

China now has one of the Asia-Pacific's highest labor force participation rates for women. As of the end of 2017, women accounted for 43.5 percent of China's total workforce, according to data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Meanwhile, urban female workers reached 65.45 million in 2017, up 16.84 million from 2010. 

中国的女性劳动参与率在亚太地区名列前茅。统计局发表的数据显示，截止2017年底，全国女性就业人员占全社会就业人员的比重为43.5%。城镇单位女性就业人员6545万人，比2010年增加1684万人。

为什么买房？给将来做好准备

对于经济独立的现代女性来说，买房不仅仅是让自己有一个居住的场所。

For financially independent young women like Zhou and Li, buying a home is more than having a place to live. 

李女士对Global Times表示，她认为自己在投资买房上做了个明智的决定。

"I have made a smart decision with my money…. As long as I live a quality life, I could dedicate myself to developing my career. It is also a fixed-asset investment tool to expand my wealth," Li told the Global Times on Tuesday. In China, property represents 78 percent of a family's wealth, according to China Newsweek's report in April.  

“只有先安居，才能乐业。而且买房也是固定资产投资的工具，能够升值，跑赢通胀。”媒体的相关报道显示，中国家庭财产的78%都来源于房产地。

The value of Li's apartment has doubled so far, pushing her wealth above 10 million yuan now, while data from the NBS showed that China has had an inflation rate of about 7 percent in the past four years. 

如今，李女士的房产市值已经翻了一倍，让这个90后的年轻女性身家过了千万。而中国统计局的数据显示，过去4年中国的通胀率都在7%以上。

Li, who now has a boyfriend and plans to get married in the next few years, also equates home ownership with a sense of security. "I'm preparing for future risks associated with marriage. What if I quarrel with my husband after getting married? At least I could walk out of his home, tell him that I cannot stay with him anymore and return to my own apartment," Li explained.

李女士现在已经有了男朋友，并计划在未来几年结婚。她认为拥有一套房产给她带来了安全感，能够为未来婚姻可能出现的危机做好准备。“如果我以后和老公吵架了，我至少能够转身走人，告诉她我才不稀罕住他的房子，回到自己的小窝。”

Home ownership can also prepare unmarried women for worst-case scenarios, analysts pointed out. 

专家指出，女性购房也能为最坏的情况做好准备。

In 2011, China issued a judicial guidance that stipulated that real estate should not be divided between spouses after divorce and should remain the property of the person whose name is on the deed. Some believed the regulation gave an advantage to men, because in Chinese convention, men provide a house for marriage while women pay for the cost of decoration, electric appliances and furniture. 

在2011年，中国出台了关于适用《婚姻法》若干问题的解释(三)，规定夫妻双方如果离婚，婚前房产的住房产权属于登记方婚前个人财产，属于他/她一人所有，和另一方无关。有人认为，此条款对于婚姻关系中的男性比较有利，因为按照中国传统习俗，男人提供婚房，而女人提供装修费用，电器及家具等。

结婚率创新低 女性买房的锅？

However, the growing number of female homebuyers who are independent and career-oriented also comes against the backdrop of a dwindling marriage rate, which has been declining for five years in a row. 

然而，随着越来越多独立女性自主买房，中国的结婚率也在不断下降。

In 2018, the marriage rate hit a five-year low of 7.2 per 1,000 people, down from 9.9 per 1,000 in 2013, according to data from the NBS and the Ministry of Civil Affairs. 

根据国家统计局和民政部的数据，2018年全国结婚率为7.2‰，为2013年以来的最低。

Li Jing, 29, a Beijing employee at a prestigious foreign firm, at first thought that having an apartment would make her more appealing to potential marriage partners in the dating market when she bought a flat last year in Beijing's Haidian district. 

But Li found that was not the case. 

今年29岁的李静在北京著名的外企工作。2018年，李静在北京的海淀区买了房。刚开始，她以为有房能让自己在相亲市场上更具吸引力，然而事实并不是如此。

"Some men said that they feel pressured when dating a woman who owns her own property. They worried that they couldn't live up to my expectations and preferred someone who would listen to their opinion and is easier to control," Li Jing told the Global Times on Monday. 

“有的相亲对象说，和有房的女性约会他们会觉得有压力，因为（他们觉得）这些女性可能会更挑剔，要求更多，让他们达不到标准。他们想要找听他们话的，容易控制的女性，”李静对Global Times表示。

But Li did not regret her decision. "I'm not in a rush to marry someone and prefer to wait until my soul mate shows up," she said. And whenever she's anxious, knowing she owns her own home soothes her nerves. 

但李静并不后悔买房。“我现在也不着急嫁人，我要等我的灵魂伴侣出现。”买房也在一定程度上缓解了李静对婚姻和职场的焦虑。

The attitude of young Chinese women toward marriage is also changing, with more choosing to marry later or forego a family altogether.

中国年轻女性对婚姻的态度和寻找配偶的价值观也在发生改变，她们中的越来越多人选择晚婚，甚至不结婚。

On China's Twitter-like Weibo, posts declaring, "I'd rather live a high-quality single life than a low-quality married life" have become popular among young women. 

在微博上，“宁愿高质量的单身生活，也不要低质量的婚姻”的帖子在年轻女性当中十分流行。

Song, the analyst, predicted that as women's wealth and confidence continue to rise, more and more women will buy property and build personal wealth while delaying their plans for marriage in order to find the "right person." 

分析师宋丁认为，随着中国女性财富的增加和自信心的提升，越来越多的女性会通过买房来积累财富。另一方面，她们会推迟结婚的计划，来寻找那个“对的人”。

"This is a normal phenomenon and society should consider it rationally," he noted.

“其实这很正常，大家要抱着理性的心态看待，”他说。

你支持女性买房吗？

原文/翻译：Li Xuanmin 

图：网络

整合: 小亮亮

其他精彩，请戳图片阅读：