美国《华尔街日报》公布美国贸易谈判《条件清单》

《条件清单》指出，“中国要立即停止对中国制造 2025 扭曲市场的补贴和其他形式的政府支持，因为这样可能会造成这些行业产能过剩。”

标题

Balancing the trade relationship between the united states of America and the people’s republic of China

平衡中美之间的贸易关系

正文

There is an immediate need for the United States and China to reduce the U.S. trade deficit with China by ensuring that China’s market is open to United States traders and investors on a fair and non-discriminatory basis.

需要立即减少美国对中国的贸易赤字，确保中国市场在公平和非歧视的基础上，对美国的出口商和投资者开放。

第一部分  减少贸易赤字

China commits to work with Chinese importers to engage in trade transactions to achieve targets to which the Parties agree.

中国承诺和中国进口商一起促进进口，来满足中美达成的协议。

These transactions are specifically designed to reduce the United States-China trade deficit by $100 billion in the twelve （12） months beginning June 1, 2018.

从 2018 年 6 月 1 日开始的 12 个月以内，中国需要减少 1000 亿美元的对美贸易顺差。

and an additional $100 billion in the twelve （12） months beginning June 1, 2019, such that the U.S. trade deficit with China will have decreased compared to 2018 by at least $200 billion by the end of 2020.

从 2019 年 6 月 1 日开始，中国继续在 12 个月以内减少第二个 1000 亿美元的对美贸易顺差。

China’s purchase of U.S. goods will represent at least 75% of China’s commitment to a $100 billion increase in purchases of U.S. exports for the twelve months beginning June 1, 2018, and atleast 50% of China

中国承诺，从 2018 年 6 月 1 日 -2019 年 5 月 31 日新增进口 1000 亿美元中，至少 75% 是购买美国商品；自 2019 年 6 月 1 日开始的第二个 1000 亿美元，至少 50% 是购买美国商品。

第二部分：保护美国知识产权

（a） China immediately will cease providing market-distorting subsidies and other types of government support that can contribute to the creation or maintenance of excess capacity in the industries targeted by the Made in China 2025 industrial plan;

（a）中国立即停止对中国制造 2025 扭曲市场的补贴和其他形式的政府支持，因为这样可能会造成这些行业产能过剩。

（b）by January 1, 2019, China will eliminate specified policies and practices with respect to technology transfer;

（b）截至 2019 年 1 月 1 日，中国将消除有关技术转让的特定政策和做法。

（c） China will take immediate, verifiable steps to ensure the cessation of Chinese government conducted, Chinese government-sponsored, and Chinese government-tolerated cyber intrusions into U.S. commercial networks and cyber-enabled theft targeting intellectual property, trade secrets and confidential business information held by U.S.companies;

（c）中国立即采取可验证的手段，确保停止中国政府指挥、赞助和默许的，入侵美国公司商业网络，并通过网络攻击盗取美国公司知识产权、商业机密和贸易机密的行为。

（d） China will strengthen specified intellectual property rights protection and enforcement;

（d）中国将加强知识产权保护和执法力度

（e） by January 1, 2019, China will eliminate the provisions of the Regulations on the Administration of the Import and Export of Technologies and the Regulations on the Implementation of the Law on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures identified in the U.S. request for WTO consultations in China 

（e）到 2019 年 1 月，中国取消对技术进出口管理的相关规定，同时取消关于执行中外合资企业法中的条款的规定，这些规定美国曾提出在 WTO 和中国磋商，目的是为了保护知识产权。

（f）by July 1, 2018, China will withdraw its request for WTO consultations in United States – Tariff Measures on Certain Goods from China （DS543） and will take no further action related to this matter under the WTO Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes （“DSU”）。 In addition,China will not take any retaliatory action, whether in the form of tariffs on imports of U.S. products or in any other form, including unwarranted sanitary and phytosanitary （“SPS”） measures, unwarranted technical barriers to trade（“TBT”） measures, antidumpting and countervailing duties, and discriminatory inspection, quarantine and testing practices directed at imports of U.S. agricultural products, in response to actions taken or to be taken by the United States,including any new U.S. restrictions on investments or imports. China immediately will cease all retaliatory actions currently being pursued. China agrees to immediately cease the targeting of American technology and intellectual property through cyber operations, economic espionage,counterfeiting, and piracy. China also agrees to abide by U.S. export controllaws.

（f）2018 年 7 月 1 日，中国撤回在 WTO 要求和美国就从中国进口商品征收关税进行磋商的要求，同时中国不再在 WTO 的规定框架和条款下对美方采取更多行动。

除此之外，对美国新提出的限制进口和限制中国投资措施，中国不能以各种手段对美方进行报复，包括对美方进口商品征收关税，以及对美国进口的农产品采取不必要的卫生和植物检验措施，设置不必要的技术性贸易壁垒，进行反倾销反补贴调查，以及歧视性的检查，检疫和测试等等。中国立即停止现有正在计划中的报复行为，同时中国同意立即停止对美国技术和知识产权的网络窃取、经济间谍、仿制和盗取。

中国同意遵守美国的出口管制法律。

第三部分  对敏感技术的投资限制

In light of China’s prevailing investment restrictions and state-directed investment in sensitive U.S. technology sectors, including industrial plans such as Made in China 2025, China confirms that it will not oppose, challenge, or otherwise retaliate against the United States

按照中国盛行的投资管制和国家导向的对美国敏感技术的收购，包括中国制造 2025 计划，中国确认不会对美国限制中国投资事关美国国家安全的敏感技术领域的行为进行报复。

第四部分  美国在中国的投资

China recognizes that China should not distort trade through investment restrictions, and that any investment restrictions or conditions imposed by China must be narrow and transparent.

