《特赦1959》：所长人选妙在何处？【组图】

李克勤（jixuie）题记：《特赦1959》第一集，在毛主席为改造战犯作了大手笔规划后，周总理与公安部长罗瑞卿就谈及功德林战犯管理所的工作人员，要求要“调集精兵强将”。罗部长回来后，立即和杨局长安排做落实工作，可谓雷厉风行。

当杨局长把候选人名单给罗部长看了之后，部长不满意。

这可以说是所长的“岗位说明书”要点，高度概括。罗部长在讲了所长能干什么之后，还补充不能干什么：

寥寥数笔，就把这个所长的形象描绘的栩栩如生，呼之欲出。

罗瑞卿背着手，走了几步，一下子就想起一个人来：

是的，就是他——

《特殊1959》简介视频

功德林战犯管理所所长，当年肯定有这个人，但王英光这个角色，是艺术性的。可这个角色，可圈可点，可亲可敬。

我相信观众很多人会喜欢他。

北京功德林战犯管理所所长王英光，是我党杰出的一位非常有才干，对党无限忠诚的革命战士，在战争年代，他带领妻子去策反国民党军官未果，在返回的路上遭遇了敌人的伏击，他的爱人彭雪为了革命事业英勇地献出了年轻宝贵的生命。

爱人的牺牲对王英光是一个沉重的打击，可是丝毫也没有动摇他对党的忠诚，更加的坚定了他为共产主义事业奋斗的信心，鉴于王英光对党的忠诚和丰富的对敌斗争经验，党组织决定让他担任北京功德林战犯管理所的所长。

王英光所长，概括说就是德才兼备，因此上级欣赏他，同事信任他，战犯最后把他当做自己的主心骨，不是偶然的。

要知道，在那个时候，王英光在我党我军内是很多的。

毛主席的大手笔，就是由以王英光代表的这么一批小人物，从一件一件小事做起，来落实完成的。

还是毛主席的那句名言：

【正确的路线确定以后，干部就是决定因素。】

中国共产党在民族战争中的地位

（一九三八年十月十四日）

　　这是毛泽东主席在中国共产党第六届中央委员会扩大的第六次全体会议上的政治报告《论新阶段》的一部分。这个报告是在一九三八年十月十二日至十四日作的，这一部分是十四日讲的。这次会议批准了以毛泽东为首的党中央政治局的路线，是一次很重要的会议。毛泽东在报告中提出“中国共产党在民族战争中的地位”这一问题，便是为的使全党同志明确地知道并认真地负起中国共产党领导抗日战争的重大历史责任。全会确定了坚持抗日民族统一战线的方针，同时指出了在统一战线中有团结又有斗争，“一切经过统一战线”的提法对于中国情况是不适合的，这样就批判了关于统一战线问题上的迁就主义的错误；毛泽东在这次会议的结论中所讲的“统一战线中的独立自主问题”，就是关于这方面的问题。全会同时又确定了全党从事组织人民的抗日武装斗争的极端重要性，决定党的主要工作方面是战区和敌后，而批判了那种把战胜日本帝国主义的希望寄托于国民党军队以及把人民的命运寄托于国民党反动派统治下的合法运动等项错误思想；毛主席在结论中所讲的“战争和战略问题”，就是关于这一方面的问题。 

 这里摘录其中的《干部政策》

　　中国共产党是在一个几万万人的大民族中领导伟大革命斗争的党，没有多数才德兼备的领导干部，是不能完成其历史任务的。十七年来，我们党已经培养了不少的领导人材，军事、政治、文化、党务、民运各方面，都有了我们的骨干，这是党的光荣，也是全民族的光荣。但是，现有的骨干还不足以支撑斗争的大厦，还须广大地培养人材。在中国人民的伟大的斗争中，已经涌出并正在继续涌出很多的积极分子，我们的责任，就在于组织他们，培养他们，爱护他们，并善于使用他们。政治路线确定之后，干部就是决定的因素⑷。因此，有计划地培养大批的新干部，就是我们的战斗任务。 

　　不但要关心党的干部，还要关心非党的干部。党外存在着很多的人材，共产党不能把他们置之度外。去掉孤傲习气，善于和非党干部共事，真心诚意地帮助他们，用热烈的同志的态度对待他们，把他们的积极性组织到抗日和建国的伟大事业中去，这是每一个共产党员的责任。

　　必须善于识别干部。不但要看干部的一时一事，而且要看干部的全部历史和全部工作，这是识别干部的主要方法。 

　　必须善于使用干部。领导者的责任，归结起来，主要地是出主意、用干部两件事。一切计划、决议、命令、指示等等，都属于“出主意”一类。使这一切主意见之实行，必须团结干部，推动他们去做，属于“用干部”一类。在这个使用干部的问题上，我们民族历史中从来就有两个对立的路线：一个是“任人唯贤”的路线，一个是“任人唯亲”的路线。前者是正派的路线，后者是不正派的路线。共产党的干部政策，应是以能否坚决地执行党的路线，服从党的纪律，和群众有密切的联系，有独立的工作能力，积极肯干，不谋私利为标准，这就是“任人唯贤”的路线。过去张国焘的干部政策与此相反，实行“任人唯亲”，拉拢私党，组织小派别，结果叛党而去，这是一个大教训。鉴于张国焘的和类似张国焘的历史教训，在干部政策问题上坚持正派的公道的作风，反对不正派的不公道的作风，借以巩固党的统一团结，这是中央和各级领导者的重要的责任。 

