毛泽东化的军队是怎样的？

李克勤（jixuie）题记：2013年7月24日肖裕声少将，在人民网接受访谈时再次说了这句话——美军不怕中国军队现代化，怕的是中国军队毛泽东化。毛泽东化的军队是怎样的呢？

先看少将的原话：

【美军西点军校学者在总结朝鲜战争的经验教训时，反复说了一句话：美军不怕中国军队现代化，怕的是中国军队毛泽东化。这是不争的事实。当时，朝鲜战局的变化震惊了全世界。各国记者纷纷撰文报道中国军队胜利的消息，他们在猜测中国军队是靠什么战胜了强大的“联合国军”？这就是中国有了毛泽东思想的武装，这是我们看家本钱。】

参见：

http://dangshi.people.com.cn/n/2013/0724/c85037-22303650.html

这里把将军的话在往前推进一步，毛泽东思想武装部队的过程，以及武装的结果，那种状态是什么样的？那就是毛泽东化的军队。

这支毛泽东化的军队，不是毛泽东的私有财产，而是服从党的领导和指挥，属于人民的军队。

这个性质，也说明这支军队具有独特的文化——毛泽东文化。

毛泽东文化好在优、善、易、强、圆、应上。毛泽东文化，是毛泽东之道的器化，有理论，有思想，更有鲜活的实践。

毛泽东文化，是一个充满生机与活力的文化大系统。军队是这个系统里的一个子系统。美军怕的就是这样的一个子系统。其实这个子系统不会单独存在。

相应地，毛泽东化的军队当然就优、善、易、强、圆、应。

毛主席培养的人民军队是世界上最优秀的军队，能够打败世界上最强大的军队，同时这支军队对老百姓善，对弱者从不逞强。

这支军队易识别，易认可，在发展壮大过程中易实践。

这支军队听党指挥，服务人民，时时刻刻都准备圆满完成党和人民交给的任务。

在人民最困难时，最需要帮助时，这支军队必然会相应的。

这支军队的毛泽东化过程，无疑是毛主席将文化赋予其身上的过程。这本身就是毛泽东文化的内容。

这里举个例子，在毛泽东文集第三卷有《关于陕甘宁边区的文化教育问题

(一九四四年三月二十二日)》。

1944年3月，中共中央召开宣传工作会议，毛主席在这次会议上作了讲话，对军队文化教育作了深刻生动的阐述。

毛主席在会上讲，当时的边区环境是“今年比去年好，摩擦仗大概是不会打了”，对于边区老早就提出来的“战争、生产、教育”口号，毛主席认为，“边区在没有战争的条件下，直接的任务就是生产和教育两项”。边区的生产已经有了进步，教育和文化工作就更应该提出来了。

毛主席特别指出：“军队也有教育，有政治教育、军事教育、文化教育。”总结过去的经验，我们党在内战时期和抗战初期学会了打仗，所以在政治、军事这两门上比较熟悉。但是，对于文化这一门，毛主席的评价是：“也不是很有成绩。”在不留情面的评价之后，毛主席继续说：“过去中央苏区也搞过文化，比如说有海军舞，在座的同志也有看过的，也有识字组，办过报，办过学习，但不能说全党都学会了”。

所以，“文化方面还有很多事要做，要搞识字组，搞唱歌，搞春联，等等”。

文化的力量有多大？毛泽东给大家举了个“文化”发挥作用的例子：“有一个秧歌叫《赵富贵》，还有一个秧歌叫《张治国》，听说在吴起镇演出后，警三旅有一个士兵把自己的手捆起来，跑到连长那里请求处罚。为什么要请求处罚？他说‘我想开小差，不但自己想开小差，还想组织别人开小差’，还讲出在他棉衣里缝了多少法币。他要求处罚，他自己讲出来了，当然也就不处罚了。”

毛泽东说，这就是我们的文化的力量。

文化和政治、经济、军事之间的关系是什么？毛主席讲：“它是政治、经济的反映，又指导政治、经济；它反映军事，又指导军事。”落实到当时边区的发展情况，毛主席分析说：“我看如果不发展文化，我们的经济、政治、军事都要受到阻碍。现在我们是被拖住了脚，落后的东西拖住了好的东西，比如不识字、不会算账，妨碍了我们的经济、政治、军事的发展。假如我们都能识字，文化高一点，那我们就会更快地前进。所以我提议，从现在起，我们就要提出发展文化这个问题，请大家考虑考虑，调查研究一下。”

那么，文化对于军事、军队有多重要？把文化具体到知识，毛主席说：“革命军队除了要有革命精神，没有知识也不行。如果军队没有知识，文化、政治水平不提高，那么这个军队的质量也不可能提高。”

文化对于军事、军队的重要性，被毛主席一再阐释、反复强调。毛主席在这次会上的讲话是这样结尾的：“20多年以来，我们党首先学会了政治，后来又学会了军事，去年学会了经济建设，今年要学会文化建设。如果文化建设取得伟大的成就，那我们就又学会了一项很大的本领，陕甘宁边区就可以在全国成为更好的模范！”

