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In this lesson, I explain how and when we use "to" before a verb with the "-ing" ending. The use of "to" before an "-ing" verb is not always correct. But it is correct in a particular case to express an emotion or action happening in the present referring to a past or future event. If this sounds complicated, have no fear! It is a simple structure once you understand how it works.
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TRANSCRIPT
Hi there. My name is Emma, and in today's video, we are going to talk about something many students wonder about, and that is when we use "to" and "ing" together. Sorry. Okay, so for example... Yeah: "What???" Many students, when they see this, it "poof" their minds; they have no idea: What is this? It goes against all the rules they've learned. So I'm going to explain to you when this happens, and how we can use it. So, let's look at some examples.
This is the most common example of this you will see: "I look forward to meeting you." Notice we have our verb: "look forward", and then we have this little guy, here, "to", and then we also have "ing". Okay? So, in this case, it's very strange. We're going to learn about why this is in a moment, but before we do that, I want to tell you some of the basic rules so you can understand, first off: What am I talking about with "ing", and what am I talking about with "to"?
So let's look at the basic rules. This is all about when you have two verbs in a sentence. For example: "thank" is the first verb, and "help" is the second verb. Okay? What you will notice in English, the first rule is: Any time you have a preposition between the first verb and the second, you're going to use "ing". A preposition is a word like "for", "to", "about", "toward", "up", "down", "in", "out", all of these words that kind of tell us where something is located, these are called "prepositions". So, whenever you see a preposition after a verb, this next verb is going to end in "ing". So our example here: "I thank you for helping me."
Similarly, we have our verb: "interested", "I'm interested", so this is the verb. And we have a second verb: "learn". So, if we have a preposition after the first verb: "I'm interested in", you're going to see that the second verb is going to end in "ing". "I'm interested in learning English." So we don't say: "I'm interested in to learn English." Similarly, we don't say: "I thank you to help me." If you have a preposition like "for", "in", "out", you are going to have the second verb with "ing".
Okay, some verbs... These are verbs without prepositions. If we have two verbs and there's no preposition between them, they will be either verb with a second verb ending in "ing", or a verb plus the second verb beginning in "to". So let's look at some examples so you understand what I'm talking about.
Okay, I have here the verb "enjoy". Here's my first verb. Think of a second verb we can use. Let's say "eat". With the verb "enjoy", the verb that follows is always going to end in "ing". "I enjoy eating.", "I enjoy reading.", "I enjoy listening to music.", "I enjoy shopping." Okay? So, in this case, all... The second verb will always end in "ing". We have another example, here: "I started". "I started", let's think of a verb, any verb. "Fish". "I started fishing." So, again, this is the first verb, here's the second verb, second verb ends in "ing". I en-... Or: "I started drinking.", "I started eating my dinner." Okay?
Then we also have some verbs that you will see... Here's the first verb: "decided". The second verb does not end in "ing". "I decided to", what's a verb we can use here? "Watch". "I decided to watch TV." Okay? "I want to eat ice cream." So, in this case, we have two verbs-so verb one, verb two; verb one, verb two-the second verb begins with the word "to".
Now, other teachers on engVid have already covered this information. What you will notice is that some verbs are always like this, some verbs are always like this, and some verbs do both. It's pretty much you have to memorize: When is it "ing"...? Sorry. "ing", and when is it "to"? What we're really interested in today is this, this really confusing thing: Why is it "ing" and "to"? All right? So let's look at some more examples of this, and I will tell you the rule on when we use "ing" and "to" together.
Okay, so I've explained to you the three rules we use when we have two verbs together. Okay? Sometimes you have a verb followed by "ing", sometimes you have a verb followed by "to", and in the case of prepositions, you have a verb followed by "ing". So I've taught you these three rules. Now we're going to look at when we have both "ing" and "to" together. Okay? So, "ing" and "to" together.
So in this case, we have two verbs. The first verb is: "I look forward to". The second verb is: "meeting". Okay? So we have two verbs. In this case, "to" is acting as a preposition. Okay? So just like what we said before with "up", "down", "in", "out", in this case, "to" is a preposition. This is actually a phrasal verb. It's actually almost like it's the same verb. "To" is a part of "look forward". You can't have: "I look forward meeting". No. "To" is a part of the verb. So, in this case because it's a phrasal verb and "to" is a preposition, "meeting" is going to have "ing". Another way to look at this is if you look at this next example: "I look forward to ice cream." In this case, we only have one verb. We have "look forward to", this is the verb, "ice cream". We don't have a second verb; instead, we have a noun. This is fine. This is the test you can do. If "to" can be followed only by a noun, then we know that it's actually a part of the verb.