U.S. investors in China must be afforded fair, effective and non-discriminatory market access and treatment, including removal of the application of foreign investment restrictions and foreign ownership/shareholding requirements. In furtherance of these principles, China will issue an improved nationwide negative list for foreign investment by July 1, 2018. Within ninety （90） days of the date on which China issues this negative list, the United States will identify existing investment restrictions that deny U.S. investors fair, effective and non-discriminatory market access and treatment. Following receipt of the U.S. list of identified restrictions, China is to act expeditiously to remove all identified investment restrictions on a timetable to be decided by the United States and China.

中国要认识到中国不能通过投资限制来扭曲正常贸易关系，中国任何有关投资的限制和条件都必须限定范围并且实现透明化。

在中国的美国投资者需要能够拥有公平有效、不被歧视的获得市场准入，包括去除针对外资的各种投资申请限制，外资企业股权比例和所有权要求，中国需要在 2018 年 7 月 1 日发布改进后的全国范围内的负面清单，美国将在 90 天内清查出目前已有的，对美国投资者获取公平有效和非歧视市场准入待遇不利的投资限制条款，中国需要在收到美方提出的这些条款后，根据中美约定的时间表进行清除。

第五部分  关税和非关税壁垒

China’s tariffs and non-tariff barriers are significantly higher than those of the United States for most tradable goods.China commits to address U.S. concerns relating to tariffs and non-tariff barriers as follows: （a） by July 1, 2020, China will reduce its tariffs on all products in non-critical sectors to levels that are no higher than the levels of the United States’corresponding tariffs; and （b） China will remove specified non-tariff barriers. China also recognizes that the United States may impose import restrictions and tariffs on products in critical sectors, including sectors identified in the Made in China 2025 industrial plan.

中国的关税和非关税壁垒显著的美国同类商品，中国根据美方关切做以下承诺

（a） 到 2020 年 7 月 1 日，中国把所有非关键领域的产品关税降到和美国同等的水平。

（b） 中国去除特定的非关税壁垒，中国同时认识到美国可能对关键领域产品实施进口限制和关税壁垒，包括中国制造 2025 年的内容。

第六部分  美国服务和服务提供商

In order to achieve fair treatment with respect to U.S. services and services suppliers, China commits to improve access to its market in specified ways.

中国承诺对美国服务和服务提供商扩大市场开放

第七部分 美国农产品

In order to achieve fair treatment with respect to U.S. agricultural products, China commits to improve access to its market in specified ways.

中国承诺对美国农产品扩大市场开放

第八部分  执行

China and the United States will meet quarterly to review progress in meeting agreed targets and reforms.

中美每季度开会讨论协议执行情况。

In the event that the United States considers that China fails to comply with any of China’s commitments in this Framework, including deficit targets, China acknowledges the likelihood that the United States will impose additional tariffs or other import restriction son Chinese products, or on the supply of services or investment, to such extent as the United States deems appropriate. China also understands that it will not oppose, challenge or take any form of action against the United States’ imposition of additional tariffs or restrictions pursuant to this paragraph,including action pursuant to the DSU.

如果美国认为中方没有能够履行框架的承诺，包括赤字目标，中国认可美国将会采取额外的关税或者其他针对中国商品的进口限制措施，或者对中国投资和服务进行限制。

中国同时不会采取反对、挑战或者其他任何形式的行为反对美国根据本段内容附加的关税和其他限制措施，同时中国不会在 WTO 发起贸易争端申诉。

China will withdraw its WTO complaints regarding designations of China as a non-market economy by the United States and European Union （United States – Measures Related to Price Comparison Methodologies （DS515）， European Union – Measures Related to Price Comparison Methodologies （DS516）） and will refrain from challenging the treatment of China as a non-market economy under the DSU in the future.

中国在 WTO 撤回对欧盟和美国把中国列为非市场国家的申诉。

Additionally, within 15 days of receiving written notice of a prohibited product that may have been transshipped through one or more countries, with or without modification, China will provide full details of every such shipment to the suspected destination or destinations. If China fails to do so, or the information reveals that transshipping is occuring, the United States will impose tariffs equal to the amount of suspected transshipments.

除此之外，如果美方收到中国通过第三国转运禁止进口商品的消息，中国需要在 15 天之内提供转运货物的详细信息包括每艘船的目的地，如果中国没有做到，或者信息显示中国有通过第三国的转运行为，美国将会针对转运货物价值相等的部分征收关税。

China understands that if it fails to uphold any commitment under this Framework for Discussion, it is likely that the United States will impose tariffs on imports from China, and, where appropriate in the case of China’s commitments under subsection （c） of Section 2 or the last paragraph in Section 2, U.S. Customs and Border Protection will confiscate counterfeit and pirated goods or levy tariffs to compensate the United States for its lost technologies and intellectual property. China commits to not take any retaliatory action in response to the imposition of tariffs or confiscations by the United States pursuant to this Section.

中文：中国明确知晓如果没有能执行框架协议里的承诺，美国将会进一步征收进口关税。

如果中国违反了第二条有关知识产权部分的内容，美国海关和边境检察官有权没收假冒伪劣产品或者征收更重关税来弥补美国技术的损失。中国承诺不会采取任何报复行动。

来源：观察者网风闻社区

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