参见：

http://dangshi.people.com.cn/n1/2017/0703/c85037-29377756.html

一支有文化的军队，不是随便可以搞出来的。

具有毛泽东文化的军队，就是毛泽东化的军队。

毛主席在《论联合政府》里的名言：

【这个军队之所以有力量，是因为所有参加这个军队的人，都具有自觉的纪律；他们不是为着少数人的或狭隘集团的私利，而是为着广大人民群众的利益，为着全民族的利益，而结合，而战斗的。紧紧地和中国人民站在一起，全心全意地为中国人民服务，就是这个军队的唯一的宗旨。

　　在这个宗旨下面，这个军队具有一往无前的精神，它要压倒一切敌人，而决不被敌人所屈服。不论在任何艰难困苦的场合，只要还有一个人，这个人就要继续战斗下去。 

　　在这个宗旨下面，这个军队有一个很好的内部和外部的团结。在内部——官兵之间，上下级之间，军事工作、政治工作和后勤工作之间；在外部——军民之间，军政之间，我友之间，都是团结一致的。一切妨害团结的现象，都在必须克服之列。 

　　在这个宗旨下面，这个军队有一个正确的争取敌军官兵和处理俘虏的政策。对于敌方投诚的、反正的、或在放下武器后愿意参加反对共同敌人的人，一概表示欢迎，并给予适当的教育。对于一切俘虏，不许杀害、虐待和侮辱。 

　　在这个宗旨下面，这个军队形成了为人民战争所必需的一系列的战略战术。它善于按照变化着的具体条件从事机动灵活的游击战争，也善于作运动战。 

　　在这个宗旨下面，这个军队形成了为人民战争所必需的一系列的政治工作，其任务是为团结我军，团结友军，团结人民，瓦解敌军和保证战斗胜利而斗争。 

　　在这个宗旨下面，在游击战争的条件下，全军都可以并且已经是这样做了：利用战斗和训练的间隙，从事粮食和日用必需品的生产，达到军队自给、半自给或部分自给之目的，借以克服经济困难，改善军队生活和减轻人民负担。在各个军事根据地上，也利用了一切可能性，建立了许多小规模的军事工业。 

　　这个军队之所以有力量，还由于有人民自卫军和民兵这样广大的群众武装组织，和它一道配合作战。在中国解放区内，一切青年、壮年的男人和女人，都在自愿的民主的和不脱离生产的原则下，组织在抗日人民自卫军之中。自卫军中的精干分子，除加入军队和游击队者外，则组织在民兵的队伍中。没有这些群众武装力量的配合，要战胜敌人是不可能的。 

　　这个军队之所以有力量，还由于它将自己划分为主力兵团和地方兵团两部分，前者可以随时执行超地方的作战任务，后者的任务则固定在协同民兵、自卫军保卫地方和进攻当地敌人方面。这种划分，取得了人民的真心拥护。如果没有这种正确的划分，例如说，如果只注意主力兵团的作用，忽视地方兵团的作用，那末，在中国解放区的条件下，要战胜敌人也是不可能的。在地方兵团方面，组织了许多经过良好训练，在军事、政治、民运各项工作上说来都是比较地更健全的武装工作队，深入敌后之敌后，打击敌人，发动民众的抗日斗争，借以配合各个解放区正面战线的作战，收到了很大的成效。 

　　在中国解放区，在民主政府领导之下，号召一切抗日人民组织在工人的、农民的、青年的、妇女的、文化的和其他职业和工作的团体之中，热烈地从事援助军队的各项工作。这些工作不但包括动员人民参加军队，替军队运输粮食，优待抗日军人家属，帮助军队解决物质困难，而且包括动员游击队、民兵和自卫军，展开袭击运动和爆炸运动，侦察敌情，清除奸细，运送伤兵和保护伤兵，直接帮助军队的作战。同时，全解放区人民又热烈地从事政治、经济、文化、卫生各项建设工作。在这方面，最重要的是动员全体人民从事粮食和日用品的生产，并使一切机关、学校，除有特殊情形者外，一律于工作或学习之暇，从事生产自给，以配合人民和军队的生产自给，造成伟大的生产热潮，借以支持长期的抗日战争。在中国解放区，敌人的摧残是异常严重的；水、旱、虫灾，也时常发生。但是，解放区民主政府领导全体人民，有组织地克服了和正在克服着各种困难，灭蝗、治水、救灾的伟大群众运动，收到了史无前例的效果，使抗日战争能够长期地坚持下去。总之，一切为着前线，一切为着打倒日本侵略者和解放中国人民，这就是中国解放区全体军民的总口号、总方针。 

　　这就是真正的人民战争。只有这种人民战争，才能战胜民族敌人。国民党之所以失败，就是因为它拚命地反对人民战争。 

　　中国解放区的军队一旦得到新式武器的装备，它就会更加强大，就能够最后地打败日本侵略者了。

This army is powerful because all its members have a discipline based on political consciousness; they have come together and they fight not for the private interests of a few individuals or a narrow clique, but for the interests of the broad masses and of the whole nation. The sole purpose of this army is to stand firmly with the Chinese people and to serve them whole-heartedly. 