　　必须善于爱护干部。爱护的办法是：第一，指导他们。这就是让他们放手工作，使他们敢于负责；同时，又适时地给以指示，使他们能在党的政治路线下发挥其创造性。第二，提高他们。这就是给以学习的机会，教育他们，使他们在理论上在工作能力上提高一步。第三，检查他们的工作，帮助他们总结经验，发扬成绩，纠正错误。有委托而无检查，及至犯了严重的错误，方才加以注意，不是爱护干部的办法。第四，对于犯错误的干部，一般地应采取说服的方法，帮助他们改正错误。只有对犯了严重错误而又不接受指导的人们，才应当采取斗争的方法。在这里，耐心是必要的；轻易地给人们戴上“机会主义”的大帽子，轻易地采用“开展斗争”的方法，是不对的。第五，照顾他们的困难。干部有疾病、生活、家庭等项困难问题者，必须在可能限度内用心给以照顾。这些就是爱护干部的方法。 

注释〔4〕一九三四年一月斯大林《在党的第十七次代表大会上关于联共（布）中央工作的总结报告》中说：“在正确的政治路线提出以后，组织工作就决定一切，其中也决定政治路线本身的命运，即决定它的实现或失败。”斯大林在这里说到了正确挑选人才的问题。一九三五年五月斯大林《在克里姆林宫举行的红军学院学员毕业典礼上的讲话》中，提出和说明了“干部决定一切”的口号。（《斯大林选集》下卷，人民出版社1979年版，第343、371页）  

CADRES POLICY 

The Chinese Communist Party is a party leading a great revolutionary struggle in a nation several hundred million strong, and it cannot fulfil its historic task without a large number of leading cadres who combine ability with political integrity. In the last seventeen years our Party has trained a good many competent leaders, so that we have a framework of cadres in military, political, cultural, Party and mass work; all honour is due to the Party and to the nation for this achievement. But the present framework is not yet strong enough to support the vast edifice of our struggle, and it is still necessary to train capable people on a large scale. Many activists have come forward, and are continuing to come forward, in the great struggle of the Chinese people. We have the responsibility for organizing and training them and for taking good care and making proper use of them. Cadres are a decisive factor, once the political line is determined.[1] Therefore, it is our fighting task to train large numbers of new cadres in a planned way. 

Our concern should extend to non-Party cadres as well as to Party cadres. There are many capable people outside the Party whom we must not ignore. The duty of every Communist is to rid himself of aloofness and arrogance and to work well with non-Party cadres, give them sincere help, have a warm, comradely attitude towards them and enlist their initiative in the great cause of resisting Japan and reconstructing the nation. 

We must know how to judge cadres. We must not confine our judgement to a short period or a single incident in a cadre's life, but should consider his life and work as a whole. This is the principal method of judging cadres. 

We must know how to use cadres well. In the final analysis, leadership involves two main responsibilities: to work out ideas, and to use cadres well. Such things as drawing up plans, making decisions, and giving orders and directives, are all in the category of "working out ideas". To put the ideas into practice, we must weld the cadres together and encourage them to go into action; this comes into the category of "using the cadres well". Throughout our national history there have been two sharply contrasting lines on the subject of the use of cadres, one being to "appoint people on their merit", and the other to "appoint people by favouritism". The former is the honest and the latter the dishonest way. The criterion the Communist Party should apply in its cadres policy is whether or not a cadre is resolute in carrying out the Party line, keeps to Party discipline, has close ties with the masses, has the ability to find his bearings independently, and is active, hard-working and unselfish. This is what "appointing people on their merit" means. The cadres policy of Chang Kuo-tao was the exact opposite. Following the line of "appointing people by favouritism," he gathered personal favourites round himself to form a small clique, and in the end he turned traitor to the Party and decamped. This is an important lesson for us. Taking warning from it and from similar historical lessons, the Central Committee and the leaders at all levels must make it their major responsibility to adhere to the honest and fair way in cadres policy and reject the dishonest and unfair way, and so consolidate the unity of the Party. 

We must know how to take good care of cadres. There are several ways of doing so. 

First, give them guidance. This means allowing them a free hand in their work so that they have the courage to assume responsibility and, at the same time, giving them timely instructions so that, guided by the Party's political line, they are able to make full use of their initiative. 

Second, raise their level. This means educating them by giving them the opportunity to study so that they can enhance their theoretical understanding and their working ability. 

Third, check up on their work, and help them sum up their experience, carry forward their achievements and correct their mistakes. To assign work without checking up and to take notice only when serious mistakes are made--that is not the way to take care of cadres. 

Fourth, in general, use the method of persuasion with cadres who have made mistakes, and help them correct their mistakes. The method of struggle should be confined to those who make serious mistakes and nevertheless refuse to accept guidance. Here patience is essential. It is wrong lightly to label people "opportunists" or lightly to begin "waging struggles" against them. 

Fifth, help them with their difficulties. When cadres are in difficulty as a result of illness, straitened means or domestic or other troubles, we must be sure to give them as much care as possible. 

This is how to take good care of cadres. 

NOTES 

1. In his report to the 17th Congress of the C.P.S.U.(B.) in January 1934, Stalin said: ". . . after the correct political line has been laid down, organizational work decides everything, including the fate of the political line itself, its success or failure." (See Problems of Leninism, Eng. ed., FLPH, Moscow, 1954, p. 644.) He also dealt with the question of "proper selection of personnel". In his address in May 1935 delivered in the Kremlin Palace to the graduates from the Red Army Academies, Stalin put forward and explained the Hogan: "Cadres decide everything." (Ibid., 661-62.) In his report to the 18th Congress of the C.P.S.U,(B) in March 1939, Stalin said: "After a correct political line has been worked out and tested in practice, the Party cadres become the decisive force in the leadership exercised by the Party and the state." (Ibid., p. 784.) 

思考题：

干部是怎样的一种人力资源？干部的管理之道，如何感悟，如何从战略层面来掌握？