Okay? So: "I look forward to ice cream." I can do this with "to", but I can't say: "I hope to ice cream." In this case, this does not work; "to" is separate, so we... It's separate from "hope", so we could say instead: "I hope to eat", you'd need to add a verb, here. "I need to eat ice cream." So in this case, "to" is a part of it, it's a preposition; in this case, when we have two verbs, "to" is separating them. So they're two different cases. Let's look at some more examples. "You will get used to living here." We have the verb "get used to", it's considered like one chunk: "get used to". It's a phrasal verb. And then we have our second verb. "You will get used to living here." We have "to" and we also have "ing". In this case, "to" is a preposition, and that's why it is followed by a verb with "ing". "Get used to" means to become accustomed to.
Okay? So, for example, some of my students have come to Canada, and at first the cold is very terrible in the wintertime, they hate the cold, but they get used to it, and then the cold is no problem; they get accustomed to it. Again, just like with this, we could change this to a noun. I could say: "You will get used to winter.", "You will get used to English." Or I can have a verb. Both are possible, so we know that this is a chunk. We have another example: Judge Judy. "Judge Judy objects to lying." "Objects" means she gets angry, she does not approve; she disapproves of lying. So, again, we have "to" and we have "ing" together. The verb is "objects to", it's one unit. And "lying" is our second verb. Okay? A third example: "I resorted to stealing."
Okay? "I resorted to stealing." or "I confessed to stealing." If you resort to something, it means although you didn't really want to do it, you had to do it. So, for example, imagine I have a big test and I know I'm going to fail, so I decide to cheat. I resorted to cheating. Usually we resort to doing something bad. So: "I resorted to stealing." Again, we have "to", and we have "ing". The reason we have both is "resorted" and "to" are a unit; they go together. They always go together, so we can't say: "I resort stealing", it's always: "I resorted to stealing." Same with the word "confess". If you confess to something, it means you tell someone what you did wrong. Okay, so: "I confessed to stealing." So, again, just like "resorted to", "confessed to", it's one unit.
Okay? So these words go together. "To", in this case, is a proposition, "confess to" is a phrasal verb, so afterwards, "stealing" is going to end in "ing". Okay, our final example: "I'm opposed to living in Antarctica." This means: "I'm against living in Antarctica." I don't know why I'm against it. I mean, I guess I hate the cold, although I love penguins. I'm going to say: "I'm opposed to living in Antarctica." Now, "I'm opposed to", it's a unit; it goes together. It's a phrasal verb. So, this means that it's a verb that always has "to" as a preposition. So, because "to" is a preposition, the verb afterwards is going to have "ing". So: "I'm opposed to living in Antarctica.", "I'm opposed to drinking and driving.", "I'm opposed to doing drugs."
Okay? So, again, I could even get rid of this and use a noun, I could say: "I'm opposed to drugs.", "I'm opposed to doing drugs." All right, so again, key here: Sometimes we have "to" and "ing" together between a verb. We do this when we have "to" as a phrasal verb, and "to" is acting as a preposition. All right, so I hope you come visit our website at www.engvid.com. There, you can do a quiz to make sure that you understand this video, and that you have mastered the concepts in it. You'll also see a lot more examples of when we use "to" and "ing". So until next time, thank you for watching and take care.
Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's video, I am going to teach you all about how we use our hands in English. So there are many ways we use our hands in English. I'm going to teach you a lot of different ways we use them. A lot of students get very confused with this, because the way we use our hands varies from culture to culture, so what we do in Canada and England and the U.S. might be very different than with what you do in your country. Okay? So pay close attention to these differences.
So to start with, let's look at: "knock on wood". If you're living in an English-speaking country, you may have noticed sometimes people have a wooden object or a desk, a table, something made of wood, and they knock on it. Okay? You might wonder: "What does this mean, knock on wood?" In English tradition, if you say something good, for example: "I did very, very well on my test. I killed my test. I did amazing on my test", you might knock on wood to make sure that you don't jinx it. Okay? I'll give you another example. Imagine if I want to go on a picnic, and I'm a little afraid about rain, I might say: "Oh, you know, today's supposed to be a very sunny day. Knock on wood." I'm knocking on wood to prevent rain. Okay? So it's a superstition we do in order to kind of protect ourselves from the opposite happening. Okay? One last example: -"How did your interview go? How did your job interview go?" -"Oh, it went well." [Knocks] Okay, so that's why we knock on wood, it's a superstition.
All right, let's look at some of these other ones. "Quotes". A lot of students have asked me: "What does this mean?" Okay? So, for example, somebody might say: "Yeah, she's beautiful." Or: "He's really smart." This kind of has a sarcastic tone to it. It means somebody has said somebody is beautiful, but you don't believe it. Or somebody has said somebody is smart, but you don't believe it. So if you hear someone saying something, and you're, you know, pretty much using their words but you don't believe it, you can do quotes. Okay? Another example: "Yeah that movie was awesome." Okay? So it means you don't believe it. English is fun. Your teachers might tell you English is fun. When you're talking to your friends, you might say: "English is fun", if you don't believe it.
