2018普利策颁奖，哪些作品荣获新闻界的诺贝尔奖？
美国东部时间5月30日，2018年第102届普利策午餐会暨颁奖典礼在哥伦比亚大学洛氏图书馆（Columbia University's Low Library）举行。午餐仪式由普利策评选委员会会长黛娜·坎纳迪（Dana Canedy）和哥伦比亚大学校长李·C·布林格（Lee C. Bollinger）主持。
普利策奖也称为普利策新闻奖。 1917年根据美国报业巨头约瑟夫·普利策（Joseph Pulitzer）的遗愿设立，二十世纪七八十年代已经发展成为美国新闻界的一项最高荣誉奖。现在，不断完善的评选制度已使普利策奖成为全球性的一个奖项，被称为“新闻界的诺贝尔奖”。
一个世纪以来，普利策奖一直是新闻业的标杆，与美国社会一同经历了战争硝烟、政治丑闻和错综复杂的社会问题。从最初的新闻奖，普利策奖现在还设立了包括文学、艺术在内的综合奖项，其影响力历久不衰。
普利策奖包括十四项新闻类奖项和七项创作类奖项组成，新闻类奖项的获奖者不限国籍，但必须在美国媒体中发表过作品。而创作类的奖项则必须是美国公民。唯一的例外是历史写作奖，如果作者身为外籍人士，但写作的作品涉及美国史，仍有机会获得这一奖项。
本届普利策奖共收到2996件评选作品，其中新闻类奖项共收到1217份作品，获奖者来自13个不同的新闻媒体机构，有7人为自由撰稿人。在今年艺术类奖项的评选中，评委们共审阅了1531本书籍，186件音乐作品和62部戏剧。
今年，究竟哪些作品摘得传媒界的最高荣誉？
新闻类
JOURNALISM
公共服务奖 Public Service
获奖者：《纽约时报》记者Jodi Kantor、Megan Twohey、《纽约客》记者Ronan Farrow
这一系列强有力的报道，揭露了那些有权势、金钱的性侵犯者，其中包括好莱坞最具影响力的制片人之一，让他们面对被长期压制的、针对强权、暴行和噤声受害者的指控，进而激起了全球范围内对女性性虐待者的清算。
For explosive, impactful journalism that exposed powerful and wealthy sexual predators, including allegations against one of Hollywood’s most influential producers, bringing them to account for long-suppressed allegations of coercion, brutality and victim silencing, thus spurring a worldwide reckoning about sexual abuse of women.
突发新闻奖 Breaking News Reporting
获奖者：美国加利福利亚州圣塔罗萨《民主报》
他们清晰且顽强地报道了去年加州史上最严重的山火，波及圣塔罗萨镇和索诺马县。他们专业运用了包括摄影、视频和社交媒体平台在内的一系列工具，向读者清晰地呈现实时新闻和后续的深度报道。
For lucid and tenacious coverage of historic wildfires that ravaged the city of Santa Rosa and Sonoma County, expertly utilizing an array of tools, including photography, video and social media platforms, to bring clarity to its readers — in real time and in subsequent in-depth reporting.
调查性报道奖 Investigative Reporting
获奖者：《华盛顿邮报》
他们坚决且不间断的报道改变了美国阿拉巴马州参议员选举的进程。他们曝光了一名参议员候选人过去曾对未成年少女进行性骚扰，并在之后企图诋毁揭露该事件的新闻媒体。
For purposeful and relentless reporting that changed the course of a Senate race in Alabama by revealing a candidate’s alleged past sexual harassment of teenage girls and subsequent efforts to undermine the journalism that exposed it.
释义性新闻奖 Explanatory Reporting
获奖者：《亚利桑那共和报》、《今日美国》
他们巧妙结合了文字、影像、播客和VR，从多角度生动且及时地审视了为实现美国总统特朗普在美国与墨西哥边境修建隔离墙的决策，美国需面临的困难和始料未及的后果。
For vivid and timely reporting that masterfully combined text, video, podcasts and virtual reality to examine, from multiple perspectives, the difficulties and unintended consequences of fulfilling President Trump's pledge to construct a wall along the U.S. border with Mexico.
