何谓“三净肉”？
中英文连载
《The Right View》(137)
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WHY VEGETARIAN?
》
《素食的意义》
The Theravada Standpoint
一、小乘的观点
According to the Theravadin Vinaya, during the time of the Buddha, there was a layperson, a village head, who had many hunters working as his subordinates. Before he was enlightened, the hunters used to offer him large amount of meat from their hunt. After receiving some teachings from Shakyamuni Buddha, he eventually attained realization of the Hinayana path of seeing and stopped eating meat. However, his subordinates continued to hunt and offer him meat. He would instead offer the meat to the monastics whenever they came begging for alms. Once the monastics ate the offered meat, some non-Buddhists then began to attack them by saying, “Even laypersons do not eat them, but the disciples of Shakyamuni Buddha took those meats. This is outrageous!” On hearing this, some bhikshus，seeking the Buddha’s advice, asked, “What should we do about these comments from others now that we are eating meat?” The Buddha then set the rule of eating only the three kinds of clean flesh of which some special requirements were also laid down. That is, the meat of snake, dog, horse and ox were not to be eaten even if they had met the standards of the three kinds of clean meat. Because Indians, during the time of the Buddha, considered the meat of these animals unclean like human meat. To date, the Southern Buddhist tradition still upholds this rule.
小乘的律经里讲，释迦牟尼佛住世时，有一在家人是个村长，他的手下有很多猎人。在他没有证悟时，猎人们靠打猎供养他很多的肉吃。后来，释迦牟尼佛给他传法，他证悟了小乘的见道，从此就不吃肉了。手下的猎人依旧打猎供养，当有出家人来化缘时，他就把肉供养给他们。出家人吃了这肉，外道就开始诽谤说：“那些肉在家人都不吃，释迦牟尼佛的弟子却吃，太不像话了。”这话传到释迦牟尼佛那里，有些比丘就请示佛陀：“现在我们吃肉，外面有这样的说法，我们应该怎么办？”从那时起，释迦牟尼佛就规定三净肉可以吃，除此之外的肉都不能吃。在三净肉里面也有一些特殊规定，即蛇、狗、马、黄牛的肉不能吃。因为在佛住世时的印度，人们认为蛇、狗、马、黄牛的肉和人肉一样是非常不干净的，所以佛就规定这些肉即使是三净肉也不能吃。至今，南传佛教还是坚持吃三净肉。
Should one practice only Theravada and none of the exoteric or esoteric practices of Mahayana, eating the three kinds of clean flesh will not violate the earliest teachings of the Buddha.
如果我们只学小乘而不学大乘显密教法，则吃三净肉也不违背佛最早所说的教义。
What are the definitions of the three kinds of clean meat? First, I did not see with my own eyes that the animal was killed for me; second, I did not hear from someone I trust that it was killed specifically for me; third，I myself have no doubt that it was not killed specially for me. For example, the meat sold at the market is for all meat eaters, not for me alone, so it is to be deemed clean meat. Or, when being a guest of a Tibetan house, the host would usually kill a sheep to honor the guest. The Chinese would more likely want to kill chickens, fish, rabbits and the likes for the same occasion. These are not clean meat. The rule of Theravada stipulates that only the three kinds of clean flesh are permitted for consumption; others are not.
什么是三净肉？这里的三净是指：第一，没有亲眼看到为我而杀；第二，没有听到我信任的人说这是专门为我而杀的；第三，自己没有怀疑这是专门为我而杀的。比如，市场上的肉是为了提供给所有吃肉的人，不是专门为我杀的，所以是三净肉。又如，到藏族人家里作客，他们会特意宰杀绵羊款待客人，汉族人就专门爱为客人杀鸡、鱼、兔等，这些都不是三净肉。小乘就是这样要求：三清净的肉可以吃，非三清净的不可以吃。
未完待续
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