TED学院 | 菲利普·津巴多：男性的衰落？游戏和色情在毁灭一代人

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TED简介：2011 | 美国心理学家菲利普·津巴多（Philip Zimbardo）提出了一个问题：“为什么男性在当今社会处于困境之中？” 他分享了一些数据（男性较低的毕业率，对爱情和家庭更多的焦虑等），并提出了几个可能的原因和面临的挑战。

演讲者：Philip Zimbardo

片长：04：44

https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?width=500&height=375&auto=0&vid=t0312xl3yqn

中英对照翻译

So today, I want us to reflect on thedemise of guys. Guys are flaming out academically; they're wiping out sociallywith girls and sexually with women. Other than that, there's not much of aproblem. So what's the data? So the data on dropping out is amazing. Boys are30 percent more likely than girls to drop out of school. 

今天，我希望各位能认识到男性的衰落。男性在学术成就上正逐渐走向低谷，他们把太多时间花在和女性的社交，以及两性关系上。除此之外，没什么大问题。我们来看看数据，退学的数据非常惊人，相比于女生，男生的退学率达30％。

In Canada, five boysdrop out for every three girls. Girls outperform boys now at every level, fromelementary school to graduate school. There's a 10 percent differential betweengetting BA's and all graduate programs, with guys falling behind girls.Two-thirds of all students in special ed. remedial programs are guys. And asyou all know, boys are five times more likely than girls to be labeled as havingattention deficit disorder -- and therefore we drug them with Ritalin.

在加拿大，每三名退学的女生就对应着五名退学的男生。现在，女性在教育的各个阶段，从小学到研究生，都赶超了男性。相比于女性，男性在获得文科学士和其他研究生学位上落后10％，在特殊教育和后进学生教育中，有2/3的学生是男性。同时，正如你们所知，男性被诊断为注意力缺损症的几率是女生的五倍，所以我们让他们服用利他林。

What's the evidence of wiping out? First,it's a new fear of intimacy. Intimacy means physical, emotional connection withsomebody else -- and especially with somebody of the opposite sex who gives offambiguous, contradictory, phosphorescent signals. 

那么，这种衰落有什么迹象吗？首先，是对亲密关系的新恐惧，亲密关系是指与其他人身体上、感情上的密切关系，尤其是和异性，异性散发出朦胧的、矛盾的、磷光般的信号。

And every yearthere's research done on self-reported shyness among college students. Andwe're seeing a steady increase among males. And this is two kinds. It's asocial awkwardness. The old shyness was a fear of rejection. It's a socialawkwardness like you're a stranger in a foreign land. They don't know what tosay, they don't know what to do, especially one-on-one [with the] opposite sex.They don't know the language of face contact, the non-verbal and verbal set ofrules that enable you to comfortably talk to somebody else, listen to somebodyelse.

每年都有人研究大学生群体中的羞怯问题，这种问题在男性群体中不断增长，一般可以分为两种，其中之一是社会尴尬。羞怯是一种对被拒绝的恐惧，这是一种社会尴尬。他们就像身在异国的陌生人，不知道自己该说什么，也不知道该做什么，尤其在与异性一对一交流的时候，他们不知道该如何与她们面对面接触。言语和非言语自有一套规则，这些规则能让你舒适地与他人谈话，同时也倾听他人说话。这是一种社交强度综合症。

There's something I'm developing herecalled social intensity syndrome, which tries to account for why guys reallyprefer male bonding over female mating. It turns out, from earliest childhood,boys, and then men, prefer the company of guys -- physical company. 

男性原本就对同性间情谊的重视，超过对女性伴侣的感情。从童年的最初期开始，男孩（随之成为男人），就更喜欢男性的陪同，他们需要身体上的同伴。

And there'sactually a cortical arousal we're looking at, because guys have been with guysin teams, in clubs, in gangs, in fraternities, especially in the military, andthen in pubs. And this peaks at Super Bowl Sunday when guys would rather be ina bar with strangers, watching a totally overdressed Aaron Rodgers of the GreenBay Packers, rather than Jennifer Lopez totally naked in the bedroom. 

