BBC英文｜6 Minute English: Shakespeare in plain English

小芳老师 2020-09-18

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A Shakespeare festival in Oregon has commissioned 'translations' of his plays into plain English. Of course, the language of Shakespeare's plays can be difficult, but is it a good idea to change his plays into simple English? Listen to experts talking about Shakespeare and learn new vocabulary.

This week's question

What was the first language that Shakespeare's plays were translated into?

a) French

b) German

c) Portuguese

Transcript
Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript
Finn
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Finn…
Neil
… and I'm Neil. Hello. Today we are talking about Shakespeare.
Finn
Oh yes… to be or not to be, that is the question. Whether 'tis nobler…
Neil
Yeah. OK, thank you. Thank you very much, Finn. But what does that famous Shakespeare line actually mean, Finn?
Finn
Yeah, well… it's quite hard to explain actually. The English in Shakespeare's work is quite difficult.
Neil
Well, a Shakespeare festival in Oregon in the United States wants to change all of that. They want to pay writers – they want to commission - what they call 'translations' of Shakespeare's plays. Now we usually use the word translation of course to talk about changing words and sentences from one language to another. But these writers have been commissioned to translate Shakespearean English into plain English.
Finn
So Shakespeare in easy, plain English… You know, I'm not sure I really like that idea.
Neil
Well, you're not the only one, Finn. We will talk about that in a moment, but first, as usual, we have our quiz question and it's about Shakespeare and translation. What was the first language that Shakespeare's plays were translated into? Was it:
a)    French
b)    German or
c)    Portuguese
What do you think?
Finn
You know, I really have no idea on this one. I'm going to say b) German.
Neil
We'll see if you're right at the end of the programme. But now we're going to hear from two Shakespeare experts speaking to the BBC. First, Andrew Dickinson. He is the author of 'Worlds Elsewhere: Journeys Around Shakespeare's Globe'.
Finn
In his travels around the world - around the globe – did he find many translations of Shakespeare?

INSERT
Andrew Dickinson, the author of 'Worlds Elsewhere: Journeys Around Shakespeare's Globe'
Someone’s translated Hamlet into Klingon. You know, he exists in all of these different places and all of these different forms and I suppose that what really struck me while working on my book and travelling around the world talking to people about Shakespeare is that he is so multifarious - he exists in all of these places. It feels sometimes that we in the English-speaking world are only just catching up with this.
Finn
Shakespeare expert Andrew Dickinson, who has travelled the world for his new book and knows about many translations, even one from out of this world!
Neil
Yes, he says someone has even translated Hamlet into Klingon. Now that's the language spoken by aliens in Star Trek, which is of course a science fiction TV series, it's not a real language.
Finn
Let's get back to the real world, Neil. Andrew Dickinson says that what really impressed him – what really struck him - while working on his new book and travelling around the world talking about Shakespeare is that Shakespeare is so multifarious. Multifarious - that's quite a difficult word.
Neil
Yes, it is. Well in plain English it means that there are many different types. There are many different translations, many different kinds of Shakespeare.
Finn
He's multifarious.
Neil
Finn! We're using plain English in this programme, like the people in Oregon who want to translate Shakespeare into plain English. That will make his plays easier to understand.
Finn
And that's a good thing. But there has also been strong criticism about this from academics who study Shakespeare as well as from people on social media – on Facebook and Twitter. They think it's a bad idea.
Neil
Our next Shakespeare expert is Greg Doran. He is the Artistic Director of the Royal Shakespeare Company. He's done productions outside Britain. Where did he do a production of the Shakespeare play, Merchant of Venice? Here he is talking about the difficulty of translation.
INSERT
Greg Doran, Artistic Director of the Royal Shakespeare Company
I think the difficulty with a translation is that it simply translates the sense and there's a lot more going on in the language of Shakespeare's plays. I remember once doing a production of Merchant of Venice in Japan and I was asked – we were having a new translation done - and I was asked if I wanted the translation for meaning, for pace or for poetry and that's the difficulty. You've got to find all three somehow together.
Finn
Greg Doran, Artistic Director of the Royal Shakespeare Company. He was doing a Shakespeare production in Japan. He says that the difficulty with translation is that it only translates the sense – it is only the general meaning. But he says that there's more than that.
Neil
They were having a translation done and he was asked if he wanted the translation for meaning or for pace – that’s about the speed of the lines in the play - or was the poetry of the words important?
Finn
And his answer was that you've got to find all three somehow together. It is not just one thing.
Neil
He says that there is a lot going on – there is a lot happening - in the language of Shakespeare's plays.
Finn
And so a simple translation of the words into plain English isn't really… Shakespeare. And I think it's time to answer our quiz question.
Neil
Yes, if you remember, it's about translations of Shakespeare. What was the first language that Shakespeare's plays were translated into? Was it:
a)    French
b)    German
c)    Portuguese
Finn
I said b) German, which I'll admit was a guess.
Neil
And that is the right answer.
Finn
Fantastic!
Neil
Apparently Shakespeare's plays were translated into German as early as the first decade of the 17th Century. And that’s all for now. Please do join us again for 6 Minute English.
Finn
To be or not be...
Neil
Yes, OK. Thanks, Finn.
Both
Bye.

Vocabulary
commission
to pay writers for their work
translations
words in another language
plain
(here) simple, easy

globe
world

struck
to have strong feeling or impression

multifarious
many different types

the sense
the general meaning

pace
the speed something is done