地方报道奖 Local Reporting
获奖者：《辛辛那提探询者报》
通过引人入胜的叙述与影像，记录了海洛因泛滥的美国辛辛那提市平凡却又不寻常的一周，深刻揭露了这种致命毒瘾是如何一步步破坏家庭与社区。
For a riveting and insightful narrative and video documenting seven days of greater Cincinnati's heroin epidemic, revealing how the deadly addiction has ravaged families and communities.
美国国内报道奖 National Reporting
获奖者：《纽约时报》、《华盛顿邮报》
他们的持续报道深刻且有来源可寻，同时极大地加深了人们对2016年俄罗斯或干预美国大选一事的理解，揭示其与特朗普的竞选团队、过渡团队及最终政府之间的联系。
For deeply sourced, relentlessly reported coverage in the public interest that dramatically furthered the nation’s understanding of Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election and its connections to the Trump campaign, the President-elect’s transition team and his eventual administration.
国际报道奖 International Reporting
获奖者：《路透社》记者Clare Baldwin、Andrew R.C. Marshall、Manuel Mogato
他们的持续报道披露了菲律宾总统罗德里格·杜特尔特禁毒战背后残忍的针对毒贩的追杀计划。
For relentless reporting that exposed the brutal killing campaign behind Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte’s war on drugs.
特稿写作奖 Feature Writing
获奖者：自由撰稿人Rachel Kaadzi Ghansah
发表于《GQ》杂志
这是一个让人无法忘记的、独特的、强有力的关于美国查尔斯顿教堂枪击案凶手Dylann Roof的故事，结合了新闻报道、第一人称视角和对枪击案背后历史与文化牵绊的分析。
For an unforgettable portrait of murderer Dylann Roof, using a unique and powerful mix of reportage, first-person reflection and analysis of the historical and cultural forces behind his killing of nine people inside Emanuel AME Church in Charleston, S.C.
评论奖 Commentary
获奖者：美国阿拉巴马媒体集团专栏作家John Archibald
他的一系列富有感情与勇气的评论根植于阿拉巴马，但同时他所谈论的审查政客腐败、捍卫女性权益、批判虚假伪善也引起了全美国的共鸣。
For lyrical and courageous commentary that is rooted in Alabama but has a national resonance in scrutinizing corrupt politicians, championing the rights of women and calling out hypocrisy.
批评奖 Criticism
获奖者：《纽约杂志》艺术批评家Jerry Saltz
他的一系列充满活力的评述，从个人、政治、纯粹与世俗等多角度，表现了美国对视觉艺术精明、大胆的赏析。
For a robust body of work that conveyed a canny and often daring perspective on visual art in America, encompassing the personal, the political, the pure and the profane.
社论写作奖 Editorial Writing
获奖者：《德梅因纪事报》社论作者 Andie Dominick
她字字珠玑，没有陈词滥调，也没有多愁善感，她审视了美国医疗补助计划私有化对贫困的爱荷华州居民所带去的沉重打击。
For examining in a clear, indignant voice, free of cliché or sentimentality, the damaging consequences for poor Iowa residents of privatizing the state s administration of Medicaid.
漫画创作奖 Editorial Cartooning
获奖者：《纽约时报》自由撰稿人Jake Halpern、自由漫画家Michael Sloan
For an emotionally powerful series, told in graphic narrative form, that chronicled the daily struggles of a real-life family of refugees and its fear of deportation.
突发新闻摄影奖 Breaking News Photography
获奖者：美国弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔市《进步日报》摄影记者Ryan Kelly
这张令人震惊的照片体现出拍摄者捕捉画面的专注与精准，记录下在夏洛茨维尔市的一场种族抗议活动上，一辆汽车冲入示威人群的瞬间。
For a chilling image that reflected the photographer’s reflexes and concentration in capturing the moment of impact of a car attack during a racially charged protest in Charlottesville, Va.