这其实是一种皮层兴奋，因为男性总是和其他男性在一起，运动队里、社团中、群体中、兄弟会里，尤其是在军队里，还有在酒吧里。这种现象在周日的超级杯赛里达到顶峰，此时，男性更乐意在酒吧里跟陌生人一起，看穿着严严实实的球衣的艾伦·罗杰，而不是在卧室里看一丝不挂的詹妮弗·洛佩兹。

Theproblem is they now prefer [the] asynchronistic Internet world to thespontaneous interaction in social relationships.

问题是，现在，他们更喜欢虚幻的网络世界，而不是真实的互动、真实的社交关系。

What are the causes? Well, it's anunintended consequence. I think it's excessive Internet use in general,excessive video gaming, excessive new access to pornography. The problem isthese are arousal addictions. Drug addiction, you simply want more. Arousaladdiction, you want different. Drugs, you want more of the same -- different.So you need the novelty in order for the arousal to be sustained.

为什么呢？其实这是一个意料之外的后果，我想是因为对网络的过量使用，过量的电子游戏、过量的得到色情电影的新途径。这些很容易导致兴奋成瘾。有毒瘾时，你就想要更多毒品，一旦兴奋成瘾，你想要的是不同的兴奋体验，正如毒品每一次让你想要的都是同一个东西——不同。

And the problem is the industry issupplying it. Jane McGonigal told us last year that by the time a boy is 21,he's played 10,000 hours of video games, most of that in isolation. As youremember, Cindy Gallop said men don't know the difference between making loveand doing porn. 

你需要新奇感来持续这种兴奋，而有产业来满足你的这种需求。去年，简·麦克格尼高告诉我们：一个男孩长到21岁时，他已经玩了10000小时的电子游戏，大多数玩游戏的时候，他都是独自一人。而正如辛迪·盖洛普所言：“男人们不知道做爱和看色情电影有什么区别。”

The average boy now watches 50 porn video clips a week. Andthere's some guy watching a hundred, obviously. (Laughter) And the pornindustry is the fastest growing industry in America -- 15 billion annually. Forevery 400 movies made in Hollywood, there are 11,000 now made porn videos.

现在的男性平均一周看50个色情视频，很明显，也有一些人每周看100个。色情工业是如今美国发展最快的工业，每年赢利150亿美元。好莱坞每拍摄400部电影，就有11000个色情视频制作完毕。

So the effect, very quickly, is it's a newkind of arousal. Boys' brains are being digitally rewired in a totally new wayfor change, novelty, excitement and constant arousal. That means they'retotally out of sync in traditional classes, which are analog, static,interactively passive. They're also totally out of sync in romanticrelationships, which build gradually and subtly.

这导致了快速的兴奋供给，为了追求变化、新奇感、激动以及经常性的兴奋，男性的大脑以一种全新的方式被数字化重组。这意味着他们完全脱离了传统的类型，传统分类是模拟的、静态的、交互被动的。他们也完全脱离了应被逐步巧妙构建的、浪漫的男女关系。

So what's the solution? It's not my job.I'm here to alarm. It's your job to solve.But who should care? The only people whoshould care about this is parents of boys and girls, educators, gamers,filmmakers and women who would like a real man who they can talk to, who candance, who can make love slowly and contribute to the evolutionary pressures tokeep our species above banana slugs. No offense to banana slug owners. Thankyou.

那么，解决方案是什么？这不关我的事，我在这里，是想提醒那些应该解决这些问题的人。谁应该对此有所顾虑？是孩子们的父母，我们的教育者，游戏制作商和电影人，以及，那些想遇到真正男性的女性，你们可以一起交谈、跳舞，可以舒缓地做爱，为保持进化的先进性，保持我们的种族优越于香蕉蛞蝓。我无意冒犯香蕉蛞蝓，谢谢。

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