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经济学人精读 | 玩火?疫情之下,美国的暴乱局势(含讲解音频)

稀饭爱漂流 青木城 2022-07-10


阅读指南:文章框架





Part

1



引 言


All citizens share a responsibility for the fate of their country.

国家兴亡,匹夫有责





Part

2



背景知识




Racism /'reɪsɪz(ə)m/ 种族主义

Racism /'reɪsɪz(ə)m/ 种族主义




Racism: Racism is a product of the complex interaction in a given society of a race-based worldview with prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination.
种族主义是基于种族的世界观与偏见、成见和歧视在特定社会中复杂的相互作用下的产物。
racial injustice 种族不平等;racial discrimination; racism种族歧视
Wikihow 里面有一篇文章:
How to explain racism to children?  如何向孩子解释?
1)-“Mommy, why is that lady brown?”妈妈,为什么那位女士是棕色的?
- Explain that people have many different skin colors. It’s what makes the world diverse and interesting.解释人们有许多不同的肤色,这就是让世界多样化和有趣的原因。
2)talk about fairness to help kids understand racism. 谈论公平来帮助孩子们理解。
3)…


Democrat  adj. 美国民主党的;n,民主主义者



Demo=people(人民)+crat
The two major contemporary political parties in the United States.


Republican adj. 共和国的, 共和政体的






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书籍:《杀死一只知更鸟》,《汤姆叔叔的小屋》,《无声告白》
电影《绿皮书》,《激辩风云》,《光荣之路》,《为奴十二年》
演讲:《我有一个梦想》马丁路德金




Part

3




文章解析 1



The fire this timeWill protesters in American cities bring progress1, or set back2 the cause3 they champion4?

美国城市的抗议者会带来进步,还是会阻碍他们所拥护的事业?

1,bring progress 带来进步2,set back  推迟;使…受挫折;把…往回拨- The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.天气恶劣,建筑计划延误了几个星期。3,cause n. 原因;事业;目标  vt. 引起;使遭受-He was seen as a traitor to the socialist cause. 他被视为社会主义事业的叛徒。-A cause is an aim or principle which a group of people supports or is fighting for. 奋斗目标; 事业4,champion  n. 冠军;拥护者;  vt. 支持;拥护Olympic champion 奥运会冠军;



Part

4




文章解析 2


One hundred thousand Americans are dead from1 a virus. A feat2 of space flight demonstrates American ingenuity3. In cities across the country, protests sparked4 by racial injustice5 are showing an ugly side of America to the world. In November voters must choose between a Republican running on a law-and-order6 platform, and an uninspiring7 vice-president running for the Democrats8. The year is 1968. It is also 2020.

10万美国人死于病毒。太空飞行的壮举展示了美国人的聪明才智。在全国各地的城市,由种族不平等引发的抗议活动,向世界展示了美国丑陋的一面。11月,选民必须在共和党人竞选法律或民主党人,和一个毫无吸引力的副总统竞选民主党人之间做出选择。现在是1968年。也是2020年。


1,are dead from 死于…;
- At least 220 people are known dead from an earthquake that hit the island last Sunday. 至少有220人在上周日的地震中丧生。
2,feat  n. 技艺表演;功绩,壮举adj. 合适的;灵巧的
magnificent feat 壮举。(在之前推送的SpaceX 的文章里面有相似的表达)
- Mastering an instrument is no easy feat. 精通一种乐器并非易事。
3,ingenuity n. 足智多谋, 心灵手巧
- We were amazed at the ingenuity with which they solved their difficulties.
他们在解决困难中所表现的智慧使我们惊叹
-This movie is of great ingenuity. 这部影片很有独创性。
-Ingenuity and hard work pays off at last. 足智多谋与勤奋工作最后终于有回报。
4,spark n. 火花; vt. 发动;鼓舞;求婚 vi. 发火花;闪烁;求婚
sparked by 由···引起/发;
-In 2007 British scientists measured the brain and heart activity sparked by passionate kissing. 2007年英国科学家测量了由激情相吻引发的心脑活动.
5,racial injustice 种族不平等; racial discrimination; racism种族歧视
-She spoke against racial injustice. 她公开反对种族不平等。
-I've spent a lifetime fighting against racism and prejudice.
我花了毕生的时间与种族歧视和偏见作斗争。
6,law-and-order 法律和秩序
- The police are guardians of law and order. 警察是法律和秩序的护卫者。
7,uninspiring  adj,引不起兴趣的; 无鼓舞作用的; 无指望的
反义词:[n.] inspiring  adj, 鼓舞人心的
Un-  pref. 用于形容词之前,表示“不”;加于动词前,表“做出相反的动作”; 
常常是一个否定的词头。
Unable  adj, 不会的,不能的,无能力的
Unacceptable  adj,不可接受的
Unaccompanied  adj,孤身的
Unaccomplished  adj.未完成的
Uncompromisable  adj. 不可妥协的,不可互让解决的
Unalterable  adj,不能改变的, 不变的
Unfashionable  adj,过时的
- The view from the window was uninspiring.  窗外的景色平凡无奇。
8,Democrat  adj. 美国民主党的  Republican adj. 共和国的, 共和政体的
- What made you decide to become a Republican, as opposed to a Democrat?   
是什么使你决定成为共和党人,而不是民主党人呢?
- The state has swung from Republican to Democrat.  
这个州原先支持共和党,现在倒向了民主党。




