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韦氏词典新增640个单词,看看有哪些in词入选~

Du Qiongfang 环球时报GlobalTimes 2019-05-05

美国著名的《韦氏词典》新收录640个单词或释义,其中不少为英语网络流行用语。

(Via merriam-webster.com)


来看看有哪些新词入选?

Merriam-Webster's dictionary made 640 additions to its ever-expanding collection this April, including the widely-used phrases buzzy and EGOT.  EGOT, an acronym for the Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony Awards, refers to someone who has nabbed all four honors, while buzzy is defined as speculative or excited talk or attention. 


4月,韦氏词典在它不断壮大的词库中又添加了640个新词,包括广泛使用的短语buzzy和EGOT。EGOT是艾美奖、格莱美奖、奥斯卡奖、托尼奖的首字母缩写,指囊括了所有这4个奖项的人,而buzzy是指引起话题或关注。


Quite a few of the words are so commonly used in pop culture, it seems surprising they haven't been added to the dictionary yet. 


不少新增词汇中在流行文化中已经非常常用,令人惊讶的是它们此前却未被收录到词典中。


Also added to the lexicon: The millennial favorites stan, a very devoted fan; peak, now also defined as being at the height of popularity, use, or attention; and on-brand, to be consistent with an image or identity.


新收录到词库中的词还包括:千禧一代喜欢用的stan, 铁杆粉丝;peak,现在是指处于流行巅峰、使用频度高,或高度关注;on-brand,是指与形象或身份一致。

640 new words added to Merriam-Webster dictionary (via CBS News)


(Via AP)

In this Nov. 16, 2012, file photo, Egyptian body builder Moustafa Ismail lifts free weights during his daily workout in Milford, Mass. On Monday, April 22, 2019, Merriam-Webster added the definition of swole to its online dictionary, with the meaning “extremely muscular: having a physique enhanced by bodybuilding exercises.” 


在这张2012年11月16日的档案照片中,埃及健美运动员Moustafa Ismail在美国马萨诸塞州的米尔福德进行日常健身时举起哑铃。2019年4月22日,周一,韦氏词典将swole的定义加入到其在线词典中,意思是“肌肉特别发达:通过健美运动增强体质。”

Merriam-Webster dictionary’s new words include swole, buzzy and EGOT (via AP)


还有一些最新被收录词典的词并非新词,而是被赋予了新的用法的旧词。

Snowflake, for example was once only thought of when snow days were on the horizon, but has evolved to mean both "someone regarded or treated as unique or special" and "someone who is overly sensitive." Purple, long taught in art class as the mix of red and blue, can now also signify geographical areas where voters are split between Democrats and Republicans.


例如snowflake,过去当下雪天要来临时才想到的一个词,已经演变为“某人被视为独特或被特殊对待”以及“过分敏感的人。”Purple,长久以来美术课上教的是,紫色指红色和蓝色的混合,而现在也表示民主党人和共和党人选民分裂的地理区域。

640 new words added to Merriam-Webster dictionary (via CBS News)


新发现和新理论的不断涌现,使得科学和医学领域的新词层出不穷。

Other added terms expand society's changing definitions of gender, with gender non-conforming, or someone who exhibits "behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits that do not correspond with the traits typically associated with one's sex," making the list.


随着社会对性别定义的不断变化,其他增加的词条包括gender non-conforming,指某人的行为、文化的或心理的特征,表现得与通常这个人的性别相关的特征不相符。


Scientific terms also got a bump, with words like Bioabsorbable and Qubit added as well.


科学术语方面的新增词条也很突出,像生物可吸收和量子比特这样的词也被收录其中。

640 new words added to Merriam-Webster dictionary (via CBS News)


(Via AP)


不过,决定哪些词可以入选可不是一件简单的工作。

Deciding what gets included is a painstaking process involving the Springfield, Massachusetts-based company’s roughly two dozen lexicographers, said Peter Sokolowski, Merriam-Webster’s editor at large.


韦氏词典资深编辑Peter Sokolowski说,决定收录哪些词是一项艰苦的工作,过程涉及到公司内大约24位词典编纂者,该公司总部设在马萨诸塞州的斯普林菲尔德。


They scan online versions of newspapers, magazines, academic journals, books and even movie and television scripts until they detect what he calls “a critical mass” of usage that warrants inclusion.


他们需要浏览线上版本的报纸、杂志、学术期刊、书籍,甚至电影和电视的剧本,保证所选的词在使用频度上有个最低限度。


The words are added to the online dictionary first, before some are later added to print updates of the company’s popular Collegiate Dictionary, which according to company spokeswoman Meghan Lunghi, has sold more than 50 million copies since 1898, making it the “best-selling hardcover book after the Bible.”

 

这些词先被加入在线词典,随后,一些会被加入到公司非常受欢迎的《韦氏大学英语词典》更新的印刷版本中。据该公司发言人Meghan Lunghi称,自从1898年以来,他们已经卖出了超过5000万本该词典,使之成为继《圣经》后第二畅销的精装版书籍。

Merriam-Webster dictionary’s new words include swole, buzzy and EGOT (via AP)


(Via CNN)


Sokolowski告诉美联社,在互联网时代,有时候很难确定人们所面对的大量信息是否准确,因此词典的作用尤为重要。

“We need the dictionary more than ever now that we have information flying at us from all directions,” he said.

 

“面对各种扑面而来的信息,我们比以往更需要词典,”他说。

Merriam-Webster dictionary’s new words include swole, buzzy and EGOT (via AP)



你觉得最新收录的哪些新词非常有趣?欢迎留言并分享你的观点!


整合:Du Qiongfang

来源:CBS News,AP

图/题图:AP,CNN,merriam-webster.com


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