BBC英语｜Ethical coffee
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Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.I’m Dan and joining me today is Catherine. Hey Catherine.
欢迎收听六分钟英语。我是丹，今天和我一起主持节目的是凯瑟琳。你好，凯瑟琳。
Hey Dan.
嗨，丹。
So Catherine, do you prefer a brew or a cup of joe in the morning?
凯瑟琳，早上你喜欢喝一杯茶还是喝杯咖啡呢？
Well, if you are referring to whether I prefer a cup of tea, which we sometimes call a brew, or a cup of coffee, sometimes called a cup of joe,I prefer my coffee in the morning.
如果你是指，我喜欢喝杯茶，有时称之为brew，还是来杯咖啡，有时称之为joe，早上我更喜欢咖啡。
I only drink coffee when I really need to wake up quickly.
我只在真正需要快速清醒的时候喝咖啡。
And, why are you asking, Dan?
丹，你为什么这么问呢？
Because it’s part of this 6 Minute English.
因为这是本期六分钟英语要谈论的一部分。
Coffee. I see. So how do you take it then, Dan?
咖啡。我明白了。那么丹，你喜欢怎么喝咖啡呢？
Well, I’m an instant coffee kind of guy. And I like mine with a dash of milk. How about you?
我是喜欢速溶咖啡的那种人。我还喜欢咖啡加少许奶。你呢？
A dash of something is a small amount of something, especially liquid.Personally, I prefer freshly-ground coffee beans, and I like my coffee dark and strong - preferably Colombian or maybe Brazilian.
a dash of 是指少量，少许，尤其是指液体。就我个人来说，我喜欢即磨的咖啡豆，我喜欢浓郁的黑咖啡，偏爱哥伦比亚咖啡或巴西咖啡。
Wow. A coffee aficionado, eh?
哇！你是一个咖啡爱好者。
An aficionado is a person who’s very enthusiastic about, or interested in, a particular subject.
爱好者是指一个人对某件东西特别热爱或感兴趣。
Well, let me test your knowledge with this week’s quiz question.The specialty coffee, Kopi luwak, is made from coffee beans which have already passed through an animal’s digestive system. But which animal?Is it a) an elephant b) a cat c) a weasel?
让我用今天的问题考考你。有一种特色咖啡，努瓦克咖啡，它的咖啡豆要经过一种动物的消化系统。是哪种动物？a) 大象， b) 猫，还是 c) 鼬鼠？
I’m always going to answer b) a cat.Did you say this coffee actually goes through the animal?As in, it eats it and then it comes out the other end, and that’s what we use for the coffee?
我选猫。你是不是说这种咖啡会通过这种动物的身体。它把咖啡豆吃进去，然后排泄出来，我们这样制作咖啡？
Well, yes. It is actually one of the most expensive coffees in the world.Anyway, we’ll find out if you’re right or not later on.So, talking of expensive, do you tend to pay more for your coffee or are you happy with the cheap as chips stuff?
没错。实际上这是世界上最昂贵的咖啡之一。总之，稍后我们再看你回答得是否正确。谈到昂贵的，你是倾向于买贵一点的咖啡，还是更乐于买便宜的？
Cheap as chips means very cheap. And personally, I do actually like a quality product, and I am willing to pay a bit more for it.
Cheap as chips 是指非常便宜。就我个人来说，我确实喜欢有质量的产品，我愿意多花一点钱。
Would you be willing to pay even more than you already do if it meant that the farmer who grew the beans was getting a fairer price?
那你愿意在如今的基础上再多花一点钱吗？这样种植咖啡豆的农民就可以得到一个更合理的价格。
I would because I think that that sort of thing is important.
我会的，因为我认为这很重要。
And you aren’t alone.There is a growing trend among many Western customers of artisan cafes to be willing to pay more for ethically produced coffee.
不只你这么认为。如今有一种增长的趋势，很多咖啡馆的西方消费者都愿意为合乎道德准则生产出来的咖啡花费更多的钱。
Ethical means morally right.So, Dan, why is this trend happening at the moment?
ethical是指道德上正确的。为什么当下会有这种潮流出现呢？
Well, it’s probably been going on for a while,but a new report from the UN’s World Intellectual Property Organisation has observed the effect that smarter processing, branding and marketing has had on the farmers and their communities.
这种潮流也许已经有一段时间了，但联合国世界知识产权组织的一份新报告观察到更加智能化的加工、品牌推广和营销对农民和其社区产生的影响。
And because of this, coffee drinkers are better able to choose ethically produced coffee that puts more money in the hands of the farmers. But, Dan, do the farmers actually see any of this money?
基于此，咖啡爱好者更愿意选择合乎道德准则生产出来的咖啡，将更多的钱交到农民手上。但是，农民真的能拿到这些钱吗？
Well, it’s complicated. The price of the coffee is relatively cheap until it’s been roasted – or cooked in an oven.As a result, roasters take most of the profits. But there is still a difference. I’ll let Johnathan Josephs, a business reporter for the BBC News explain.