特写摄影奖 Feature Photography
滑动查看下一张
获奖者：《路透社》
这组令人震撼的照片向世界揭示了在逃离缅甸途中罗兴亚难民所面对的惨痛与暴力。
For shocking photographs that exposed the world to the violence Rohingya refugees faced in fleeing Myanmar.
艺术，戏剧与音乐类
LETTERS, DRAMA & MUSIc
小说奖 Fiction
获奖作品：《Less》作者：Andrew Sean Greer
这是一本温情之作。该书拥有乐律般的文字，结构宏放、范围宽广，述说了年岁的增长与爱的本质。
A generous book, musical in its prose and expansive in its structure and range, about growing older and the essential nature of love.
戏剧奖 Drama
获奖作品：《Cost of Living》编剧：Martyna Majok
这是一部朴实之作，通过展现两对看似矛盾的个体：前卡车司机和他最近瘫痪了的前妻，年轻傲慢的脑瘫患者和他的新看护，来带领观众探讨关于特殊化和人际关系的多重观点。
An honest, original work that invites audiences to examine diverse perceptions of privilege and human connection through two pairs of mismatched individuals: a former trucker and his recently paralyzed ex-wife, and an arrogant young man with cerebral palsy and his new caregiver.
历史奖 History
获奖作品：《海湾：一片美国海的诞生》（The Gulf: The Making of an American Sea）
作者：Jack E. Davis
该书介绍了墨西哥湾的重要环境史，详细聚焦地球第10大水体——墨西哥湾，同时也是地球上最多样、最富饶的海洋生态系统之一。
An important environmental history of the Gulf of Mexico that brings crucial attention to Earth’s 10th-largest body of water, one of the planet’s most diverse and productive marine ecosystems.
传记文学奖 Biography
获奖作品：《草原之火：罗兰·英格斯·怀德的美国梦》（Prairie Fires: The American Dreams of Laura Ingalls Wilder）
作者：Caroline Fraser
该书深入浅出地描绘了《草原上的小木屋》系列作者罗兰·英格斯·怀德的个人生平，描述了怀德如何通过自己的努力扭转她贫困、失败的家庭，成就一段自强、温情、坚毅的传奇故事。
A deeply researched and elegantly written portrait of Laura Ingalls Wilder, author of the Little House on the Prairie series, that describes how Wilder transformed her family’s story of poverty, failure and struggle into an uplifting tale of self-reliance, familial love and perseverance.
诗歌奖 Poetry
获奖作品：《半缕微光：1965-2016年诗选》（Half-light: Collected Poems 1965-2016）
作者：Frank Bidart
作者有着不屈不挠的宏愿和令人惊叹的开阔视野，将长篇戏剧诗与短篇抒情诗结合在一起，以古典神话为基础，重塑了迥异于社会常规范式的诗歌形式。
A volume of unyielding ambition and remarkable scope that mixes long dramatic poems with short elliptical lyrics, building on classical mythology and reinventing forms of desires that defy societal norms.
非虚构写作奖 General Nonfiction
获奖作品：《Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America》
作者：James Forman Jr.
作者基于对法律体系的丰富经验和深刻了解，追溯了美国当代刑事司法的历史渊源，考察其对于公民和有色人种社区的频繁破坏性后果。
An examination of the historical roots of contemporary criminal justice in the U.S., based on vast experience and deep knowledge of the legal system, and its often-devastating consequences for citizens and communities of color.
音乐奖 Music
获奖专辑：《DAMN.》
歌手：肯德里克·拉马尔（Kendrick Lamar ）
该专辑发布于2017年4月14日，它从现实取材，结合了真实性与律动感，为了解现代非裔美国人的复杂生活提供了动人的片段。
Recording released on April 14, 2017, a virtuosic song collection unified by its vernacular authenticity and rhythmic dynamism that offers affecting vignettes capturing the complexity of modern African-American life.
