WLA学生作品 | 孟加拉国水濑的栖息地重塑

《从“家”到“家”》

From “Home” to Home 

团队成员：

Yufei Wang (Huazhong Agricultural University)

Siyi Liang (Huazhong Agricultural University)

Longshu Li (Inner Mongol University of Technology)

Yuxin Chen (Inner Mongol University of Technology)

本期idea

01

危机问题：孟加拉国养殖水濑的生存

水獭拥有着一副可爱的动物形象，它们曾经与人类有着密切的关系。“水獭捕鱼”是一种特殊的捕鱼技术，它利用训练有素的水獭在河里捕鱼。自6世纪以来，这种做法一直在孟加拉国南部盛行。

Otters, a lovely animal figure, used to have a close relationship with humans. Otter fishing is a fishing technique which utilizes trained otters to fish in river. It has been practiced since the 6th century and is still practiced in southern Bangladesh.

水獭的存在，帮助了该地区成千上万的渔民维持生计。但由于河流受到污染，鱼类数量大幅下降，“水濑捕鱼”这种特殊的传统技艺也正处于灭绝消亡之中。

The otters have helped thousands of fishermen to subsist in this region, but this rare tradition is in danger as rivers are polluted and the fish population is declining. 

同时，水产养殖导致了红树林的退化，杀虫剂的滥用导致了河流的污染，以及公众对养殖水獭的兴趣降低……这一系列的问题使得水獭的生存陷于危险之中。

Otters are also in danger because of the degradation of mangrove by aquaculture, the contamination of river by pesticides and reduced popular interest in otter-raising.

02

景观干预：人与水濑的互惠共生模式

该项目探索了一种新的人类和水獭互惠共生模式，以保存传统捕鱼方式的同时，改善当地经济状况，并保持适度的水獭种群生存。从保护水獭和人类的共同家园，以及水濑在红树林的自然栖息地的初衷中，我们得到灵感，提出了概念：从“家”到家。

The project explores a new reciprocal co-living model for humans and otters to persevere the fishing-tradition, improve the local economy and maintain a moderate otter population. With the intention of protecting the otters’ home together with humans and their natural home in the mangrove forest, we came up with our concept: From “home” to home.

03

人濑共生模式：3种适合水濑的栖息地设计

下面罗列3 种具有不同特点的水獭栖息地。

3 most characteristic habitats for otters are mapped out.

第一种是在人类生活和生产的农田空间，进行水獭养殖。圈养水獭的存活率更高，也保留了水獭捕鱼的传统技艺。因此，稻鱼系统每年运行两轮，水獭和人类是互惠互利的。这个系统是对水獭保育的基础措施。

The first one is the farmland space for human living and production, where otter breeding is carried out. Captive otters have higher survival rates, which preserves otter-fishing tradition. Therefore, the rice-fish system, operating two rounds a year, is mutually beneficial for otters and humans. This system is the foundation of otter conservation.

第二种是存在于村庄和孙德尔本斯之间的过渡空间。水獭繁殖四代以后，村民在社区人员的引导下，将3-4岁的水獭放归红树林与农田交界地带。将其中的堤岸改造成生态驳岸，种植本土植物，方便水獭栖息，改善环境。

The embankments are transformed into ecological soft barges with native plants, which can facilitate the habitat for otters and improve the environment. 

我们还建立了人工巢来帮助水獭。我们模拟红树林的根系，将单个洞穴设计为一个单元。这样，它们就可以直接放置在河岸上组装起来。巢穴的地下部分供水獭生活，地上部分用于捕捉淤泥。

We also set up artificial nests to assist otters. We simu­late mangrove root system and design a single burrow as a unit. In this way, they can be directly placed and assembled on the riverbank. The underground part of the nest is for otters to live, and the above-ground part is used to capture silt.

三是水獭的最终栖息地，与孙德尔本斯国家公园相结合，提高了红树林对水獭的适宜性。芦苇床、人工河道和人工曲线被用来帮助水獭逐渐从低适宜区迁移到高适宜区。采用低影响的旅游项目，如传统的水獭捕捞和人行道，增加当地居民的收入，重建人与水獭的关系。此外，研究人员、政府和居民将共同监测水獭的健康状况，以确保它们的生计。

The third is the final habitat for otters, which combined with Sundarbans National Park to improve the suitability of mangroves for otters. Reed beds, artificial watercourses and artificial curves are used to help otters gradually move from low suitability areas to high suitability ones. Low-impact tourism projects, such as traditional otter fishing and walkways, are adopt­ed to increase the income of local residents and rebuild the relationship between people and otters. Additionally, researchers, governments and residents will work together to monitor the otters’ health to ensure their livelihoods.

04

社区保障：水濑“回家”路上保教护航

为确保水濑在未来顺利“回家”，我们还提供了未来的保障措施。短期内，社区和政府的宣传活动将引导村民保护和养殖水獭。我们利用传统捕鱼技艺及其对游客的吸引力来增加农业、渔业和农家乐的收入。从长远来看，通过宣传和科学监测，人们保护水獭的意识和行动将逐渐增强。

To ensure a smooth “homecoming” process, safeguards are provided. In the short term, community and government campaigns will guide villagers to protect and breed otters. We use tradition and its attraction to tourists to increase the income from agriculture, fishery, and agritainment. In the long term, through advocacy and scientific monitoring, the awareness and actions of people to protect otters will be gradually increased.

注：文章图片全部来源于WLA官网。

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