All right, the next one: "crazy". All right? In English, if we think someone is crazy, we go... Okay? So, for example: "That guy, he's very..." [Clicks tongue] It means he's very crazy. Okay?
"Fingers crossed". A lot of the times in English, we take our fingers and we cross them, and we go like this. This means we're hoping something happens. Okay? So, for example: I hope you like this video, fingers crossed. Or: I hope I did well on the test, fingers crossed. Okay? So this means you hope something is happening. Now, this is a little different from if you take your finger and you put it behind your back. If you take your finger... Your fingers crossed and you put it behind your back, it means you're telling a lie. So, for example: "Oh, I loved the movie you made. The movie you made was incredible." If my fingers are behind my back, it means I'm lying to you. "I never talk to that guy." Okay? Fingers behind my back, it means I'm lying. Okay?
Now, this one you might know, I think it's a very common one: "OK". It can also mean: "nice work" or "A-OK". So that means something has gone well.
We have this one which is a very rude one. This, which means... And sorry, I'm not doing this to you; I'm just teaching it. This means "up yours", which pretty much in English means "fuck you". Okay? So if you ever see somebody going like that, it's not polite. It means up yours or fuck you.
Oh, we have one... Two more. "Peace sign". Okay, when we're talking about peace in English, we often go: "Peace." So this is against war. In the 1960s, there were people called Hippies, they were always going: "Peace." This is very different than the V sign, this. Peace is like this, the V sign is like this. The V sign is something that is almost the same as this. In England, in Australia, in New Zealand, if you do this to somebody, you're pretty much telling them: "Fuck you." Okay? So be careful. "Peace", versus "Fuck you."
Finally: "money". Okay? In English, when we're talking about money, we often go like this. So, for example: "Do you have money? I need some money?" Okay? So we just take our fingers and we just rub them together. Okay, we have this, devil's horns, also known as "rock on". So whenever you go... If you like music, a lot of the times if you go to a rock concert, you go like this, you do this when you like the music. Okay? And it means "rock on". So this one has to do with music. Okay, "come here". In Western culture, when we want somebody to come, we go... This is different than in other cultures. Some cultures, it's like this. We don't do that in Western culture. Our hand is up, and we... We call forward. If we want someone to hurry, we might go... Okay? So we use that to say: "Come here." We also have... This is sometimes almost like a negative "come here", like you're in trouble, if I go, I take my fingers, I have just the one up and I go... It means: "Come here", but usually parents will do this or maybe your boss, and sometimes... Well, it often means you're in trouble or there's a problem.
Okay? Okay, "me". Now, in different cultures, we point to different areas of our self when we're talking about ourselves. In Western culture, we point to our chest. Me. In some cultures, people point to their noses. Me. In Western culture, we don't do that; we point to our chest. Me. Okay? We also have: "I don't know", or "I don't understand", or "I don't care." Okay? So I shrug can mean "I don't know/I don't care." "Please/I beg you". If you want somebody to do something, you can put your hands together, like this, and say: "Please, please, please. I beg you. Please keep practicing English. Please keep watching engVid." Okay? So that's something we can do to mean "please" or "I beg you", which is pretty much the same thing. Okay, this one: "shoot me now". Shoot is what you do with a gun, so we take our gun, and we just pretend to... [Shooting noise].
Okay? Shoot me now. We often do this when we're bored. Okay? So if you're watching a very boring... If you have a very boring class, or somebody is... You're watching something very boring, you might say: [Shooting noise], which means: "Please kill me. Shoot me now." Or if something is really terrible, like maybe you did really bad on an assignment: "Ah, please shoot me now." Finally we have: "call me". Okay? This means: "Call my cellphone or call my telephone." Okay? So now let's look at some more expressions we use with our hands, some more gestures, and what they mean in English. Okay, so the next expression I want to teach you with your hands is: "It went over my head."
Okay? So it's when you go: "Whoo". What this means is that something is so difficult, and complex, and confusing, you don't understand. So, for example, when I think about math, whoo, it means math is very difficult; I don't understand it. Or if I think about, you know, certain science principles, maybe, you know, I might not understand them, so it goes over my head. It means I don't understand because it's too difficult. I hope you don't do this, but some of you might think about English, whoo.