Guided by this purpose, this army has an indomitable spirit and is determined to vanquish all enemies and never to yield. No matter what the difficulties and hardships, so long as a single man remains, he will fight on. 

Guided by this purpose, this army has achieved remarkable unity in its own ranks and with those outside its ranks. Internally, there is unity between officers and men, between the higher and lower ranks, and between military work, political work and rear service work, and externally, there is unity between the army and the people, between the army and government organizations, and between our army and the friendly armies. It is imperative to overcome anything that impairs this unity. 

Guided by this purpose, this army has a correct policy for winning over enemy officers and men and for dealing with prisoners of war. Without exception all members of the enemy forces who surrender, who come over to our side or who, after laying down their arms, wish to join in fighting the common foe, are welcomed and given proper education. It is forbidden to kill, maltreat or insult any prisoner of war. 

Guided by this purpose, this army has built up a system of strategy and tactics which is essential for the people's war. It is skilled in flexible guerrilla warfare conducted in accordance with the changing concrete conditions and is also skilled in mobile warfare. 

Guided by this purpose, this army has built up a system of political work which is essential for the people's war and is aimed at promoting unity in its own ranks, unity with the friendly armies and unity with the people, and at disintegrating the enemy forces and ensuring victory in battle. 

Guided by this purpose, the entire army, operating under conditions of guerrilla warfare, is able to utilize, and has in fact utilized, the intervals between battles and between training periods to produce grain and other necessities, thus becoming wholly, half or at least partly self-supporting, so that economic difficulties are overcome, living conditions improved and the burden on the people lightened. Every possibility has been exploited to establish a number of small-scale armament works in various military base areas. 

Furthermore, this army is powerful because it has the people's self-defence corps and the militia--the vast armed organizations of the masses--fighting in co-ordination with it. In the Liberated Areas of China all men and women, from youth to middle age, are organized in the people's anti-Japanese self-defence corps on a voluntary and democratic basis and without giving up their work in production. The cream of the self-defence corps, except for those who join the army or the guerrilla units, is brought into the militia. Without the cooperation of these armed forces of the masses it would be impossible to defeat the enemy. 

Finally, this army is powerful because of its division into two parts, the main forces and the regional forces, with the former available for operations in any region whenever necessary and the latter concentrating on defending their own localities and attacking the enemy there in co-operation with the local militia and the self-defence corps. This division of labour has won the whole-hearted support of the people. Without this correct division of labour--if, for example, attention were paid only to the role of the main forces while that of the regional forces were neglected--it would likewise be impossible to defeat the enemy in the conditions obtaining in China's Liberated Areas. Under the regional forces, numerous armed working teams have been organized, which are well trained and hence better qualified for military, political and mass work; they penetrate into the rearmost areas behind the enemy lines, strike at the enemy and arouse the masses to anti-Japanese struggle, thus giving support to the frontal military operations of the various Liberated Areas. In all this they have achieved great success. 

Under the leadership of their democratic governments, all the anti-Japanese people in the Liberated Areas of China are called upon to join organizations of workers, peasants, youth and women, and cultural, professional and other organizations, which will wholeheartedly perform various tasks in support of the armed forces. Those tasks are not limited to rallying the people to join the army, transporting grain for it, caring for soldiers' families and helping the troops in meeting their material needs. They also include mobilizing the guerrilla units, militia and self-defence corps to make widespread raids and lay land mines against the enemy, gather intelligence about him, comb out traitors and spies, transport and protect the wounded and take direct part in the army's operations. At the same time, the people in all the Liberated Areas are enthusiastically taking up various kinds of political, economic, cultural and health work. The most important thing in this connection is to mobilize everybody for the production of grain and other necessities and to ensure that all government institutions and schools, except in special cases, devote their free time to production for their own support in order to supplement the self-suffidency production campaigns of the army and the people and thus help to create a great upsurge of production to sustain the protracted War of Resistance. In China's Liberated Areas, the enemy has wrought great havoc, and floods, droughts and damage by insect pests have been frequent. However, the democratic governments there have been leading the people in overcoming these difficulties in an organized way, and unprecedented results have been achieved by the great mass campaigns for pest extermination, flood control and disaster relief, thus making it possible to persevere in the protracted War of Resistance. In a word, everything for the front, everything for the defeat of the Japanese aggressors and for the liberation of the Chinese people--this is the general slogan, the general policy for the whole army and the whole people in the Liberated Areas of China. 

Such is a real people's war. Only by waging such a people's war can we defeat the national enemy. The Kuomintang has failed precisely because of its desperate opposition to a people's war. 

Once it is equipped with modern weapons, the army of China's Liberated Areas will become still more powerful and will be able to accomplish the final defeat of the Japanese aggressors. 】

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