转载:EB-5与RAISE移民改革提案 (Carolyn律师解读)
2017年8月1日,参议院阿肯色州与佐治亚州的共和党议员Tom Cotton与 Sonny Perdue提出移民改革议案,大幅消减合法移民。该议案被称为RAISE移民改革提案。RAISE是提案全名“Reforming American for a Strong Economy(改革美国移民增强经济法案)”的首字母。该提案得到总统川普的支持。
移民改革提案并没有得到全部共和党人的支持,也因此很难在国会通过。具有影响力的共和党人,如参议院议员Lindsey Graham与RonJohnson就反对这一提案。
在这样的大环境下,EB-5业界普遍希望知道:这一新提案究竟怎样重新设计了EB-5项目呢?我们在此简要总结了新提案对EB-5整体环境及具体问题的设计:
RAISE移民改革提案提议大幅消减合法移民
所有以工作为基础的绿卡申请类别,包括投资移民,将被全面改革,由积分制取代
申请人需要得到不少于30分,才能移民美国
在美国新商业企业中投资135万美元,可以得到6分
在美国新商业企业中投资180万美元,可以得到12分
无论在投资135万还是180万的情况下,投资人必须维持投资长达3年
无论在投资135万还是180万的情况下,投资人必须积极管理所投资的公司,并将管理公司作为主要工作
取消目前存在的多样化移民抽签签证,该签证类型每年有55000个名额
积分制已在其他国家,如加拿大、英国与澳大利亚使用。
RAISE移民改革提案对EB-5投资者来讲,最大的障碍在于“积极管理”的角色。EB-5项目飞快发展成为美国经济的一项重要资金来源,其原因之一就是最低的管理要求。投资者不能完全的不管公司经营,但也没有要求其具有积极的管理职责。毫无疑问,积极管理公司的要求将严重消减投资移民项目的可用性。该项目将更加适用于企业家,而非投资者。
再次需要强调的是,虽然共和党人一直希望设立积分制度,但是这一提案向前推进的可能性微乎其微。保守派媒体 Federalist评论称:“如果RAISE移民改革提案得以最终实施,其结果将更加严重。因为高科技企业将在招聘员工的过程中遭遇新的困难,从而使中、印、欧洲在与美国的商业竞争中占据优势。……总体移民数量会减少,但非法移民也许会更多。”
同时,长期重新授权EB-5项目及增加签证名额解决排期,才是当前的呼声。
原文:
On August 1, 2017, Senators Tom Cotton (R-Arkansas) and Sonny Perdue (R-Georgia) introduced a bill to significantly cut legalimmigration. The bill is called the RAISEAct and it stands for Reforming American Immigration for a Strong EconomyAct. The bill has President Trump’s support.
The bill does not have the support of all the Republicansand so is not likely to move forward. Influential republicans like SenatorLindsey Graham and RonJohnson oppose the RAISE Act.
However, the EB-5 community understandably has questionsabout how this bill would treat EB-5. The below is a quick summary including general and specific EB-5 related highlights:
The RAISE Act significantly reduces legalimmigration.
All employment based categories, including EB-5,are eliminated and replaced with a points system.
Applicants need 30 points or higher to immigrateto the US.
Investors get 6 points if they invest $1.35million in a US new commercial enterprise.
Investors get 12 points if they invest $1.8million in a US new commercial enterprise.
In both cases, $1.35 million or $1.8 million,investors must maintain the investment for at least 3 years.
In both cases, $1.35 million or $1.8 million,investors must *actively manage the commercial enterprise as their primaryoccupation*.
Eliminates Diversity Visas, currently allocated55,000 visas per year.
The points system is used in other countries, ex:Canada, UK, and Australia.
A majorbarrier presented in the RAISE Act relating to EB-5 investors is the “activemanagement” aspect. One of the key factors contributing to the EB-5 program’sgrowth as a significant source of development capital is the minimal managementrequirement. Investors cannot be entirely passive, but they are not required tohave an active management role. Without question, an active managementrequirement would significantly curtail the EB-5 program’s use and usefulnessby limiting the program to entrepreneurs as opposed to including investors.
Again, the bill is not likely to moveforward, although Republicans favor the points system generally. TheFederalist, a conservative publication, statesthat if the “RAISE Act were made law as it stands now, the consequences wouldbe dire as advanced companies faced new barriers in hiring workers, making iteasier for our competitors in China, India, and Europe to beat us in trade. …Total immigration would be reduced, but illegal immigration would probablyrise. Overall, the American economy would suffer, even its blue-collar workers.”
In the meantime, there is a critical needfor long-term EB-5 program reauthorization and visa capacity to support demandand reduce backlog.
作者:Carolyn Lee
转自:MillerMayer律师事务所微信公众号
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