Part

5




文章解析 3



In 1968 the virus was flu and the space mission Apollo 8. But the injustice had the same corrosive1 effect. As James Baldwin wrote in the early 1960s, racism compromises2, where it does not corrupt, all the American efforts to build a better world—here, there or anywhere.” Today more than 350 cities nationwide erupted3 after George Floyd, an unarmed African-American man, was killed by a white police officer (see Obituary4). For nearly nine agonising5 minutes, deaf to6 Mr Floyd’s pleas and the growing alarm of the crowd, the officer choked the life out of him7.

1968年病毒是流感航天任务是阿波罗8号。但这种不公正也有同样的腐蚀作用。正如詹姆斯·鲍德温(James Baldwin)在20世纪60年代初所写的那样,种族主义“在不腐败的地方妥协,让美国人在这里,那里以及任何地方努力建设一个更美好的世界”。今天,手无寸铁的非洲裔美国人乔治·弗洛伊德被一名白人警察杀害(见讣告),全美350多个城市爆发骚乱。在痛苦的近9分钟里,警察对弗洛伊德的请求和人群日益增长的警告劝诫充耳不闻,掐死了弗洛伊德。

1,corrosive adj. 腐蚀性的;(对社会、个人情感等)有害的, 逐步起损害作用的- Unemployment is having a corrosive effect on our economy.失业对我国的经济起着破坏作用。2,racism  n. 种族主义,种族歧视;人种偏见- Racism exists at all levels of society.  种族主义存在于社会各阶层。Compromise v. 妥协,折中;违背(原则),达不到(标准)-Neither side is prepared to compromise. 双方都不愿意妥协。3,erupt vi. 爆发, 喷发;突然发生;出疹-A regional conflict would erupt into violent warfare. 地区性冲突会演变成一场大战。-The volcano could erupt at any time. 这座火山随时可能爆发。-Rashes have erupted all over my back. 我背上出满了疹子。、4,Obituary  adj. 死亡的;讣告的n. 讣告An obituary is a news article that reports the recent death of a person, typically along with an account of the person's life and information about the upcoming funeral.5,agonising /'æɡə,naiziŋ/ adj. 使人极度痛苦的;烦恼的;苦闷的- It was an agonising decision for him. 这对他来说是一个痛苦的决定。6,deaf to 充耳不闻turn a deaf ear to 置若罔闻- The boss turned a deaf ear to my explanation. 老板不听我的解释。- He was deaf to my requests for help. 他对我的求助充耳不闻。7,choked the life out of sb 扼杀…,使…窒息而死- Killing a man while he slept, slipping a rope around his neck that choked the life out of him.  在一个男人睡觉时把他杀死,把绳子绕在他的脖子上,让他窒息而死

写 作 积 累


1,All citizens share a responsibility for the fate of their country.
国家兴亡,匹夫有责

2,Ingenuity and hard work pays off at last. 足智多谋与勤奋工作最后终于有回报

3,I've spent a lifetime fighting against racism and prejudice.
我花了毕生的时间与种族歧视和偏见作斗争

4,Unemployment is having a corrosive effect on our economy.
失业对我国的经济起着破坏作用(对…有着破坏作用

5,Racism exists at all levels of society.  种族主义存在于社会各阶层

6,星星之火,可以燎原----A single spark can start a prairie fire.

7,for the same reasons it has so often in the past 事情的原因和过去相同

8,It was a chance to start afresh.  这是个重新开始的机会

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