Okay? Or English grammar, and that means it's so difficult it went over my head. Okay, we also have "thumbs up". You do this if something is good. In some cultures, I think it might mean something different, but in Western culture, this means good. We also have "thumbs down", which means bad. Okay? So: "How was your presentation?" It means-okay-"It was terrible." Okay? We have: Shh. "Be quiet." Shh. We also have: "What?" This means the opposite; it means "speak louder". Okay? "I can't hear you, please speak louder." Okay, the next one: You're dead, is when you take your finger and you go: "Kee". Okay? So if you want to tell somebody they're dead: "Kee". Okay. We also have another threat. If somebody makes you really angry... Well, I'm not saying to do this, but if you see someone go like this, shaking their fist, and they have a very angry face, like... It means: "I'll get you", or it can also mean, like, you know, "Fuck you." Okay? And it's done high up. Okay. Now, one thing we do in English, this, can mean two things. If you see the police officer and they have their gun out, and you go: "Whoa!" This can mean: "Don't shoot." Okay? "Don't shoot your gun." It can also mean: "Relax."
Okay? "Calm down." So, if somebody is very angry at you, if somebody's yelling at you, they're very angry: "Whoa!" Okay? It means: "Whoa, calm down" or "relax". Okay, this is an important one. It means "let's drink". Okay? So I might say to somebody: "Hey, today, let's get beer or let's drink." If you point to somebody, though, and if you go: "That guy", [clicks tongue], depending on how you do your face, it can also mean that person drinks too much. So when you go like this, it usually has to do with alcohol. It can mean either: "Yeah, let's drink." or "That guy, he drinks too much; he's an alcoholic." Okay? Next, we have the word "hitch-hike". Hitch-hike is when you need to get somewhere, so you put your thumb out and you're on the road, and hopefully if you do this, a car will come and pick you up. So it's a way to travel. When you don't have transportation, you can put your thumb out if there's a road, and somebody in a car may pick you up. That's called hitch-hiking.
Okay? So in some cultures something like this is rude; in English if you're walking on the street and you do this, it means: "Please pick me up in your car." Okay, this one is also a very, very important one. If you go to a restaurant and you want to pay for your meal, sometimes the waitress or the server, they take a very long time to come, so what you can do is you can make eye contact with your waiter or waitress, and you can go... Okay? So you pretend this is a pen, this is a paper, that means: "Cheque, please." or "The bill, please." So you don't even have to say anything; you can just look. It means: "Please give me the bill." Okay, if you want something done fast, we say: "Snap, snap." Snap, snap means do it quickly, do it very fast. Okay? You know, I finished my homework snap, snap. It means I did it very quickly. Or: "Get me a coffee." [Snaps fingers] Snap, snap. "Get me a coffee very quickly."
Okay, we have this one: "go away". Okay? So, you know, our... Our... The back of our hand, and it pushes away. Okay, this one you might see if you ever watch the Oscars or some sort of award ceremony, maybe a baseball game or a hockey game, you might see somebody clasp their hands together, so they put their hands together and they shake them, and they shake them. Okay? This means: "Yay, we won." Okay? "We won the award." or "Yay, I won the game. We won the hockey game." So this is kind of victory or, you know: "We won, we won." Okay, the next one: "blah, blah". In English, "blah, blah" means... Well, it doesn't really mean anything. We use it when someone is talking too much, and we say: "Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah."
Okay? So it just means a person is talking too much. So we might take our hand and go: "Blah, blah, blah, blah", and it means, you know, this is what this person sounds like, blah, blah. It means they're talking too much, and we don't really care what they're saying. This: "loser". A loser is someone who is not cool. Okay? So a loser is somebody who is not cool. In the s, although some people do this, but really in the s, if you went like this, it meant... So you make an "L" and you go like that. It meant you were insulting somebody, it meant you were calling them a loser, or somebody who isn't successful and who is stupid, pretty much. So if you go like that, it's an insult in English. It's not so common anymore, but it was something that was very big in the s.
Okay, finally: "anticipation". Anticipation means we are excited for something. Okay? So imagine Christmas is coming: "Oo, I can't wait." Or, you know, the new Ironman movie is coming out: "Oo, this is so exciting." You know, I'm going to get to watch another engVid video: "Oo, I can't wait." So we use this to mean anticipation or excitement. We're very excited for something, we can rub our hands together, like this. Okay, the last one I want to teach you, this. It's from Star Trek, and it means "live long and prosper". So for anyone who's a Star Trek fan, this is a very big hand gesture a lot of people do in English society and I guess worldwide, showing that they're a fan of the TV show and the movie Star Trek. So I hope you've enjoyed this video. Again, we use our hands a lot to communicate. They say that % of language is actually body language, so it's really important to learn the different things your hands can do and what they mean, because in some cultures, certain things might be offensive; but in other cultures, they're not.
Okay? So it's important to know what is offensive in English, for example, this is offensive; versus: What is something that is not offensive, like this? This is totally fine to do in English. Okay? So I invite you to come check out our website at www.engvid.com. There, you can do a quiz where you can practice what you've learned in this video, and make sure that you've actually learned it and mastered it. Okay? I hope you've enjoyed this video, and until next time, I'm excited to see you guys. And I'll see you later. Take care.
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