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Linhuiの逻辑1分钟:GMAT - Evaluate the argument评价题

2016-08-30 Linhui F. NativeStudy


本文为“GMAT公益训练”的第8篇原创知识分享,内容源自Linhui老师8月2日的CR逻辑训练。


在NativeStudy,我们长期坚持每天2小时的公益指导,邀您一起,学习坚持:GMAT训练计划。


上一期我们给大家介绍了GMAT逻辑中的一大逻辑考点 - resolve the paradox 评价题,和它的解题思路。还不了解的可以点此查阅




戳小视频观看Evaluate the argument 题型介绍:


https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=u031896ok4u&width=500&height=375&auto=0


Evaluate the argument题目常见提问方式:


“The answer to which of the following questions would contribute most to an evaluation of the argument?”
“Clarification of which of the following issues would be most important to an evaluation of the scientists’ position?”
“Which of the following would be most important to know in evaluating the hypothesis in the passage?”
“Which of the following would it be most relevant to investigate in evaluating the conclusion of the argument?”


注意你不用去帮助做出判断:原文推理有效or无效,你只用选一个问题就好了。那如何知道这个“问题”能不能帮你去evaluate论证的有效性呢? 


我们采用Bible里介绍的办法:Viriance Test。具体操作手法就是:给某个选项的问题取两个极端答案,然后把两个极端答案分别带入原文,看他们对原文的影响。如果一个极端答案会weaken原文的conclusion, 另一个极端答案会strengthen原文的conclusion,那么这就是正确答案。


Case Study
GMAT训练的所有例题均严格来自官方素材


点击小视频,查看本题型的OG16新题解析

https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=v0318yqhv8a&width=500&height=375&auto=0


OG16 #120

Vargonia has justintroduced a legal requirement that student-teacher ratios in government-fundedschools not exceed a certain limit. All Vargonian children are entitled toeducation, free of charge, in these schools. When a recession occurs andaverage incomes fall, the number of children enrolled in government-fundedschools tends to increase. Therefore, though most employment opportunitiescontract in economic recessions, getting a teaching job in Vargonia’sgovernment- funded schools will not be made more difficult by a recession.

 

Which of thefollowing would be most important to determine in order to evaluate theargument?

 

(A) Whether inVargonia there are any schools not funded by the government that offer childrenan education free of charge

(B) Whether thenumber of qualified applicants for teaching positions in government-fundedschools increases significantly during economic recessions

(C) What is thecurrent student-teacher ratio in Vargonia’s government- funded schools

(D) What proportionof Vargonia’s workers currently hold jobs as teachers in government-fundedschools

(E) Whether in thepast a number of government funded schools in Vargonia have had student teacherratios well in excess of the new limit


解析


原题解构-逻辑释义

P1:V地新颁布的法令要求,在政府资助的学校内的学生和老师的比例不能超过一定限度。

P2:所有V地儿童都享有在这些学校免费受教育的资格

P3:当经济衰退,平均收入下降时,入读政府资助学校的儿童的人数上升

C:因此,和衰退期内的大多数岗位相反,在V地政府学校得到教师工作不会因为经济衰退而变得困难。


(A) Whether inVargonia there are any schools not funded by the government that offer childrenan education free of charge

A.“V地会不会存在也提供免费教育的非公立学校。”


逐项分析:公立学校的竞争和非公立学校无明显关系。因为不管有没有非公立学校的存在,原文已经提到,经济危机时候就读公立学校的学生人生会变多。


(B) Whether thenumber of qualified applicants for teaching positions in government-fundedschools increases significantly during economic recessions

B.“经济衰退时,公立学校的合格的教师申请人会不会变多。”


逐项分析:如果申请人变多,那么即使对教师的需求变大,也会增加申请难度,因为申请的竞争变大了,原文的推理就难以成立。如果申请人不变多,那么对教师的需求增大,找份教师工作也不会变难,原文受到了strengthen。


(C) What is thecurrent student-teacher ratio in Vargonia’s government- funded schools

C.“V地公立学校的学生教师比例是多少。”


逐项分析:和原文无直接关联,原文讨论是“是不是变得更难”,只要教师职位竞争变大,就会变难,不管现在的比例是多少,不能evaluate原文的推理。


(D) What proportionof Vargonia’s workers currently hold jobs as teachers in government-fundedschools

D.“V地的现在在职人员有多少是公立学校的教师?”


和原文无直接关联,即使知道在职人员当中公立学校的教师比例,也缺少更多数据来计算申请难度,不能evaluate原文的推理,而且现在各个职位的分布状况不会影响未来的人数变化。


(E) Whether in thepast a number of government funded schools in Vargonia have had student teacherratios well in excess of the new limit

E.“过去,V地的有些公立学校的学生教师比是否超过限制。”


逐项分析:过去的师生比是否超过限制和现在的申请难度无关,毕竟以前超过师生比高或低,不代表现在的比例会高或低,这是无关选项。


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作者简介:Linhui FU,NativeStudy高分导师,兼原创撰稿人。美国乔治华盛顿大学硕士,Business Analytics项目。热爱绘画、音乐、健身、潜水、哲学。同时拥有严谨的逻辑能力和巨大的脑洞,是一枚感性与理性互相拉扯的精分患者。其教授的Bible课程体系广受欢迎,GMAT授课课时已累计过千,受益学生超500人。曾四次组织大型公益课程,并撰写了《GMAT OG16CR新题解析》《GMAT OG17CR新题解析》。


相关作品:

Linhuiの逻辑1分钟:GMAT - Evaluate the argument评价题

2017年最新趋势分析,CR逻辑篇 - OG17+Verbal分册


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