颁奖典礼上，哥大校长李·布林格亲自为获奖者颁奖，并发表简短致辞。
在每年的年度事件中，普利策奖的颁奖典礼都是意义非凡。一是因为当下世界不再以获奖为目标，再者，普利策奖不但总结了过去一年我们生活中发生过的事，还标志着新闻界和艺术界的不断创新，这些非凡之作记录下我们的生活，也正因如此普利策奖得到了专业人士和公众的广泛关注。普利策奖为何能有今天这般崇高地位，这似乎仍是一个谜，但我们知道，只有在评选过程中始终秉承公正，普利策奖才能继续保有它的荣光。作为普利策奖评选委员会委员和哥大这所顶尖学府的校长，我能够证明，在如黛娜·坎纳迪一样优秀的普利策评选委员会会长的帮助下，才华横溢的普利策人尽心尽职，呈现人类所能做到的最好，这是我在其他任何地方都未曾见过的。
In any given year, the awarding of the Pulitzer Prizes is a singular moment in the annual cycle of noted and noteworthy events. The Prizes stand out in a world not wanting for awards and prizes, capturing the attention of professionals and the broader public because they somehow seem both to sum up what has just happened in our lives while marking the extraordinary creativity in journalism and the arts that have so illuminated these happenings. How prizes achieve this status is something of a mystery, but we know that they can only continue to have it if there is a deep integrity to the process of selection over time, and, I am always happy to testify as a Board member, as well as the President of this great University, that I’ve never been part of anything that has more dedication from more talented people committed to doing the best job humanly possible than is the case with the Pulitzer Prizes, helped in this regard by great Administrators like Dana Canedy.
一直以来，普利策奖的重要价值无可比拟，但我认为今年的普利策奖足以在它世纪之久的历史上写下浓墨重彩的一笔。这不仅是因为普利策奖踏入了更为宽广的领域，吸引了更多杰出人才——就像我们如今涉足音乐界一样——还是因为我们所处的时代亟需更多对于权力滥用的解读与挑战。站在政治前沿，我认为我们的国家正面临着严峻的挑战。一个世纪以前普利策奖刚刚设立，在那时，我们的基本价值观和社会制度奠定了民主的基础；到了现在，普利策奖站在了与我们社会中迭出的独裁斗争的前线。我曾很多次提到，普利策奖创立于1919年，而几乎同时，美国最高法院开始修订宪法，让我们今天所拥有的言论自由、新闻自由的权利受到宪法的保护。同样，普利策奖的设立也是对当时全美范围内日益高涨的监管和审查制度的反击。毫无疑问，我们是幸运的，因为在自治和法治的框架下，自由的堡垒和寻求真理、保护真相的基本价值观已经生根发芽，并蓬勃发展着。在我看来，这已经成功了。
So, the Pulitzers are always uniquely important, but I believe this year will stand out in the now century-long history of the Prizes as among the most important. This is not only because of the new and wider reach of the Prizes into realms where creative genius resides, such as we do today with music, but also because we are living in an era that demands of us a new understanding of and confrontation with the abuses of power. On the political front, I think it is clear that the nation is facing the most serious internal attacks on the fundamental values and institutional structures that define a democracy since the Pulitzers were introduced a century ago — then precisely to counteract problematic authoritarian tendencies throughout the society. As I have noted on many occasions, the inauguration of the Prizes was nearly simultaneous to the beginnings of the Supreme Court cases in 1919 that formed the basis of the modern notions we have now about the constitutional rights of freedom of speech and press. This, too, was prompted by the alarm over the rising tide of intolerance and censorship that was floating across the country. We are, indeed, fortunate that these, and other, bulwarks of freedom and respect for basic values of truth-seeking — and truth protection — in a framework of self-government and a Rule of Law — took root, prospered, and, I think, on the whole, succeeded.
现在，我相信我们能够捍卫我们宝贵的民主，正如在今天这个午后我们聚集在这里，带着明确的方向和甘愿奉献的决心，因为民主定义了美国这个国家最辉煌的时刻，也激励着世界上拥有同样理想的人们。
So much so that I personally feel confident we can now, with clear
focus and deep dedication, such as we are recognizing here this
afternoon, preserve the character of genuine democracy that has defined
the nation in its best moments and inspired so many around the world.
内容来源于哥大全球中心、百度词条
编辑整理：李钰
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