这很复杂。咖啡如果不烘焙的话，其价格是相对比较便宜的。烘焙是指在烤箱里烤。最终，烘焙者取得了其中大部分的利润。但这其中仍然有差别。让乔纳森·约瑟夫斯，BBC新闻的财经记者来解释一下。
For a pound of coffee beans that end up in the instants (section) sold in supermarkets, the roaster can get over 4 dollars.But the export price is just 1.45 dollars.The farmer gets most of that. But when the new wave of socially-aware customer pays a premium for higher standards, the roaster can get 17.45 dollars,but the export price also rises to 5.14 dollars.
一磅的咖啡豆，做成速溶咖啡在超市里销售，烘焙者可以拿到4美元以上。但出口价格只有1.45美元。农民从中得到大部分利润。但当新一批具有社会意识的消费者花费更多的钱追求更好的品质时，烘焙者可以拿到17.45美元。但出口价格也上升到5.14美元。
A premium is an amount that’s more than usual.So the farmer makes three-and-a-half times as much money.
premium 是指比平时多的数量。所以农民的利润翻了3.5倍。
Which means a better quality of life for the farmer, their family and their community.
这就意味着农民、他们的家庭和社区的生活质量更高了。
That’s good news!I will definitely look for the ethically produced coffee from now on.As long as, Dan, it doesn’t come out of some animal!
这是个好消息！从今往后，我绝对要买符合道德标准生产的咖啡。只要它不是从某些动物体内出来的就行！
Yes, actually that reminds me. Our quiz question.I asked you which animal the speciality coffee Kopi luwak comes from.Is it a) an elephant b) a cat c) a weasel?
这提醒我了。我们今天的问题。我问你特色咖啡，努瓦克咖啡是从哪种动物体内排出的？a) 大象， b) 猫，还是 c) 鼬鼠？
And I said a cat.
我选的猫。
And you are wrong I’m afraid. Kopi luwak comes from a type of weasel.
恐怕你答错了。努瓦克咖啡实际上来自于一种鼬鼠。
I’m kind of relieved about that.
我松了一口气。
Let’s try not to think about it, and have a look at the vocabulary instead.
我们不要想这个了，看看今天的单词吧。
OK. So, first we had dash. A dash of something is a small amount of something, usually a liquid. Where might we talk about a dash of something, Dan?
首先，我们提到少许。a dash of 是指少量，少许，尤其是指液体。我们在哪里会提到少许的东西呢？
Well, I like my tea with a dash of milk.My gin with a dash of tonic, and my soup with a dash of salt.Then we had aficionado. An aficionado is someone who is very interested or enthusiastic about a subject. What are you an aficionado of?
我喜欢茶加少许的奶。喜欢杜松子酒加少许奎宁水，汤里加少许盐。然后我们提到爱好者。爱好者是指一个人对某件东西特别热爱或感兴趣。你是什么东西的爱好者呢？
I’m working on becoming a bit of an accordion aficionado actually, Dan.
我实际上手风琴的爱好者。
Wow, cool!
酷！
Yeah! After that, we had as cheap as chips.Is something as cheap as chips?Then it is very cheap indeed.
之后我们提到很便宜。一些东西as cheap as chips这是指非常便宜。
Like my shoes! I bought them at a market for next to nothing.They were as cheap as chips.Then we had ethical. Something which is ethical is morally right. Do you consider yourself to be an ethical person, Catherine?
就像我的鞋！我基本上没花什么钱就把它们从市场上买回来了。它们非常便宜。之后我们提到伦理的。是指道德上正确的。你认为自己是一个有道德的人吗，凯瑟琳？
Well, I try, Dan. I don’t always get it right, but I do attempt to be.After that we heard roasted. Roasted means cooked in an oven. Like our coffee beans!
我尝试成为一个有道德的人。我不能保证事事都做对，但我尽量这么做。接着我们提到烤的。只是在烤箱里烤制的。就像我们的咖啡豆！
And of course our very famous English roast.Finally, we had a premium. If you pay a premium, you pay more than usual - usually for a better quality or service.Can you think of an example?
当然还有我们著名的英国烧烤。最后我们提到额外费用。如果你支付了额外费用，是指你付了比平时多的钱，通常是为了追求更好的质量或服务。你能想出一个例子吗？
If you’re going to the cinema, you might pay a premium to get more comfortable seats.
如果你去电影院，你也许会支付额外的费用享受更舒适的座椅。
And that’s the end of this 6 Minute English.Don’t forget to check out our YouTube, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram pages, and we’ll see you next time.
今天的六分钟英语就到这里。不要忘了登陆我们的 Youtube，Facebook，Twitter 和Instagram主页，我们下期再会！
Goodbye.
再见