拜登谈他的对华政策

《美中关系快报》

第87期

作者｜斯韧   

来源｜本文为中美印象原创作品，转发或者引用请注明来源

当选总统拜登《对纽约时报》的专栏作家弗里德曼说，他不会马上取消特朗普政府对中国出口美国一半以上的商品增收的25%的关税，也不会废除与中国签署的第一阶段贸易协议。这一协议包括中国在2020年到2021年采购2000亿美国的商品和服务的条款。目前中国的实际采购与承诺的数额相差甚远。

拜登说，“我不会马上采取任何措施，包括关税在内。我不想限制自己的选项。”

他计划对特朗普政府的对华政策做一个全面评判，并与美国在欧洲与亚洲的盟友积极磋商。拜登说，“只有这样，我们才能制定一个前后一致（coherent）的策略。”

拜登还说，“最好的对华政策是我们全部的盟国，至少那些曾经是我们的盟国，能形成共识的政策。这是我的当务之急。我就职后几个星期会尽快与盟国达成共识。”

弗里德曼说，中国的领导人并不喜欢特朗普，但是他们心理清楚，只要特朗普是总统，美国就无法建立一个对付中国的统一战线。拜登的策略如果成功，那对中国不是什么好事。

特朗普只盯着中国对美的贸易顺差不放，尽管发动了贸易战，但是所得甚少。拜登说他的目的是制定可以让中国改变自己行为的贸易政策，这些行为包括窃取知识产权、倾销商品、对企业的非法补贴和强迫美国公司向对口的中国企业转让技术。

拜登最后说，与中国打交道，手里必须“有好牌”，但是在我看来，“我们现在没有。”要拿到好牌，我们自己必须有两党都认同的、有效的、以前屡试不爽的工业政策—即由政府主导的、大规模的对研发、基础设施和教育的投资。只有这样我们才能更好地与中国竞争，抱怨于事无补。

弗里德曼说，民主党和共和党的参议员已经起草了制定这一战略的议案。美国的半导体工业一直为此在游说。

《金融时报》今天报道说，当选总统拜登正在考虑是不是在国安会设立一个中国问题总管（tsar）。亚洲在全球的地位越来越重要，中国的挑战越来越尖锐，必要有合适的人和机构才能与盟国协同作业，一道推进美国的利益和价值。拜登任命的国安会顾问苏利文目前正在积极考虑此事。

附：

英文版报道

一、纽约时报，NYT (20201202）

On China, he said he would not act immediately to remove the 25 percent tariffs that Trump imposed on about half of China’s exports to the United States — or the Phase 1 agreement Trump inked with China that requires Beijing to purchase some $200 billion in additional U.S. goods and services during the period 2020 and 2021 — which China has fallen significantly behind on.

“I’m not going to make any immediate moves, and the same applies to the tariffs,” he said. “I’m not going to prejudice my options.”

He first wants to conduct a full review of the existing agreement with China and consult with our traditional allies in Asia and Europe, he said, “so we can develop a coherent strategy.”

“The best China strategy, I think, is one which gets every one of our — or at least what used to be our — allies on the same page. It’s going to be a major priority for me in the opening weeks of my presidency to try to get us back on the same page with our allies.”

China’s leaders had their issues with Trump, but they knew that as long as he was president, the United States could never galvanize a global coalition against them. Biden’s strategy, if he can pull it off, will not be welcome news for China.

While Trump was focused on the trade deficit with China, with little success, despite his trade war, Biden said his “goal would be to pursue trade policies that actually produce progress on China’s abusive practices — that’s stealing intellectual property, dumping products, illegal subsidies to corporations” and forcing “tech transfers” from American companies to their Chinese counterparts.

When dealing with China, Biden concluded, it is all about “leverage,” and “in my view, we don’t have it yet.” Part of generating more leverage, though, is developing a bipartisan consensus at home for some good old American industrial policy — massive, government-led investments in American research and development, infrastructure and education to better compete with China — and not just complain about it. Both Democratic and Republican senators have draft bills calling for such a strategy. The U.S. semiconductor industry in particular has been lobbying for such an

二、金融时报，FT（20201202）

President-elect Joe Biden is considering naming a White House 'Asia tsar' on the National Security Council, a move that signals the region's importance in tackling challenges from China, the Financial Times newspaper said on Tuesday.

Biden's administration would appoint the "right people and structures" to promote US interests and values alongside its allies, it said, citing a transition team official.

The Financial Times reported that five people familiar with the debate inside the Biden transition team said he was weighing the option to create the role in the National Security Council. Establishing the position would underscore how the region has become even more critical since the Obama administration’s “Asia pivot”.

The tsar role is one of several ideas being considered by Jake Sullivan, the incoming national security adviser. Any move would reflect how US-China relations have become more complicated and tense during the presidency of Donald Trump and since Mr Biden left his position as vice-president four years ago. It would also highlight the challenges Washington and its allies face dealing with an increasing assertive China.

Biden's transition team did not immediately respond to a Reuters request for comment.

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